You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.201.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 23:54, 31 July 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 April 2025
Your current IP address is 44.201.28.123. The blocked range is 44.201.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((For|the fictional characters|Correctors))
((More citations needed|date=June 2010))
((Roman government))
A '''corrector''' (English plural ''correctors'', Latin plural ''correctores'') is a person or object practicing [[wiktionary:correction|correction]], usually by removing or rectifying errors.

The word is originally a Roman title, ''corrector'', derived from the Latin verb ''corrigere'', meaning "to make straight, set right, bring into order."

Apart from the general sense of anyone who corrects mistakes, it has been used as, or part of (some commonly shortened again to Corrector), various specific titles and offices, sometimes quite distant from the original meaning.

== Secular offices ==

=== Roman Antiquity ===
The office of ''corrector'' first appears during the [[Principate]] in the reign of [[Trajan]] (r. 98–117), for extraordinary officials of [[Roman Senate|senatorial]] rank, who were tasked with investigating and reforming the administration in the [[Roman province|provinces]]. To this end, they were entrusted with full ''[[imperium maius]]'', which extended also to territories normally exempt from the authority of the Emperor's provincial governors: the [[Free city (antiquity)|free cities]] of the [[Greek East]], the [[senatorial province]]s, as well as [[Roman Italy|Italy]] herself.<ref name="PW">((cite encyclopedia | last = v. Premerstein | first = A. |title = Corrector | encyclopedia = [[Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft]] | volume = Band IV, Halbband 8, Corniscae-Demodoros | year = 1901 | at=col. 1645–1655))</ref> The full title of these officials, from their institution to the end of the 3rd century, was in [[Latin]] ''[[legatus Augusti pro praetore]] [missus] ad corrigendum [ordinandum] statum'', in [[Greek language|Greek]] rendered as πρεσβευτὴς καἰ ἀντιστράτηγος Σεβαστοῦ διορθωτὴς [or ἐπανορθωτὴς] (''presbeutes kai [[antistrategos]] [[sebastos|Sebastou]] diorthotes/epanorthotes''). From the late 3rd century on, the title was increasingly, and afterwards exclusively, simplified as ''corrector'' in Latin and διορθωτὴς (or ἐπανορθωτὴς) in Greek.<ref name="PW"/>

The sending of ''correctores'' to the Greek free cities, as well as to Italy, which as a metropolitan territory formally enjoyed a status different from the provinces, began a process of slow degradation of their distinct legal status and their gradual assimilation to the "ordinary" provinces, a process completed with the reforms of [[Diocletian]] (r. 284–305).<ref name="PW"/> Thus, at the start of the 4th century, all Italian districts (and [[Sicily]]) had a ''corrector'' as governor, although by the middle of the century most were replaced by governors with the rank of ''[[consularis]]''.<ref name="PW"/> In the administrative division as preserved in the ''[[Notitia Dignitatum]]'', the ''correctores'' held the senatorial rank of ''[[vir clarissimus]]''. Those of the [[West Roman Empire]] ranked between the ''consulares'' and the ordinary ''[[praeses|praesides]]'', while in the [[East Roman Empire]], they ranked below the ''praesides''.<ref name="PW"/>

According to the ''Notitia Dignitatum'', ca. 400 the following provinces were under ''correctores'':
*[[Province of Apulia and Calabria|Apulia et Calabria]], in southern Italy<ref name="OccidensI">''Notitia Dignitatum'', [http://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_P1.HTM ''in partibus Occidentis'', I]</ref> 
*[[Lucania et Bruttii]], in southern Italy<ref name="OccidensI"/>
*[[Pannonia Savia|Savia]], in [[Pannonia]] (Balkans)<ref name="OccidensI"/>
*[[Augustamnica]], in Egypt<ref name="OriensI">''Notitia Dignitatum'', [http://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_P17.HTM ''in partibus Orientis'', I]</ref>
*[[Paphlagonia]], in Asia Minor (Anatolia)<ref name="OriensI"/>

The ''corrector''(('))s staff (''[[officium (Ancient Rome)|officium]]'') is also specified: ''princeps officii'', ''[[cornicularius]]'', two ''tabularii'', ''commentariensis'', ''adiutor'', ''ab actis'', ''subadiuva''; finally unspecified ''exceptores'' and 'other' ''cohortalini'', i.e. menial staff.<ref>''Notitia Dignitatum'', [http://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_P15.HTM ''in partibus Occidentis'', XLIV]</ref>

Two famous but extraordinary ''correctores'' were [[Odaenathus]] and his son [[Vaballathus]], who rose to prominence after Emperor [[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]] was defeated and captured by the [[Sassanid Persia]]ns in 260.<ref name=EB1911>((cite EB1911 |wstitle=Odaenathus |volume=19 |page=995 |first=George Albert |last=Cooke))</ref> Odaenathus not only defended the frontier in the East, but succeeded in creating an almost independent state (known as the [[Palmyrene Empire]], after its capital [[Palmyra]]), though it nominally remained within the Roman Empire.<ref name=EB1911/> For his efforts, he gained the title of ''corrector totius orientis'', "Corrector of the Whole East". When he died, his son requested and obtained, after some years, the same title, but later styled himself ''[[Augustus (title)|Augustus]]''; Emperor [[Aurelian]] marched East to quash this open rebellion, defeating and capturing Vaballathus as well as his mother (and [[Éminence grise|''de facto'' ruler]]) Queen [[Zenobia]].

In various ''[[municipia]]'', ''corrector'' became the title of a permanent single [[chief magistrate]] (traditionally there had been collegial systems, e.g. two ''[[Roman consul|consul]]es'' or ''[[duumvir]]i''), as a Byzantine 7th-century source attests for thirteen cities in the Egyptian province [[Augustamnica Prima]].

=== Feudal times ===
* ''Corrector of the Press''

== Ecclesiastic (Catholic) titles==<!-- This section is linked from [[Correctores Romani]]. See [[WP:MOS#Section management]] -->
((Catholic Church hierarchy sidebar|Consecrated and professed titles))
* In the [[Roman Curia]] (papal ecclesiastical administration), there is an office of corrector and reviser of the books of the [[Vatican Library]]; of the former Tribunal of Correctors, abolished by [[Pius VII]], only a substitute-corrector among the [[Abbreviatores]] was maintained
* In the regular order of the [[Minim (religious order)|Minims]] it was the style of [[General superior|Superiors]] at the convent level, and the higher level, all elected; at the central level, the title is ''Corrector General'', and at the level of the province, ''Corrector Provincial''.
* '''Correctores Romani''' was the name of a pontifical [[canon law]] commission, installed by [[Gregory XIII]], later increased to thirty-five members by Pius V in 1566, which revised the text of the [[Corpus Iuris Canonici]].

Furthermore, the word Corrector was used as the title of several publications, some of which are quite famous, such as the 19th book, also known as ''Medicus'', of the Ancient [[canon law|canons]].

The derived term ''correctorium'' has been used for revisions of the text of the [[Vulgate]] Bible, begun in 1236 by the Dominicans under the French Cardinal [[Hugh of St. Cher]].

== Publishing ==
In the [[publishing]] of literature or other information, [[Editing|editor]]s assume the correctional roles of [[proofreading|proofreader]]s and [[Copy editing|copy edit]]ors in the editing cycle.

== Objects ==
The term is used for various devices used to correct another, as with a ship's compass or artillery.

== See also ==
* [[Censor (ancient Rome)|Censor]]
* [[Correctory]], text-form of the Latin [[Vulgate]] resulting from the critical emendation in the 13th century
* [[Critic]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

== Sources and external links ==
* [[Catholic Encyclopaedia]] ([http://www.newadvent.org/utility/search.htm?safe=active&cx=000299817191393086628%3Aifmbhlr-8x0&q=Corrector&sa=Search&cof=FORID%3A9 various entries]; more still to be checked, use its search)

[[Category:Ancient Roman titles]]
[[Category:Ecclesiastical titles]]
[[Category:Gubernatorial titles]]
[[Category:Government of the Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Byzantine administrative offices]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Corrector (edit)
Template:' (view source) (protected)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Apostrophe (view source) (protected)
Template:Catholic Church hierarchy sidebar (edit)
Template:Cite EB1911 (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite encyclopedia (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite wikisource/make link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Div col (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Div col/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Div col end (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Flatlist (view source) (protected)
Template:For (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Politics of ancient Rome (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Politics sidebar below (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Politics sidebar title (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Portal-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Roman government (edit)
Template:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:For (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/c (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Template wrapper (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Corrector.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrector"