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((distinguish|TDLS))
((Short description|Communications protocol))
'''Datagram Transport Layer Security''' ('''DTLS''') is a [[communications protocol]] providing [[communications security|security]] to [[datagram]]-based applications by allowing them to communicate in a way designed<ref name="RFC 4347">((cite IETF|rfc=4347|title=Datagram Transport Layer Security|first1=Eric|last1=Rescorla|first2=Nagendra|last2=Modadugu|date=April 2006))</ref><ref name="RFC 6347">((cite IETF|rfc=6347|title=Datagram Transport Layer Security Version 1.2|first1=Eric|last1=Rescorla|first2=Nagendra|last2=Modadugu|date=January 2012))</ref><ref name="RFC 9147">((cite IETF|rfc=9147|title=The Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) Protocol Version 1.3|date=April 2022))</ref> to prevent [[eavesdropping]], [[man in the middle attack|tampering]], or [[message forgery]]. The DTLS protocol is based on the [[Stream (computing)|stream]]-oriented [[Transport Layer Security]] (TLS) protocol and is intended to provide similar security guarantees. The DTLS protocol datagram preserves the semantics of the underlying transport—the application does not suffer from the delays associated with stream protocols, but because it uses [[User Datagram Protocol|UDP]] or [[Stream Control Transmission Protocol|SCTP]], the application has to deal with [[packet reordering]], loss of datagram and data larger than the size of a datagram [[network packet]]. Because DTLS uses UDP or SCTP rather than TCP, it avoids the "TCP meltdown problem",<ref>((cite web
| url=http://sites.inka.de/bigred/devel/tcp-tcp.html
| title=Why TCP Over TCP Is A Bad Idea
| first=Olaf
| last=Titz
| date=2001-04-23
| access-date=2015-10-17
| archive-date=2023-03-10
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310043036/http://sites.inka.de/bigred/devel/tcp-tcp.html
| url-status=bot: unknown
))</ref><ref>((cite conference
| bibcode=2005SPIE.6011..138H
| title=Understanding TCP over TCP: effects of TCP tunneling on end-to-end throughput and latency
|author1=Honda, Osamu |author2=Ohsaki, Hiroyuki |author3=Imase, Makoto |author4=Ishizuka, Mika |author5=Murayama, Junichi | s2cid=8945952
|book-title=Performance, Quality of Service, and Control of Next-Generation Communication and Sensor Networks III
| volume=6011
| date=October 2005
| doi=10.1117/12.630496
| citeseerx=10.1.1.78.5815
| editor1-last=Atiquzzaman
| editor1-first=Mohammed
| editor2-last=Balandin
| editor2-first=Sergey I
))</ref> when being used to create a VPN tunnel.

==Definition==
The following documents define DTLS:
* ((IETF RFC|9147|link=no)) for use with [[User Datagram Protocol]] (UDP),
* ((IETF RFC|5238|link=no)) for use with [[Datagram Congestion Control Protocol]] (DCCP),
* ((IETF RFC|5415|link=no)) for use with [[CAPWAP|Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points]] (CAPWAP),
* ((IETF RFC|6083|link=no)) for use with [[Stream Control Transmission Protocol]] (SCTP) encapsulation,
* ((IETF RFC|5764|link=no)) for use with [[Secure Real-time Transport Protocol]] (SRTP) subsequently called '''DTLS-SRTP''' in a draft with [[Secure Real-Time Transport Control Protocol]] (SRTCP).<ref>((cite web
| url=https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-peck-suiteb-dtls-srtp-02
| title=Suite B Profile for Datagram Transport Layer Security / Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (DTLS-SRTP)
| first1=M.
| last1=Peck
| first2=K.
| last2=Igoe
| date=2012-09-25
| publisher=[[IETF]]))</ref>

DTLS 1.0 is based on TLS 1.1, DTLS 1.2 is based on TLS 1.2, and DTLS 1.3 is based on TLS 1.3. There is no DTLS 1.1 because this version-number was skipped in order to harmonize version numbers with TLS.<ref name="RFC 6347"/> Like previous DTLS versions, DTLS 1.3 is intended to provide "equivalent security guarantees [to TLS 1.3] with the exception of order protection/non-replayability".<ref>((cite web | url=https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tls-dtls13/ | title=The Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) Protocol Version 1.3 ))</ref>

==Implementations==

===Libraries===
((Main article|Comparison of TLS implementations#Protocol support))
((More citations needed|section|date=September 2023|talk=Library support))
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
|+ Library support for DTLS
|-
! Implementation
! DTLS 1.0<ref name="RFC 4347"/>
! DTLS 1.2<ref name="RFC 6347"/>
! DTLS 1.3<ref name="RFC 9147"/>
|-
| [[Botan (programming library)|Botan]]
| ((yes))
| ((yes))
| 
|-
| [[cryptlib]]
| ((no))
| ((no))
| 
|-
| [[GnuTLS]]
| ((yes))
| ((yes))
| 
|-
| [[Java Secure Socket Extension]]
| ((yes))
| ((yes))
| 
|-
| [[LibreSSL]]
| ((yes))
| ((yes))<ref name=libressl-3.3.2-relnotes>((cite web | title = LibreSSL 3.3.2 Release Notes | url = https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/LibreSSL/libressl-3.3.2-relnotes.txt | publisher = The OpenBSD Project | date = 2021-05-01 | access-date = 2021-06-13))</ref>
| 
|-
| libsystools<ref>((cite web
| url=http://sourceforge.net/projects/libsystools/
| title=libsystools: A TLS/DTLS open source library for Windows/Linux using OpenSSL
| author=Julien Kauffmann
| publisher=[[SourceForge]]))</ref> || ((Yes)) || ((No))
| 
|-
| [[MatrixSSL]]
| ((yes))
| ((yes))
| 
|-
| [[mbed TLS]] (previously PolarSSL)
| ((yes))<ref name=mbedtls-2.0.0>((cite web | title = mbed TLS 2.0.0 released | url = https://tls.mbed.org/tech-updates/releases/mbedtls-2.0.0-released | publisher = ARM | date = 2015-07-13 | access-date = 2015-08-25))</ref>
| ((yes))<ref name=mbedtls-2.0.0/>
| 
|-
| [[Network Security Services]]
| ((yes))<ref name=NSS-3.14>((cite web|url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/NSS/NSS_3.14_release_notes|work=Mozilla Developer Network|title=NSS 3.14 release notes|publisher=Mozilla|access-date=2012-10-27|archive-date=2013-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117130029/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/NSS/NSS_3.14_release_notes|url-status=dead))</ref>
| ((yes))<ref name=NSS-3.16.2>((cite web| url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Projects/NSS/NSS_3.16.2_release_notes| title=NSS 3.16.2 release notes| date=2014-06-30| work=Mozilla Developer Network| publisher=Mozilla| access-date=2014-06-30| archive-date=2021-12-07| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207015257/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Projects/NSS/NSS_3.16.2_release_notes| url-status=dead))</ref>
| 
|-
| [[OpenSSL]]
| ((yes))
| ((yes))<ref name=OpenSSL-1.0.2>((cite web|url=https://www.openssl.org/news/openssl-1.0.2-notes.html|title=As of version 1.0.2|date=2015-01-22|work=The OpenSSL Project|publisher=The OpenSSL Project|access-date=2015-01-26|archive-date=2014-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904045720/http://www.openssl.org/news/openssl-1.0.2-notes.html|url-status=dead))</ref>
| 
|-
| PyDTLS<ref>((cite web
 | url=https://github.com/rbit/pydtls
 | title=pydtls - Datagram Transport Layer Security for Python
 | author=Ray Brown
 | publisher=[[GitHub]]))</ref><ref>((cite web
 | url=https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Dtls
 | title=DTLS for Python
 | author=Ray Brown
 | publisher=[[Python Software Foundation]]))</ref> || ((Yes)) || ((Yes))
| 
|-
| Python3-dtls<ref>((cite web
 | url=https://github.com/mobius-software-ltd/pyton3-dtls
 | title=pydtls - Datagram Transport Layer Security for Python
 | author=Ray Brown/Mobius Software LTD
 | publisher=[[GitHub]]))</ref><ref>((cite web
 | url=https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python3-dtls
 | title=DTLS for Python3 Based on PyDTLS
 | author=Ray Brown/Mobius Software LTD
 | publisher=[[Python Software Foundation]]))</ref> || ((Yes)) || ((Yes))
| 
|-
| [[RSA BSAFE]]
| ((no))
| ((no))
| 
|-
| [[s2n]]
| ((no))
| ((no))
| 
|-
| [[Schannel|Schannel XP/2003, Vista/2008]]
| ((no))
| ((no))
| 
|-
| [[Schannel|Schannel 7/2008R2, 8/2012, 8.1/2012R2, 10]]
| ((yes))<ref name=MS2574819>((cite web|title=An update is available that adds support for DTLS in Windows 7 SP1 and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1|url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2574819/en-us|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=13 November 2012))</ref>
| ((no))<ref name=MS2574819 />
| 
|-
|[[Schannel|Schannel 10 (1607), 2016]]
|((yes))
|((yes))<ref>((Cite web|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/security/tls/tls-schannel-ssp-changes-in-windows-10-and-windows-server#dtls-12|title=TLS (Schannel SSP) changes in Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016|last=Justinha|website=docs.microsoft.com|language=en-us|access-date=2017-09-01))</ref>
| 
|-
| Secure Transport OS X 10.2–10.7 / iOS 1–4
| ((no))
| ((no))
| 
|-
| Secure Transport OS X 10.8–10.10 / iOS 5–8
| ((yes))<ref>((cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/technotes/tn2287/|work=iOS Developer Library|title=Technical Note TN2287: iOS 5 and TLS 1.2 Interoperability Issues|publisher=Apple Inc.|access-date=2012-05-03))</ref>
| ((no))
| 
|-
| SharkSSL
| ((no))
| ((no))
| 
|-
| tinydtls <ref>((cite web | url=https://projects.eclipse.org/projects/iot.tinydtls | title=tinydtls  | author = Olaf Bergmann | publisher=[[Eclipse Foundation]]))</ref>
| ((no))
| ((yes))
| 
|-
| Waher.Security.DTLS <ref>((cite web | url=https://www.nuget.org/packages/Waher.Security.DTLS/ | title=Waher.Security.DTLS  | author = Peter Waher | publisher=[[Waher Data AB]]))</ref>
| ((no))
| ((yes))
| 
|-
| [[wolfSSL]] (previously CyaSSL)<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.wolfssl.com/products/wolfssl/|title=wolfSSL Embedded SSL/TLS Library))</ref>
| ((yes))
| ((yes))
| ((yes))
|-
| @nodertc/dtls <ref>((cite web | url=https://github.com/nodertc/dtls | title=Secure UDP communications using DTLS in pure js | author = Dmitriy Tsvettsikh | publisher=[[GitHub]]))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=https://www.npmjs.com/package/@nodertc/dtls | title=DTLS in pure js | author = Dmitriy Tsvettsikh | publisher=[[Npm (software)|npm]]))</ref>
| ((no))
| ((yes))
| 
|-
|java-dtls<ref>((cite web | url=https://github.com/mobius-software-ltd/java-dtls | title=Non blocking Java DTLS Implementation based on BouncyCastle and Netty | author = Mobius Software LTD | publisher=[[Mobius Software LTD]]))</ref>
| ((yes))
| ((yes))
| 
|-
| pion/dtls<ref>((cite web
 | url=https://github.com/pion/dtls
 | title=pion/dtls: DTLS 1.2 Server/Client implementation for Go
 | author=Sean DuBois
 | publisher=[[GitHub]]))</ref> (Go) || ((no)) || ((Yes))
| 
|-
| californium/scandium<ref>((cite web
 | url=https://github.com/eclipse/californium
 | title=californium/scandium: DTLS 1.2 Server/Client implementation for java and coap. Includes connection id extension.
 | publisher=[[Eclipse Foundation]]))</ref> (Java) || ((no)) || ((Yes))
| 
|-
| SNF4J<ref>((cite web
 | url=https://github.com/snf4j/snf4j
 | title=Simple Network Framework for Java (SNF4J).
 | author=SNF4J.ORG
 | publisher=[[GitHub]]))</ref> (Java) || ((Yes)) || ((Yes))
| 
|-
|-class="sortbottom"
! Implementation
! DTLS 1.0
! DTLS 1.2
! DTLS 1.3
|}

===Applications===
* [[Cisco Systems|Cisco]] [[AnyConnect]] VPN Client uses TLS and invented DTLS based VPN.<ref>((cite web
| url=http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security/anyconnect-secure-mobility-client/116312-qanda-anyconnect-00.html
| title=AnyConnect FAQ: tunnels, reconnect behavior, and the inactivity timer
| publisher=[[Cisco]] |access-date=26 February 2017))</ref> 
* [[OpenConnect]] is an open source AnyConnect-compatible client and [[ocserv]] server that supports (D)TLS.<ref>((cite web
| url=https://www.infradead.org/openconnect/
| title=OpenConnect
| publisher=[[OpenConnect]] |access-date=26 February 2017))</ref> 
* Cisco InterCloud Fabric uses DTLS to form a tunnel between private and public/provider compute environments.<ref>((cite web
| url=http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/solutions/Hybrid_Cloud/Intercloud/Intercloud_Fabric/Intercloud_Fabric_2.pdf
| title=Cisco InterCloud Architectural Overview
| publisher=[[Cisco Systems]]))</ref>
* [[Zscaler|ZScaler]] tunnel 2.0 uses DTLS for tunneling.<ref>((cite web
| url=https://help.zscaler.com/z-app/about-z-tunnel-1.0-z-tunnel-2.0
| title=ZScaler ZTNA 2.0 Tunnel
| publisher=[[ZScaler]]))</ref>
* F5 Networks [[F5 Networks#BIG-IP product modules|Edge VPN Client]] uses TLS and DTLS.<ref>((cite web
| url=https://f5.com/glossary/datagram-transport-layer-security-dtls
| title=f5 Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)
| publisher=[[f5 Networks]]))</ref>
* Citrix Systems [[Citrix Systems#Networking and cloud|NetScaler]] uses DTLS to secure UDP.<ref>((cite web
| url=http://docs.citrix.com/en-us/netscaler/11/traffic-management/ssl/config-ssloffloading/config-dtls-vserver.html
| title=Configuring a DTLS Virtual Server
| publisher=[[Citrix Systems]]))</ref>
* Web browsers: [[Google Chrome]], [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] and [[Firefox]] support DTLS-SRTP<ref>((cite web
 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/webrtc/interop
 |title=WebRTC Interop Notes
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511043959/https://sites.google.com/site/webrtc/interop
 |archive-date=2013-05-11
))</ref> for [[WebRTC]]. Firefox 86 and onward does not support DTLS 1.0.<ref>((Cite web|date=2021-02-23|title=Firefox 86.0, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes|url=https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/86.0/releasenotes/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-23|website=Mozilla|language=en|quote=From Firefox 86 onward, DTLS 1.0 is no longer supported for establishing WebRTC's PeerConnections. All WebRTC services need to support DTLS 1.2 from now on as the minimum version.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222150939/https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/86.0/releasenotes/ |archive-date=2021-02-22 ))</ref>
* [[Remote Desktop Protocol]] 8.0 and onwards.

==Vulnerabilities==
In February 2013 two researchers from Royal Holloway, University of London discovered a timing attack<ref name="praad-tls">((Cite web|url=http://www.isg.rhul.ac.uk/~kp/dtls.pdf|title=Plaintext-Recovery Attacks Against Datagram TLS))</ref> which allowed them to recover (parts of the) plaintext from a DTLS connection using the OpenSSL or GnuTLS implementation of DTLS when [[Cipher Block Chaining]] mode encryption was used.

==See also==
((Portal|Internet))
* [[ZRTP]]
* [[Reliable User Datagram Protocol]]
* [[QUIC]]
* [[WireGuard]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
* ((cite web| url=https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/tls/charter/| title=Transport Layer Security (tls) - Charter| publisher=[[IETF]]))
* ((cite web| url=https://crypto.stanford.edu/~nagendra/papers/dtls.pdf| title=The Design and Implementation of Datagram TLS| first1=Nagendra| last1=Modadugu| first2=Eric| last2=Rescorla| date=2003-11-21| publisher=[[Stanford]] Crypto Group| access-date=2013-03-17))
* ((cite web| url=http://www.isg.rhul.ac.uk/~kp/dtls.pdf| title=Plaintext-Recovery Attacks Against Datagram TLS| first1=Nadhem J.| last1=AlFardan| first2= Kenneth G.| last2=Paterson| access-date=2013-11-25))
* ((cite web| url=http://twit.tv/show/security-now/380| title=Datagram Transport Layer Security| first1=Steve| last1=Gibson| first2=Leo| last2=Laporte| date=2012-11-28| work=Security Now 380| access-date=2013-03-17)) Skip to 1:07:14.
* Robin Seggelmann's [https://web.archive.org/web/20130924041727/http://sctp.fh-muenster.de/dtls-samples.html Sample Code]: echo, character generator, and discard client/servers.
* [https://dtls.xargs.org/ The Illustrated DTLS Connection]

((SSL/TLS))
((VPN))

[[Category:Cryptographic protocols]]
[[Category:Session layer protocols]]
[[Category:Transport Layer Security]]
[[Category:Virtual private networks]]

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