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((about|the historic town in Germany||Creuzburg (disambiguation)))
((Infobox German location
|type = Ortsteil
|Town = [[Amt Creuzburg]]
|image_photo   = Creuzburg.jpg
|image_caption = Creuzburg Castle
|image_coa     = Wappen Creuzburg.svg
|coordinates   = ((coord|51|3|5|N|10|14|41|E|format=dms|display=inline,title))
|state         = Thuringia
|district      = Wartburgkreis
|elevation     = 200
|area          = 35.33
|population    = 2305
|Stand         = 2018-12-31
|postal_code   = 99831
|area_code     = 036926
|licence       = WAK
|website       = [http://www.creuzburg-online.de www.creuzburg-online.de]
))
((more citations needed section|date=June 2016))
'''Creuzburg''' is a town and a former municipality on the [[Werra]] river in the [[Wartburgkreis]] in [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]]. Since December 2019, it is part of the town [[Amt Creuzburg]].

==Geography==
Creuzburg is in the area known as the [[Muschelkalk]]. Three mountains, ''Wisch, Wallstieg'' and ''Ebenauer Köpfe'' are near the town.

Nearby towns include [[Treffurt]] and [[Eisenach]].

==History==
With a history going back over 1,000 years, Creuzburg is one of the oldest towns in Thuringia. Hill graves in the area of the city demonstrate a settlement beginning at least as early as [[Carolingian Renaissance|Carolingian]] times. The beginnings of the settlement on what became the site of the castle are a result of its position on a major crossroads. The old West-East trade route met at the Werra with the trade route from the south. In the 10th and 11th Centuries, the region was under control of the [[Fulda Abbey]].

[[File:Creuzburg werrabruecke2 20051009.jpg|thumb|left|The stone Werra Bridge, built in 1225, and the Liborius Chapel, built in 1499]]

In 1137, the city came under control of the Thuringian [[Rulers of Thuringia|Ludowinger]] dynasty. Landgrave [[Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia|Ludwig I]] acquired it in exchange for a portion of the lands he held in [[Hesse]]. Recognizing the strategic and economic importance of the area, his successors made improvements to the area. Landgrave [[Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia|Hermann I]] began the construction of the castle on the mountain and allowed the many farmers in the area to build the settlement at the base of the mountain. In 1213, Creuzburg was established as a city.  A coat of arms was established and a defensive wall was built. The nearby town of Scherbda, which now is part of Creuzburg, was first mentioned as a settlement around a fief in 1229.

The most prosperous time in Creuzburg was during the reign of Landgrave [[Ludwig IV of Thuringia|Ludwig IV]], the Holy, and his son [[Hermann II, Landgraf of Thuringia|Hermann II]].  After the wedding of Ludwig with the daughter of the King of [[Hungary]], [[Elisabeth von Thüringen|Elisabeth]], who is now known as St. [[Elisabeth of Hungary]], Creuzburg Castle became the second residence of the Thuringian Landgraves (after the [[Wartburg]]).  Many festivals were celebrated during this time, and the children of the couple were born in the castle. Ludwig redecorated the castle and built the first stone bridge across the Werra to secure the trade route.  Before he left for the [[Crusades]] in  1227, he bade farewell to his subjects in a major assembly of the Thuringian nobles in the castle.

[[File:Creuzburg kirche 20051009.jpg|thumb|left|The Nikolaikirche, built in 1215]]

Ludwig never returned. His brother [[Heinrich Raspe]] acted as regent during the childhood of Ludwig's son, Hermann II.  Elisabeth left Thuringia and moved back to the Hessian lands, where she later died in [[Marburg]].  Upon reaching adulthood, Hermann began his reign as Landgrave of Thuringia and Hesse. Castle remained his residence until his sudden death at the age of 18. His uncle and successor Heinrich Raspe used only the Wartburg as his residence.  This, for the city of Creuzburg, as well as the castle, was the end of their times of prosperity.  The town sank into economic and cultural anonymity in the following centuries.

Within the [[German Empire]] (1871–1918), Creuzburg was part of the [[Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]].

==Tourism==
[[File:Creuzburg 01 n.jpg|thumb|left|Creuzburg with Nikolaikirche tower]]

The Creuzburg Castle, which was a residence of the  [[Ludowing]] dynasty and a favorite visiting place of [[Elisabeth of Hungary|St. Elisabeth of Hungary]], is one of the top sightseeing destinations.  Creuzburg also boasts the oldest bridges north of the Main.

==Economy==
Beside several hotels and restaurants Creuzburg is also the head office of the Pollmeier Massivholz GmbH & CO. KG. The company is the largest and most efficient hardwood sawmill worldwide.

==Transportation==
The [[Bundesstraße 7|B 7]] highway from [[Kassel]] to [[Eisenach]] goes through Creuzburg.

==Famous residents==
* [[Ludwig IV of Thuringia]] (1200–1227), Count of Thuringia
* [[St. Elisabeth of Hungary]] (1207–1231), wife of Ludwig IV
* [[Hermann II, Landgrave of Thuringia]] (1222–1241)
* [[Sophie of Brabant|Sophie]] (1224–1275), married 1240 with [[Henry II (Brabant)|Henry II]] Duke of Brabant
* Johannes Rothe (1360–1434), a major Thuringian chronicler
* [[Michael Praetorius]] (1571–1621), composer and music writer
* William Knabe (1803-1864), piano builder

==Honorary citizen==

* [[Monika Harms]] (born 1946), general attorney, appointed on 5 February 2010 as honorary citizen for her services to the reorganization of the Liboriuskapelle

==Other people related to Creuzburg==
Personalities who have spent part of their lives in Creuzburg, or have died in Creuzburg
* [[Bonifatius]] (672/673-754), Benedictine monk, first missionary in the Creuzburg region 
* [[Johann Philip Bachmann]] (1762–1837)
* [[Harry Domela]], (1904/1905-died after 1977), alias '' Baron Korff '', incognito-traveling '' Prince Wilhelm of Prussia '', adventurer and impostor, was in the summer of 1926 several weeks of the town's honor and was courted on the Creuzburg.
* [[Alexander Rödiger]] (born 1985), bobsleigh from Scherbda, silver medalists at the [[Winter Olympics 2010|Olympic Winter Games 2010]].

==Literature==
*Rainer Schill, Astrid Thiel: ''Creuzburg an der Werra: Bilder aus vergangenen Tagen''. Geiger-Verlag, ((ISBN|3-89264-743-7))
*Rat der Stadt Creuzburg (Hg.): ''Creuzburg. 775 Jahre Stadt Creuzburg. 1213-1988. Aus der Geschichte der Stadt.'' Druckerei Fortschritt Erfurt, 1988.
*Horst Schmidt, Hans-Henning Walter: ''Creuzburg - Geschichte des Creuzburger Salzwerks''. Eisenacher Schriften zur Heimatkunde 39. Eisenach, 1988.

==References==
((Reflist))
((-))

==External links==
((Commons category))
* http://www.creuzburg-online.de Fremdenverkehrsverein Creuzburg e.V. ''(German)''
* https://web.archive.org/web/20061020223457/http://www.geschichte-wak.de/creuzburg.htm Town History ''(German)''
* http://www.creuzburg-werra.de ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527223610/http://www.creuzburg-werra.de/ |date=2013-05-27 )) Private Page About Creuzburg ''(German)''
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070928043751/http://www.dirk-oberschelp.de/creuzburg.htm Photo Gallery ''(German)''
* https://web.archive.org/web/20061019032722/http://www.360creuzburg.de/ 360 Degree Views ''(German)''
* http://www.pollmeier.com

((Authority control))

[[Category:Wartburgkreis]]
[[Category:Former municipalities in Thuringia]]

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