Daehaeng Kun Sunim (대행, 大行; 1927–2012) was a Korean Buddhist nun and Seon (禪) master. She taught monks as well as nuns, and helped to increase the participation of young people in Korean Buddhism.[1][2]
She made laypeople a particular focus of her efforts, and broke out of traditional models of spiritual practice, teaching so that anyone could practice, regardless of monastic status or gender. She was also a major force for the advancement of Bhikkunis (nuns), heavily supporting traditional nuns’ colleges as well as the modern Bhikkuni Council of Korea.[3][4] The temple she founded, Hanmaum Seon Center, grew to have 15 branches in Korea, with another 10 branches in other countries.[5]
Life
Daehaeng Kun Sunim was born in Seoul, Korea, in 1927. Her family was originally quite wealthy, and owned large pieces of land stretching from what is now Itaewon down to the Han River. Her father was from an old Korean military family, and had continued to secretly support resistance to the Japanese Occupation of Korea. As a result, in 1932 or 1933, the Japanese secret police, the Kempeitai, came to arrest him. He was warned a few minutes before their arrival and escaped out the back of his home with his family. They fled south across the Han River, and lived in the mountains there in a dugout hut. Unable to safely contact friends or family, they lived in poverty, having to glean fields for leftover grains of rice or vegetables.
Daehaeng Kun Sunim often slept outdoors in order to avoid her increasingly angry father. Obsessed with the question of why people suffer, she awakened when she was around eight years old. She was formally ordained by Hanam Kun Sunim in around 1948, and received Dharma transmission from him at the same time. She spent many of the years that followed wandering the mountains of Korea, wearing ragged clothes and eating only what was at hand. Later, she explained that she hadn't been pursuing some type of asceticism; rather, she was just completely absorbed in entrusting everything to her fundamental Buddha essence and observing how that affected her life.
Around 1959, she settled in a hermitage below Sangwon Temple in the Chiak Mountains, and in the mid 1960s moved to the Wonju area. Later she moved to the Cheongnyangni area of Seoul, before eventually moving to Anyang, where she established the first Hanmaum Seon Center in 1972.(Daehaeng 1993, 19-141)[6]
At the time of her passing on May 22, 2012, she was the guiding teacher of over one hundred nuns, and the Dharma teacher of over fifty monks. The center she founded has a lay membership of over one hundred fifty thousand people, and has grown to twenty five branches around the world.[7][8][9]
Teaching Style
"Have faith in your inherent Buddha-nature, unconditionally entrust it with the things that come up in your life, and go forward. Observe what happens when you entrust problems and feelings to your inherent nature -- experiment with this, and try to apply what you learn. And then go forward without clinging to even that."
A Dharma talk by Daehaeng Kun Sunim at the Jinju, South Korea, Hanmaum Seon Center
The goal of Daehaeng Kun Sunim teachings was to help people to discover the great potential with themselves. In this way, they would be able to make their own way forward, and use the abilities inherent within them to help themselves and others. To this end, she taught people to rely upon the great wisdom and energy inherent within each of us, often called "Buddha-nature," through which she said each one of us is connected to every other being and thing.
In her own life and practice, Daehaeng Kun Sunim had experienced for herself that each and every person has this infinite potential with themselves, which she said could be called "Buddha-nature," "God," "inherent Buddha," "Father," and so on. Thus, she was determined to teach such that spiritual practice was something everyone could participate in, and which wasn't limited to certain groups such as monks or nuns.
It was important to her that people develop the strengths and tools to be able to practice and overcome whatever might confront them, without becoming dependent upon some outer teacher or guru. To this end, she taught people to rely directly upon this "inherent Buddha." (She also frequently used the Korean expressions for "foundation," "fundamental mind," "Juingong"(the one that is truly doing things," and "Hanmaum(one mind).) She did however say that an outer teacher may be necessary until people find their own, true inner teacher.
She exhorted people to work on letting go of thoughts such as "I," "mine," and "I did," as well as to be careful to interpret events positively. In addition, she warned about getting caught up in blaming others for the things one experiences. Instead, she said, understand that we've had a role in creating everything that we experience. So if we can handle them wisely, if we can entrust them to our foundation, even those will change and move in a more positive direction.
She didn't emphasize fixed periods of sitting meditation, nor did she encourage the systematic study of hwadus(kong-an). She wanted people to get used to listening inwardly and discovering what they needed to do at any particular time to brighten their own hearts, as opposed to getting caught up in other's fixed forms and traditions. To this extent, she taught people to take the issues of their own daily life as the material of their spiritual practice, and to practice entrusting that to one's inherent Buddha-nature.
About hwadus, she said that although they can still be effective, they don't work as well with modern people, and at any rate, each person has their own fundamatal hwadus that they were born with. "Why am I here?" "What am I supposed to be doing with my life?" and so on. She called these kinds of questions "naturally arising hwadus."
(See No River to Cross, 2007, Wake Up and Laugh, 2014)
Modern Versions of Traditional Buddhist Ceremonies
In the late 1970s, Daehaeng Kun Sunim began translating the traditional ceremonies used in Korean Buddhist temples.[7] These were used at the temples she founded, Hanmaum Seon Centers, beginning in the early 1980s, with the first collection of these ceremonies being widely published in 1987,[10] but it would not be until late 2011 when Korea's largest Buddhist order, the Jogye Order, would begin to introduce modern Korean translations of the traditional Chinese-character(hanmun) ceremonies.[11]
Daehaeng Kun Sunim had been concerned that laypeople were missing the benefits and help that understanding the ceremonies could provide, so she began translating them from the traditional Sino-Korean characters into modern, phonetic Korean(Hangul).
These included:
In addition, she translated the Flower Ornament Sutra(華嚴經).
Her Korean version of the Thousand Hands Sutra and the Great Compassion Dharani has been published in English as A Thousand Hands of Compassion[12]
Hanmaum Seon Center
Hanmaum Seon Center("Hanmaum Seonwon"), Anyang, South Korea,
Hanmaum Seon Center(or Hanmaum Seonwon-한마음 선원) is large Buddhist temple complex near Seoul, South Korea. Founded in 1972, in Anyang City, it is part of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. It is run by Daehaeng Kun Sunim's Bhikkuni disciples, and has fifteen Korean branches and ten overseas branches. In addition to its role as a center for teaching the Dharma, it is well known for its choir and youth groups. The youth group is the driving force behind many award-winning lanterns and floats that take part in the Buddha's Birthday parades.
^Chung, C.K. (May 22, 2012). '비구니계 큰스승' 한마음선원장 대행스님 입적 ['A Great Bhikksuni Teacher' Daehaeng Sunim, founder of Hanmaum Seon Centers passes away]. Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved May 5, 2014.
^Oh, Hyeon Gyeong (May 26, 2012). 묘공당 대행스님 영결식 봉행 [The Funeral Ceremony of "Myo Gong Dang" Daehaeng Sunim]. Bulgyo Shinmun (in Korean). Retrieved May 5, 2014.
^An, Jik Su (August 20, 2003). 전국 비구니회관 서울 수서에 개원 [National Headquarters for Council of Buddhist Nuns Opens in Seoul]. Bulgyo Shinmun (in Korean). Retrieved May 5, 2014.
^Eom, Tae Gyu (November 11, 2010). 제22회 포교대상에 대행스님 [Daehaeng Sunim: Recipient of the 22nd Grand Award for Helping to Propagate Buddhism]. Bulgyo Shinmun (in Korean). Retrieved May 5, 2014.
^Daehaeng, Sunim (1993). 한마음요전 (The Principles of Hanmaum)
^ abSi, Jun Bong (May 23, 2012). [부고]한마음선원 세운 대행 스님 [[Obituary] The Founder of Hanmaum Seon Centers, Daehaeng Sunim]. Jungang Daily (in Korean). Retrieved May 5, 2014.
^Lim, Yunsu (May 27, 2012). 릴레이 상여꾼들이 멘 스님 운구 [Sunims Carry the Coffin]. OhmyNews (in Korean). Archived from the original on May 22, 2013. Retrieved May 5, 2014.
^Hanmaum Seonwon(1987). 신행요전(Ceremonies and Essentials)
^Bak, Seong Yeoul (October 11, 2011). 우리말 반야심경 널리 쓰여야 [It's Time for the Korean Version of the Heart Sutra to be Widely Used]. The Buddhism Journal (in Korean). Retrieved May 5, 2014.
