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((Short description|Former Australian prison in New South Wales))
((Use dmy dates|date=December 2014))
((Use Australian English|date=March 2018))
((More citations needed|date=May 2008))
((Infobox prison
| name                = Darlinghurst Gaol
| image               = File:Darlinghurst gaol new south wales.jpg
| image_size          = 270
| alt                 = 
| caption             = An aerial view of Darlinghurst Gaol, with the [[Darlinghurst Courthouse|courthouse]] in the foreground, 1930
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| pushpin_map         = Australia Sydney 
| pushpin_relief      = 1
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| pushpin_map_alt     = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Sydney|Greater Sydney]]
| pushpin_label       = Former Darlinghurst Gaol
| map_dot_mark        = 
| location            = ((NSWcity|Darlinghurst)), [[New South Wales]]
| coordinates         = ((coord|33|52|47|S|151|13|07|E|display=title,inline|type:landmark_region:AU-NSW))
| status              = Closed; repurposed as an [[art school]]
| classification      = 
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| opened              = ((start date|1841|06|07|df=y))
| closed              = 1914
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 ))
))
The '''Darlinghurst Gaol''' is a former [[Australia]]n prison located in [[Darlinghurst, New South Wales|Darlinghurst]], [[New South Wales]]. The site is bordered by Darlinghurst Road, Burton and Forbes streets, with entrances on Forbes and Burton Streets. The [[heritage register|heritage-listed]] building, predominantly designed by [[New South Wales Government Architect|New South Wales Colonial Architect]] [[Mortimer Lewis]], was closed in 1914 and has subsequently been repurposed to house the [[National Art School]].<ref>((cite NSW SHR|2420101|Former East Sydney Technical College and Darlinghurst Gaol Including Buildings A|accessdate=22 November 2017))</ref>

==History==
[[Image:(1) National Art School gates.JPG|thumb|The imposing entrance to the gaol]]
[[Image:(1) National Art School (b).JPG|thumb|Grounds of the former gaol in 2011]]
Construction commenced with pegging out by [[Francis Greenway]] in 1821.<ref>((cite AHD|2198|Darlinghurst Gaol (former)|date=21 March 1978|accessdate=22 November 2017))</ref> The Darlinghurst Gaol wall began in 1822 and finished in 1824 using convict labour, but due to a lack of funds, the site sat empty for 12 years. Construction of the rest of the complex did not begin until 1836, with completion of some of the cell blocks in 1840. The gaol was ready for occupation a year later, with the first prisoners occupying the gaol on 7 June 1841.<ref>((cite book |title=Chronicle of Australia |date=1993 |publisher=Chronicle Australasia |location=Melbourne |isbn=1872031838 |page=253))</ref>

The gaol was finally completed in 1885. The main material used for construction of the gaol is Sydney sandstone, cut into large blocks by convicts. Convict markings on the blocks are visible along the upper half of the wall on Darlinghurst Road. A tall circular chapel stands in the middle of the site, around which are sited the six rectangular cellblocks in a radial fashion.

Australian poet [[Henry Lawson]] spent time incarcerated here during some of the turbulent years of his life and described the gaol as '''Starvinghurst Gaol''' due to meagre rations given to the inmates.  The site is now open to the public as The National Art School. The last hanging at the gaol was in 1907.<ref>[http://www.policensw.com/info/history/darlgaol.html NSW Police Website] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829034702/http://www.policensw.com/info/history/darlgaol.html |date=29 August 2007 ))</ref>

Hangings were open to public viewing throughout several decades. People would gather at the front gate of the gaol in Forbes Street, and the condemned would be brought out on a platform built above the gaol gate. The public executioner [[Alexander Green (executioner)|Alexander Green]] lived for a time in a hut outside the eastern wall of the gaol, would then leave his house to the jeers and catcalls of the gathering crowd, enter the prison and do his job. Seventy-six people were hanged at Darlinghurst Gaol, but most of them met their demise on the scaffold inside the gaol in a corner of E-wing. Among those who met their demise at the end of a rope were bushranger Andrew George Scott, better known as [[Captain Moonlite]], in 1880, and the last woman to be hanged in NSW, Louisa Collins, in 1889.<ref name=Collins/>

==Modern-day use==
The site was transferred in 1921 to the New South Wales Department of Education, which adapted the building for use as the East Sydney Technical College. The [[National Art School]] was established in 1922 and is now the sole occupant of the site.

The Darlinghurst Road side of the Gaol, (commonly known as "the wall") was for many years a popular place for male prostitutes to offer their services.

==Notable prisoners==
[[File:A928127h.jpg|thumb|Watercolour of the Gaol by inmate Henry Louis Bertrand, 1891]]
((more citations needed|section|date=November 2017))
* [[J. F. Archibald]] and [[John Haynes (journalist)|John Haynes]], co-founders of ''[[The Bulletin (Australian periodical)|The Bulletin]]''
* [[Clarke brothers|Thomas and John Clarke]]((spaced ndash))[[bushranger]]s from the upper Shoalhaven in south-east New South Wales, hanged on 25 June 1867.
* [[Louisa Collins]]<ref name=Collins>((cite court |litigants=R. v. Collins |vol= |reporter=Moreton Bay Courier |opinion= |pinpoint= |court=NSWSupC |date=8 December 1888 |url=http://www.law.mq.edu.au/research/colonial_case_law/nsw/cases/case_index/1888/r_v_collins/ |accessdate=7 May 2012 |quote=))</ref>((spaced ndash))the last woman to hang in New South Wales.
* [[George Dibbs|Sir George Dibbs]]((spaced ndash)) Colonial politician gaoled for a year in 1880 for slander relating to a widely reported adultery case. He was perceived by the electorate as the underdog, and his political popularity was restored.
* [[Albert Thomas Dryer]]((spaced ndash))medical doctor  and founder of the [[Irish National Association of Australasia]].
* [[John Dunn (bushranger)|John Dunn]]((spaced ndash))Australian bushranger, member of [[Ben Hall's gang]], hanged in the gaol on 19 March 1866.
* [[Frank Gardiner]]((spaced ndash))Australian bushranger and mastermind of the Forbes gold escort robbery at Eugowra on 15 June 1862 (sentenced to 32 years, but pardoned early).
* [[Jimmy Governor]]((spaced ndash))upon whom [[Thomas Keneally]] based his novel, ''[[The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith]]''.
* [[Henry Lawson]]((spaced ndash))Australian writer and poet.
* [[Henry James O'Farrell]]((spaced ndash))Irish Australian attempted political assassin.
* Andrew George Scott((spaced ndash))known as [[Captain Moonlite]], Irish-Australian bushranger.
* [[John Vane (bushranger)|John Vane]]<ref>((cite news |date= 20 March 1909| page = 13 |title=John Vane, Bushranger|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article155598192 |access-date=31 October 2014 ))</ref>((spaced ndash))a bushranger who was member of [[Ben Hall (bushranger)|Ben Hall]]'s gang.
* Charles Kilmeister, James Oates, Edward Foley, John Russell, John Johnstone, William Hawkins and James Parry – Executed for their roles in the [[Myall Creek massacre]] on 18 December 1838.
* George Duffy, Joseph Martin, William Boyce, and Robert Read – Executed for their roles in the [[Mount Rennie rape case]] on 7 January 1887.

==See also==
((Portal|Architecture))
*[[Punishment in Australia]]
*[[List of Australian psychiatric institutions]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==Further reading==
*((cite book |author=Beck, Deborah |title=Hope in Hell: a history of Darlinghurst Gaol and the National Art School |publisher=Allen and Unwin |year=2005 ))
*((cite book |author=Kerr, James Semple |title=Out of Sight, Out of Mind |work=S.H. Ervin Gallery |publisher=National Trust of Australia (NSW) |year=1988 |location=Sydney ))

==External links==
* [http://www.nas.edu.au National Art School] – The school occupying the site today
* [http://www.dictionaryofsydney.org/place/darlinghurst_gaol reference] and [http://www.dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/darlinghurst_gaol article] ([[CC-by-sa]]) in the [[Dictionary of Sydney]]
* [http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/discover_collections/history_nation/justice/establish/halls/halls.html State Library of New South Wales – Discover Collections – Halls of Justice]
* ((cite web | url = http://dictionaryofsydney.org/place/darlinghurst_gaol | title = Darlinghurst Gaol | access-date = 26 September 2015 | date = 2008 | work=[[Dictionary of Sydney]])) <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Creative Commons license|CC-By-SA]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>

((NewSouthWalesPrisons))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Defunct prisons in Sydney]]
[[Category:Government buildings completed in 1885]]
[[Category:Infrastructure completed in 1885]]
[[Category:Sandstone buildings in Australia]]
[[Category:Mortimer Lewis buildings]]
[[Category:Darlinghurst, New South Wales]]
[[Category:New South Wales State Heritage Register]]
[[Category:1841 establishments in Australia]]

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