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((Short description|1778–1828 Cossack polity in the Danube Delta))
((distinguish|Danube Cossack Host))
((Refimprove|date=February 2008))
((Infobox former country
| native_name            = Задунайська Сiч
| conventional_long_name = Danubian Sich
| common_name            = Danubian Sich
| iso3166code            = omit       <!-- For a country or geopolitical version of a country that ceased to exist prior to the introduction of iso3166-->
| era                    = [[Early modern period]]
| status                 = <!-- Status: see Category list on template page -->
| status_text            = <!-- A free text to describe status at the top of the infobox. Use sparingly. -->
| empire                 = [[Ottoman Empire]]
| government_type        = [[Cossacks|Cossack]] [[Republic]]
<!-- Rise and fall, events, years and dates -->
<!-- only fill in the start/end event entry if a specific article exists. Don't just say "abolition" or "declaration" -->| event_start            = [[Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca|Established]]
| date_start             = 
| year_start             = 1778
| event_end              = [[Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)|Disestablished]]
| date_end               = <!-- Optional: Date of disestablishment, in format 1 January (no year) -->
| year_end               = 1828
| year_exile_start       = <!-- Year of start of exile (if dealing with exiled government: status="Exile") -->
| year_exile_end         = <!-- Year of end of exile (leave blank if still in exile) -->
| event1                 = <!-- Optional: other events between "start" and "end" -->
| date_event1            = 
| event2                 = 
| date_event2            = 
| event3                 = 
| date_event3            = 
| event4                 = 
| date_event4            = 
| event5                 = 
| date_event5            = 
| event6                 = 
| date_event6            = 
| event_pre              = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place before "event_start" -->
| date_pre               = 
| event_post             = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place after "event_end" -->
| date_post              = <!-- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 -->
| p1                     = Zaporozhian Sich
| flag_p1                = Zaporozhian Sich flag.svg
| image_p1               = <!-- Use: [[File:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] -->
| p2                     = 
| flag_p2                = 
| p3                     = 
| flag_p3                = 
| p4                     = 
| flag_p4                = 
| p5                     = 
| flag_p5                = 
| s1                     = Danube Cossack Host
| flag_s1                = Flag of Russia.svg
| image_s1               = <!-- Use: [[File:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] -->
| s2                     = 
| flag_s2                = 
| s3                     = 
| flag_s3                = 
| s4                     = 
| flag_s4                = 
| s5                     = 
| flag_s5                = 
| image_flag             = Flag_of_the_Zaporizhian_Sich.svg
| flag_alt               = <!-- Alt text for flag -->
| image_flag2            = <!-- Second flag -->
| flag_alt2              = <!-- Alt text for second flag -->
| flag                   = <!-- Link target under flag image. Default: Flag of (({common_name))} -->
| flag2                  = <!-- Link target under flag2 image. Default: Flag of (({common_name))} -->
| flag_type              = <!-- Displayed text for link under flag. Default "Flag" -->
| flag2_type             = <!-- Displayed text for link under flag2. Default "Flag" -->
| image_coat             = <!-- Default: Coat of arms of (({common_name))}.svg -->
| coa_size               = <!-- Size of coat of arms -->
| coat_alt               = <!-- Alt text for coat of arms -->
| symbol_type            = <!-- Displayed text for link under symbol. Default "Coat of arms" -->
| symbol_type_article    = <!-- Link target under symbol image. Default: Coat of arms of (({common_name))} -->
| image_map              = Jurisdicţia Mitropoliei Proilaviei - până la 1672.PNG
| image_map_alt          = 
| image_map_caption      = Metropolitan bishopric of Proilava (Brăila)
| image_map2             = <!-- If second map is needed; does not appear by default -->
| image_map2_alt         = 
| image_map2_caption     = 
| capital                = 
| capital_exile          = <!-- If status="Exile" -->
| national_motto         = 
| national_anthem        = 
| common_languages       = 
| religion               = 
| demonym                = [[Zaporozhian Cossacks]]
| currency               = <!-- Titles and names of the first and last leaders and their deputies -->
| leader1                = <!-- Name of king or president -->
| leader2                = 
| leader3                = 
| leader4                = 
| leader21               = <!--(up to 21 distinct leaders may be included)-->
| year_leader1           = <!-- Years served -->
| year_leader2           = 
| year_leader3           = 
| year_leader4           = 
| year_leader21          = 
| title_leader           = <!-- Default: "King" for monarchy, otherwise "President" -->
| representative1        = <!-- Name of representative of head of state (e.g. colonial governor) -->
| representative2        = 
| representative3        = 
| representative4        = 
| representative5        = 
| year_representative1   = <!-- Years served -->
| year_representative2   = 
| year_representative3   = 
| year_representative4   = 
| year_representative5   = 
| title_representative   = <!-- Default: "Governor" -->
| deputy1                = <!-- Name of prime minister -->
| deputy2                = 
| deputy3                = 
| deputy4                = 
| year_deputy1           = <!-- Years served -->
| year_deputy2           = 
| year_deputy3           = 
| year_deputy4           = 
| title_deputy           = <!-- Default: "Prime minister" -->
<!-- Legislature -->| legislature            = <!-- Name of legislature -->
| house1                 = <!-- Name of first chamber -->
| type_house1            = <!-- Default: "Upper house" -->
| house2                 = <!-- Name of second chamber -->
| type_house2            = <!-- Default: "Lower house" -->
<!-- Area and population of a given year -->| stat_year1             = <!-- year of the statistic, specify either area, population or both -->
| stat_area1             = <!-- area in square kílometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated -->
| stat_pop1              = <!-- population (w/o commas or spaces), population density is calculated if area is also given -->
| stat_year2             = 
| stat_area2             = 
| stat_pop2              = 
| stat_year3             = 
| stat_area3             = 
| stat_pop3              = 
| stat_year4             = 
| stat_area4             = 
| stat_pop4              = 
| stat_year5             = 
| stat_area5             = 
| stat_pop5              = 
| today                  = [[Moldova]]<br>[[Romania]]<br>[[Ukraine]]
| footnote_a             = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
| footnote_b             = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
| footnote_h             = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
| footnotes              = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
))
((Cossacks))
The '''Danubian Sich''' (((lang-uk|Задунайська Сiч|translit=Zadunaiska Sich))) was an organization of the part of former [[Zaporozhian Cossacks]] who settled in the territory of the [[Ottoman Empire]] (the [[Danube Delta]], hence the name) after their previous host was disbanded and the [[Zaporozhian Sich]] was destroyed.

In 1863 [[Semen Hulak-Artemovsky]] wrote his libretto ''[[Zaporozhets za Dunayem]]'' in [[Saint Petersburg]] to commemorate the exodus of Zaporizhian Cossacks to the Danube, an area of [[Silistra Eyalet]]. The Cossacks were protecting the Metropolitan bishop of Brăila who serviced the area of [[Budjak]] and [[Yedisan]] ([[Ottoman Ukraine]]) and was titled as Metropolitan bishop of all Ukraine.<ref name="'Frati Flux'">[Mitropolitul Proilaviei, al Tomarovei, al Hotinului, al tuturor marginilor Dunării și ale Nistrului și al întregii Ucraine a hanului]; Iustin S. Frățiman, ''Administrarea bisericească la românii transnistreni, între Bug și Nistru. Cercetare politico-istorico-bisericească relativ la viața românilor ce trăiesc în Rusia'', editura „Dimitrie V. Păun”, Chișinău, 1943, republicat de Vlad Cubreacov în ziarul Flux, 8 mai 2009 [http://www.flux.md/editii/200931/articole/6432/], accesat la 15 decembrie 2012.</ref>

==End of Zaporozhia==
By the late 18th century, the combat ability of Zaporozhia was greatly reduced, especially after the [[Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca]] and the Russian annexation of [[Crimea]], when the need for the Host to guard the borders was removed. At the same time, the Zaporozhian's other enemy, the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], was also weakened and on the verge of being [[Partitions of Poland|partitioned]]. This meant that militarily the Zaporozhian Sich was becoming increasingly superfluous, but at the same time their existence caused friction with [[Imperial Russia]]n authorities who wanted to colonise the newly acquired lands that the Cossacks inhabited. After a number of Cossack attacks on Serbian colonies and with Cossack support offered to [[Yemelyan Pugachev]], the Russian Empress [[Catherine II of Russia|Catherine the Great]] issued an order to General [[Pyotr Tekeli]] to end the troublesome Sich.

Tekeli's operation, carried out in June 1775, was bloodless. The [[Zaporozhian Sich]] was surrounded with infantry and artillery and an ultimatum was given to the [[Kosh otaman]] [[Petro Kalnyshevsky]] to destroy the Sich and to have Zaporozhian knights transfer to the family life. The Cossacks did not resist so that no Russian blood would be spilt. But later Zaporozhian Cossack [[Grigory Potemkin]], and apparently without Kalnyshevky's knowledge, reached an agreement to allow a group of 50 Cossacks under the guidance of a [[starshyna]] Lyakh to go fishing in the river Ingul next to the [[Southern Buh]] in Ottoman territory and to issue 50 passports. The pretext was enough to allow the Russians to let the Cossacks, as 50 passports allowed five thousand Cossacks to leave <ref>Taras Chukhlib ''Alexander Suvorov in Ukrainian history'', Pravda.org.ua [http://knsuvorov.narod.ru/text/ukr.html Retrieved on 21 April] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219035248/http://knsuvorov.narod.ru/text/ukr.html |date=2007-12-19 ))</ref> (approximately 30% of the Zaporozhian Cossacks). As long as Potemkin could be guilty, so starshyna, including Kalnyshevsky, was arrested for this. 

These Cossacks were joined by numerous Ukrainian peasants fleeing from [[Serfdom in Russia|Russian Serfdom]] and lived on the left bank of the Danube river ([[Budjak]]) then part of the [[Ottoman Empire]], who allowed them to settle there. By 1778 they numbered 12 thousand men, and the Turkish [[Sultan]] decided that they would have much more use as a [[Cossack Host]], and allocated them the land of [[Kuchungary]] (modern [[Transnistria]]) in the lower [[Dniester]] where they swore loyalty to the Ottoman Empire. However the outbreak of the [[Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)|Russo-Turkish War]] divided the Cossacks. Some returned to Russia and joined the new Host of Loyal Zaporozhians (later the [[Black Sea Cossack Host]]) formed out of the Cossacks who chose to remain in Russia in 1775. After the [[Russo-Turkish War (1806–12)]], [[Bessarabia]] became part of Russia, and the Danubian Cossacks lost their allocated land.

==Rivalry with Nekrasovites==
((History of Ukraine))
Following Turkey's defeat, some Cossacks retreated with the Turkish Army across the [[Danube River]],  where the Sultan allowed them to build a [[Sich]] in the settlement of Katerlez in the [[Danube Delta]] right next to existing settlements of [[Nekrasov Cossacks]] and [[Lipovans]]. There was increasing friction between the two groups over land and fishing rights. In 1794, the Nekrasovites attacked and destroyed Katerlez. Afterwards the Turkish authorities re-located the Danubian Zaporozhians further up the Danube on the [[Great Brăila Island]]. The new location was much poorer for fishing and resulted in a group of 500 Cossacks, led by [[Kosh otaman|Kosh]] Pomelo to return to Russia.

In 1800 the [[Balkan Peninsula]] erupted in uprisings led by [[Osman Pazvantoğlu]] who rebelled against the new Turkish Sultan [[Selim III]]. In order to gain support, Pazvantoğlu promised the Nekrasovites all the land on the lower Danube. Seeing an opportunity to settle the score with their rivals, the Danubian Zaporozhians sided with the Sultan. The resulting Civil War saw severe losses in both Cossack groups. In the end the rebellion was put down, the Zaprozhians where rewarded by the Brailov Nazir, who allowed then to return to Katerlez in 1803. However the Nekrasovites found their own protector, the commandant of [[Izmail]] Pekhlevanoğlu. With his aid, they attacked the Sich once again in 1805 and sacked it. The surviving Zaporozhians fled to Brailov (modern [[Brăila]], [[Romania]]).

The new [[Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)]] caused further division among the Danubian Cossacks. After Russia overran the Danube, the Kosh Otaman Trofim Gaibadura and Ivan Guba offered their allegiance to Russia. They were permitted to settle in the [[Budjak]] region and by order of [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] and on 20 January 1807 formed the Lower-Danube Budjak Host (Усть-Дунайское Буджацкое Войско). The new host lasted only five months, during which many neighbouring Ukrainian and Moldovan landowners complained about their serfs running off to [[Kiliya, Ukraine|Kiliya]] (modern [[Ukraine]]) and Galats (modern [[Galaţi]], [[Romania]]) where the Host was based. Therefore, on 20 June, the host, which by that point numbered only 1387 men, was disbanded. Approximately 500 of them moved to the [[Kuban]]. This caused many of the remaining Danubians, who initially wished to follow the Kosh and move to Russia, to reconsider.

After negotiations with the Russian General [[Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov|Kutuzov]], many Nekrasovites were pardoned and allowed to move to Russia. The [[Treaty of Bucharest (1812)|1812 Treaty of Bucharest]] resulted in the Buhjak becoming part of Russia. With the old rivalry still strong, the Zaporozhian Danubians once again attacked their enemy, and in 1813 retook Katerlez. After a very brutal conflict, which shocked even the Turkish authorities, Zaporozhians captured the Nekrasovite capital [[Dunavăţu de Sus|Upper Dunavets]] (modern [[Romania]]) in 1814 . There they founded their final Sich. Many Nekrasov Cossacks were later re-located to [[Anatolia]], while those who remained mixed with Lipovans and old-believers among the Danubian Cossacks.

==Service to the Sultan==
After a few years of peace, trouble once again came to the Balkans, with the outbreak of the [[Greek War of Independence]]. In 1821 the Russian-Greek commander [[Alexander Ypsilantis (1792-1828)|Alexander Ypsilantis]] moved the [[Filiki Eteria|Eterian Greeks]] from Russia to [[Wallachia]]. The Danubian Cossacks, under command of Kosh Nikifor Beluha, assisted in the defeat of this incursion. Afterwards five thousand Cossacks under the Kosh Semen Moroz were sent to Greece to fight for the Turks. In 1824 they took part in the storming of [[Messolonghi]]. Many died there, and Moroz himself was killed in the naval battle off the island of [[Chios]].

During this time the Danube Sich reached its height, numbering 10,000-15,000 men, and controlling all of the Danube delta region with six villages being in personal control of the Kosh. In the Upper Dunavets there were 38 [[platoon|kuren]]s under old traditional names of the Zaporozhian Sich. However, the new Sich was noticeably different from its predecessor. There were no longer any Host [[Starshyna]]s, and only un-married Cossacks were considered as eligible for service. [[Polkovnyk]]s were assigned temporarily by the Kosh. The Host lacked any cavalry, only infantry in boats. The social structure also began to fragment; instead of the former equality of all Cossacks, many fishing, tradesmen and landowners became the [[Rayah]]. In order to gain permission to do so, there had to be at least a marriage link to a Cossack family.

==End==
((POV|Section|date=July 2020))
[[File:Sergiy Vasylkivskiy- Cossack Dunai.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Serhiy Vasilkivsky]]'s painting of a Danubian Sich Cossack.]]
In 1825 Kosh otaman Lytvyn promised to send another expedition to Greece but fled the Sich without any trace. The events in Greece once again affected relations between Turkey and Russia, and a new [[Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)|Russo-Turkish War]] broke out. Among the Danubian Cossacks there was as ever a pro-Russian and a pro-Turkish split. The former were willing to return to Russia if a pardon was given. Learning of this, the head (Hradonachalik) of [[Izmail]] S.A. Tuchkov entered into secret negotiations with Kosh Vasily Nezmayevsky (1827). The conditions were set to allow the whole Host to return to Russia. Despite being a Russophile, Nezmayevsky was not ready to accept such a move.

With the outbreak of the new [[Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)]], the Russian Army under command of Field-Marshal [[Peter Wittgenstein]] advanced. Threatening to overrun the Sich, the Sultan wished to relocate it to Adrianopol (modern [[Edirne]], [[Turkey]]) and ordered the Kosh to rally the Danubian Army to [[Silistra]] (modern Bulgaria).  The new Kosh was [[Osyp Hladky]], originally from a rich landowner family from [[Poltava]] who in 1820 had left his home to earn a living, but after a few failed business attempts in [[Crimea]] and [[Odessa]], had left Russia and joined the Sich in 1822. He took part in the campaign against Messolonghi and afterwards was elected to be a Kuren Ataman of the Platnyrovsky Kuren. After the failed negotiations with Nezmayevsky, Tuchkov approached Hladky, who upon the Kosh elections held on [[The Protection of the Mother of God|Pokrov]] (1 October) was elected to be the Kosh Ataman.

Hladky only gathered those that he suspected of having a pro-Turkish allegiance (about two thousand men) and set out for Silistra. After reaching there, he asked to return to the Sich to gather more. When he returned, he instead called for a [[Cossack Rada]] and announced his decision to side the whole Sich with Russia. On 30 (18) May 1828,<ref>Йосип Михайлович Гладкий at «Енциклопедія історії України» [http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?Z21ID=&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Gladky_Y]</ref> Hladky along with 218 Cossacks and 578 Rayah crossed the Danube with all the Sich regalia, treasury and prized possessions. After landing on the left bank, they were taken to the Russian headquarters where they knelt before Emperor [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I]] himself, who was quoted saying: 

((quote|God will forgive you, the Motherland forgives you, and I too forgive|<ref>Osip Gladky at www.rulex.ru [http://www.rulex.ru/01040139.htm Retrieved] 21st Feb, 2008</ref>))

The Danubian Cossacks were fully pardoned for their past, and managed to win over the Tsar's trust, which was confirmed when the Russian Army Crossed the Danube, as Nicholas was in the same boat that Hladky had initially came over in, with Kosh Polkovnyks rowing. The Tsar let the Danubians form a new ''Special Zaporozhian Host'' (Отдельное Запорожное Войско), with Hladky as the appointed Ataman. The new Host was small with only a five infantry [[sotnia]]s (~100 men each) and came under the control of the [[Imperial Russian Navy|Danube flotilla]]. Despite the small number of men, they soon became a prized asset due to their knowledge of the complicated Danube Delta. They proved themselves in combat in the storming of [[Isaccea]], and 10 Cossacks were awarded the [[Cross of St. George]].

For those Danubian Sich Cossacks who refused to follow Hladky, their fate was tragic. Learning of Hladky's betrayal, the Sultan called upon the [[Janissary]] corps to raze the Sich, massacre its population and burn down its church. Even those that were in Silistra were disarmed and sent to [[forced labour]] deep in Turkey.

==Aftermath==
After the war ended, Russia remained to administer the [[Danubian Principalities]]. Nicholas I decided to form yet another new Cossack group the [[Danube Cossack Host]], which was to include descendants of the Zaporozhians who fled Russia in 1775 but did not join the Sultan and instead settled in Bessarabia. In addition it included loyal Nekrasovites as well as many volunteers from the Balkan peoples. It was based in the many historical refuge areas, where over the previous decades many Cossacks fleeing from Turkey found sanctuary such as [[Akkerman]].

There were plans to relocate the Danubian Cossack Host to the [[Kuban]], where Gladky visited in 1830. But the [[Caucasus War]] was in full swing, and the long journey for such a small group would have been too difficult. Instead the Tsar allowed Gladky to remain in [[Novorossiya]] and find a piece of land that was uninhabited (Rather than just let them remain). Gladky chose the northern coast of the [[Azov Sea]], next to [[Berdyansk]]. In May 1832 Gladky carried his men over to the new land and there they formed the [[Azov Cossack Host]].  Initially numbering 2336 people (including 687 women), the new Host was the only Cossack force in Russia which had a Naval role, acting as a coast guard for the Caucasus and Crimean coasts, by defending them from Turkish and Circassian raiders.

The remaining Cossacks who managed to escape the Sultan's vengeance, but did not return to Russia moved to the Danube Delta, where in 1830 they numbered 1,095 families.<ref name="uur.ro">((Cite web |url=http://www.uur.ro/frames.htm |title=Union of Ukrainians in Romania website |access-date=2008-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230193516/http://www.uur.ro/frames.htm |archive-date=2008-12-30 |url-status=dead ))</ref> Over the years they were joined by other peasants fleeing serfdom in the Russian Empire. To date there is still a small [[Ukrainian diaspora|Ukrainian minority]] living in the [[Dobruja]] region around [[Ukraine]] and [[Romania]]. In 1992 they numbered four thousand people according to official Romanian statistics <ref name="anri">Calculated from statistics for the counties of Tulcea and Constanţa from ((cite web|title=Populaţia după etnie la recensămintele din perioada 1930&ndash;2002, pe judete|publisher=Guvernul României — Agenţia Naţională pentru Romi|url=http://www.anr.gov.ro/docs/statistici/statistici/t1.pdf|access-date=2007-05-02|pages=5&ndash;6, 13&ndash;14|language=ro|archive-date=2015-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172336/http://www.anr.gov.ro/docs/statistici/statistici/t1.pdf|url-status=dead))</ref> while the local community claims to number 20,000.<ref name="uur.ro"/> Known as Rusnaks<ref>((cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages\D\O\Dobrudja.htm |title=Dobrudja |access-date=December 21, 2006 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Ukraine ))</ref> they continue to pursue the traditional Cossack lifestyle of hunting and fishing.

==Legacy==

The legacy of the Danube Cossacks survived in a lyrical-comic opera called [[Zaporozhets za Dunayem|"A Zaprorozhian Cossack beyond the Danube"]] (Zaporozhetz za Dunayem) composed in the 1850s by [[Semen Hulak-Artemovsky]], a student of [[Mikhail Glinka]]. Although the opera historically relates to the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish war of 1828-9, where according to a peace treaty, the Danube cossacks were granted the right to return to their homeland, Hulak-Artemovsky reset the opera to take place in the 18th century.
The opera first opened in [[St. Petersburg]] at the [[Mariinsky Theatre]] on 14 March 1863. After its premiere it was censored and restricted from performance.((Citation needed|date=March 2008)) In the 1870s it was revived by amateur Ukrainian theatre troupes and received a new lease on life. Today it is considered a Ukrainian opera classic.

==See also==
*[[Ottoman Ukraine]]
*[[Azov Cossacks]]

==References==

===Notations===
*((cite book|last=Shambarov|first=Valery|title=Kazachestvo Istoriya Volnoy Rusi|publisher=Algoritm Expo, Moscow|year=2007|isbn=978-5-699-20121-1)).
* Cossacks and military settlers on Dniester and Bug 18th-19th centuries by I.A.Antsupov. First published in Annual Almanach of Pridnestrovye, 1997, vol.1 p.&nbsp;30-39 Available [http://www.cossackdom.com/articles/a/antsupov_vposelentsy.htm online] on www.cossackdom.com
* Olena Bachynska. "The Danube Territory-land of the traditions of the Ukrainian Cossacks 18th-19th centuries". First published in ''Наукових записок. Збірника праць молодих вчених та аспірантів"''.  2001. vol.6 p.&nbsp;263-274 available [http://www.cossackdom.com/articles/b/bachinska_krai.html online] at www.cossackdom.com
*Alexander Bachinsky, ''The Danube Sich 1775-1828'' Odessa State University  [http://www.cossackdom.com/rechenzii/moguliova_naris.htm]
*[http://www.cossackdom.com/articles/m/malenko_zadunsech.htm online Danube Sich] by L.Malenko for the ''Small Encyclopedia of Ukrainian Cossackdom''

===Footnotes===
((reflist))

==External links==
*[http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/D/A/DanubianSich.htm Danubian Sich] in the ''[[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]''

[[Category:Ottoman period in the Balkans]]
[[Category:Bessarabia]]
[[Category:18th century in the Zaporozhian Host]]
[[Category:Vassal states of the Ottoman Empire]]

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