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((short description|Mostly 20th-century independence of Asian countries from Western European powers))
((More citations needed|date=February 2020))
((Use British English|date=November 2022))
((Use dmy dates|date=November 2022))

The '''decolonisation of Asia''' was the gradual growth of [[independence movement]]s in [[Asia]], leading ultimately to the retreat of foreign powers and the creation of several nation-states in the region.

== Background ==
((Main|Western imperialism in Asia))

The decline of Spain and Portugal in the 17th century paved the way for other European powers, namely the Netherlands, France and England. Portugal would lose influence in all but three of its colonies, [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Macau|Macau]] and [[Portuguese Timor|Timor]].

By the end of the 17th century, the Dutch had taken over much of the old Portuguese colonies, and had established a strong presence in present-day Indonesia, with colonies in [[Aceh]], [[Banten (town)|Bantam]], [[Makassar]] and [[Jakarta]]. The Dutch also had trade links with [[Siam]], Japan, China and [[Bengal]].

The British had competed with Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch for their interests in Asia since the early 17th century and by the mid-19th century held much of India (via the [[British East India Company]]), as well as [[Burma]], [[Ceylon]], [[British Malaya|Malaya]] and [[Singapore]]. After [[The Indian Rebellion of 1857]], [[Queen Victoria]] was declared Empress of India, thus solidifying the British rule on the subcontinent. The last British acquisition in Asia was the [[New Territories]] of Hong Kong, which was leased from the [[Qing]] emperor in 1897, expanding the British colony originally ceded in the [[Treaty of Nanking]] in 1842.

The French had little success in India following defeats against the British in the 17th century, though they held onto possessions on the east coast of India (such as [[Pondicherry]] and [[Mahar]]) until decolonisation. The French established their most lucrative and substantial colony in Indochina in 1862, eventually occupying the present-day areas of [[Vietnam]], [[Laos]] and [[Cambodia]] by 1887.

Japan's first colony was the [[island of Taiwan]], occupied in 1874 and officially [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|ceded]] by the [[Qing]] emperor in 1894. Japan continued its early imperialism with the [[Korea under Japanese rule|annexation of Korea]] in 1910.

The United States entered the region in 1898 during the [[Spanish–American War]], taking the [[Philippines]] as its sole colony after a [[Battle of Manila (1899)|mock battle in the capital]] and the later formal acquisition of the Philippines from Spain through the 1898 [[Treaty of Paris (1898)|Treaty of Paris]].

== Asian colonies from the 17th century to the end of World War II ==
The following list shows the colonial powers following the end of [[World War II]] in 1945, their colonial or administrative possessions and the date of decolonization.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/history/former-trust-and-nsgts|title=List of former Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories &#124; the United Nations and Decolonization))</ref>

((Div col))
*((flagdeco|China|1889))/((flagdeco|China|1912))/((flagdeco|China|1928))/((flag|China)):
**''((flag|Tibet)) (1912)''
**((flagdeco|ROC)) ''[[Chinese Soviet Republic|Jiangxi Soviet]]'' (1931)
**((flagdeco|ROC)) ''[[Fujian People's Government|Fujian]]'' (1933)
**((flagcountry|Mongolian People's Republic)) (1924/1946)
**((PRC)) (1949)
<!--See Taiwan section-->
*((flag|France)):
**((flag|North Vietnam)) (1945)
**((flag|Lebanon)) (1946)
**((flag|Syria|1932)) (1946)
**((flagdeco|Cambodia)) [[Cambodia (1953–1970)|Cambodia]] (1953)
**((flagcountry|Kingdom of Laos)) (1953)
**((flagdeco|India)) ''[[French India]]'' (1954)
**((flag|South Vietnam)) (1948)
*((flag|Indonesia))
**((flag|East Timor)) (1999/2002)
*((flag|Japan)):
**((flagdeco|China|1928)) ''Manchuria ([[Manchukuo]]), Northern China'' (1945/1946)
**((flag|Second Philippine Republic|Philippines)) (1945/1946)
**((flagcountry|Union of Burma)) (1945/1948)
**((flag|North Korea|1948)) (1945/1948)
**((flag|South Korea|1948)) (1945/1948)
**((flagdeco|ROC)) [[Taiwan Province|Taiwan and Penghu]] (1945/1952)
*((flag|Malaysia))
**((flag|Singapore)) (1965)
*((flag|Netherlands)):
**((flag|Taiwan)) (1642)
**((flagdeco|Malaysia)) [[Dutch Malacca]] (1825)
**((flag|Indonesia)) (1945/1949)
**((flagdeco|United Nations)) ''[[Dutch New Guinea]]'' (1962)
*((flag|Portugal)):
**((flagdeco|India)) ''[[Portuguese India]]'' (1961)
**((flag|East Timor)) (1975/2002)
**''((flag|Macau))'' (1999)
*((flag|Soviet Union)) (((flag|Russian Empire)) prior to 1917/1922)
**((flagcountry|Mongolian People's Republic)) (1924)
**((flagdeco|China|1928)) ''Manchuria ([[Manchukuo]]), Northern China'' (1946)
**((flag|North Korea|1948)) (1948)
**((flag|Kyrgyzstan|1991)) (1991)
**((flag|Uzbekistan)) (1991)
**((flag|Tajikistan|1991)) (1991)
**((flag|Turkmenistan|1991)) (1991)
**((flag|Kazakhstan|1991)) (1991)
*((flag|Spain)):
**((flag|Taiwan)) (1662)
**((flag|First Philippine Republic|Philippines)) (1898)
*((flag|Turkey))
**((flagcountry|Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen)) (later became the ((flag|North Yemen)) in 1962) (1918)
*((flag|United Kingdom)):
**((flagcountry|Emirate of Afghanistan)) (1919)
**((flag|Bangladesh)) (1947) (1971)
**((flagcountry|Kingdom of Egypt)) (1922)
**((flagcountry|Kingdom of Iraq)) (1932)
**((flag|Jordan)) (1946)
**((flagcountry|Dominion of Pakistan)) (1947)
**((flagcountry|Dominion of India)) (1947)
**((flagcountry|Union of Burma)) (1948)
**((flagcountry|Dominion of Ceylon)) (1948)
**((flag|Israel)) (1948)
**((flag|Malaya)) (1957)
**((flag|Cyprus|1960)) (1960)
**((flag|Kuwait)) (1961)
**((flagdeco|Malaysia)) ''[[Sabah|Sabah (North Borneo)]]'' (1963)
**((flagdeco|Malaysia)) ''[[Sarawak]]'' (1963)
**((flag|Maldives)) (1965)
**((flag|Singapore)) (1965)
**((flag|South Yemen)) (1967)
**((flag|Oman|1970)) (1970)
**((flag|Bahrain|1972)) (1971)
**((flag|Qatar)) (1971)
**((flag|United Arab Emirates)) (1971)
**((flag|Brunei)) (1984)
**''((flag|Hong Kong))'' (1997)
*((flag|United States)):
**((flagcountry|Third Philippine Republic)) (1946)
**((flag|South Korea)) (1948)
**((flag|Federated States of Micronesia)) (1986)
**((flag|Palau)) (1994)
((Div col end))

== Individual countries ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="" style="font-size:90%;"
!Country
!Date of acquisition of sovereignty
!Acquisition of sovereignty
|-
|'''((flagicon|Islamic Republic of Afghanistan))/((flag|Afghanistan))'''
|1919
|[[Treaty of Rawalpindi]] ends British control of foreign policy
|-
|'''((flag|Bahrain))'''
|((dts|15-08-1971))
|[[History of Bahrain#Independent Bahrain|End of treaties with]] the [[United Kingdom]]
|-
|'''((flag|Bangladesh))'''
|((dts|26-03-1971))
| [[Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence|Independence from Pakistan declared]]
|-
|-
|'''((flag|Bhutan))'''
|((dts|1885))
|[[Ugyen Wangchuck]] ends a period of civil war and unites Bhutan
|-
|'''((flag|Brunei))'''
|((dts|01-01-1984))
| Brunei regains its independence after an agreement with the British on 4 January 1979
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''((flag|Cambodia))'''
|((dts|09-09-1953))
|[[France]] grants Cambodia independence
|-
|((dts|26-09-1989))
|Becomes free from [[Cambodia under Vietnamese occupation (1979–1989)|Vietnamese occupation]]; it gets back its name instead of the [[People's Republic of Kampuchea]]
|-
|((nowrap|'''((flagdeco|ROC))/((flagdeco|PRC)) [[China]]'''))
|((dts|221|||BC))
| In 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang conquered the various warring states and created for himself the title of Huangdi or "emperor" of the Qin, marking the beginning of imperial China.
|-
|'''((flag|India))'''
|((dts|15-08-1947))
|Independence from the [[British Empire]]
|-
|'''((flag|Indonesia))'''
|((dts|27-12-1949))
|Independence from the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] following their unilateral [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence]] on 17 August 1945 and subsequent [[Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference]] in [[The Hague]].
|-
|'''((flag|Iran))'''
|((dts|609|||BC))
|After the fall of Assyria between 616 BC and 609 BC, a unified Median state was formed, which together with Babylonia, Lydia, and ancient Egypt became one of the four major powers of the ancient Near East.
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''((flag|Iraq))'''
|((dts|762))
|The [[Abbasid Caliphate]] built the city of [[Baghdad]] along the Tigris in the 8th century as its capital, and the city became the leading metropolis of the [[Arab world|Arab]] and [[Muslim world]] for five centuries
|-
|((dts|03-10-1932))
|[[Kingdom of Iraq]]
|-
|'''((flag|Israel))'''
|((dts|14-05-1948))
|Upon the end of the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate]], Jews [[Israeli Declaration of Independence|declared independence]], forming the [[State of Israel]];  the remainder of Palestine came under control of Egypt ([[Gaza Strip]]) and [[Jordan|Transjordan]] ([[West Bank]])
|-
|'''((flag|Japan))'''
|[[4th century|4th century CE]]
|During the subsequent [[Kofun period]], most of Japan gradually unified under a single kingdom
|-
|'''((flag|Jordan))'''
|((dts|25-05-1946))
| End of the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate for Palestine]]
|-
|'''((flag|Kuwait))'''
|((dts|1752))
|Establishment of the [[Sheikhdom of Kuwait]]
|-
|'''((flag|Kyrgyzstan))'''
|((dts|31-08-1991))
|Independence from the Soviet Union
|-
|'''((flag|Laos))'''
|((dts|22-10-1953))
|Independence from France
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''((flag|Lebanon))'''
|((dts|26-11-1941))
|Independence from France declared
|-
|((dts|22-11-1943))
|Independence from France recognised
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''((flag|Malaysia))'''
|((dts|31-08-1957))
|[[Merdeka Day|Malayan independence]] from the United Kingdom was declared in [[Dataran Merdeka]] (Independence Square)
|-
|((dts|16-09-1963))
|[[Malaysia]] was formed by the federation of [[Crown Colony of North Borneo|North Borneo]], [[Crown Colony of Sarawak|Sarawak]] and [[Singapore]] with the existing States of the [[Federation of Malaya]].
|-
|'''((flag|Maldives))'''
|((dts|26-07-1965))
|Independence from the United Kingdom
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''((flag|Mongolia))'''
|((dts|1206))
|[[Mongol Empire]] formed
|-
|((dts|29-12-1911))
|Proclamation of Mongolian independence from [[Manchu people|Manchu's]] [[Qing dynasty]]
|-
|'''((flag|Myanmar))'''
|((dts|04-01-1948))
|Myanmar (Burma) declares independence from the [[British Empire]]
|-
|'''((flag|Nepal))'''
|((dts|25-09-1768))
|[[Unification of Nepal|Nepali unification]]
|-
|'''((flag|Oman))'''
|((dts|26-01-1650))
| Expulsion of the [[Portuguese Army]] from Oman
|-
|'''((flag|Pakistan))'''
|((dts|14-08-1947))
| Independence from [[British India]] in [[Partition of India|the Partition]]
|-
|((nowrap begin))'''((flag|Palestine))'''((nowrap end))
|((dts|15-11-1988))
|[[Palestinian Declaration of Independence]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |((nowrap begin))'''((flag|Philippines))'''((nowrap end))
|((dts|12-06-1898))
|The [[History of the Philippines (1762–1898)#The Spanish–American War|evolving revolutionary movement]] in Philippine revolutionaries [[Philippine Declaration of Independence|declared]] independence from the [[Spanish Empire]] but sovereignty remained with Spain, which ceded the country to the United States.
|-
|((dts|04-07-1946))
|The United States recognises independence under the provisions of the [[Treaty of Manila (1946)]]. The [[Philippine Commonwealth Constitution|1935 Constitution]] remained in effect until 1973, when the [[Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos]] regime promulgated [[Constitution of the Philippines#Fourth Republic (1973)|a newer one]], in turn, replaced by the present [[1987 Constitution]].
|-
|'''((flag|Qatar))'''
|((dts|18-12-1878))
|Independence from the Ottoman Empire
|-
|'''((flag|Saudi Arabia))'''
|((dts|1744))
|Establishment of the First Saudi State 
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''((flag|Singapore))'''
|((dts|03-06-1959))
|Self-government under the United Kingdom
|-
|((dts|09-08-1965))
|[[Malaysia]] unilaterally expels Singapore from the federation of Malaysian states, creating an independent Singaporean state
|-
|'''((flag|Sri Lanka))'''
|((dts|04-02-1948))
| Independence from the United Kingdom
|-
|'''((flag|Syria))'''
|((dts|28-09-1961))
| End of the [[United Arab Republic]]
|-
|'''((flag|Tajikistan))'''
|((dts|09-09-1991))
|Independence from the Soviet Union
|-
|'''((flag|Thailand))'''
|((dts|06-11-1767))
|[[King Taksin|King Taksin the Great]] reunifies Thailand, establishing a [[Thonburi Kingdom|new kingdom]] and repelling Burmese invasions
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''((flag|Timor-Leste))'''
|((dts|28-11-1975))
|East Timor declares its independence but was [[Indonesian invasion of East Timor|occupied by Indonesia]]
|-
|((dts|20-05-2002))
|Independence was recognised by the international community following the [[United Nations|UN]]-sponsored act of self-determination of 1999
|-
| nowrap="" |'''((flag|Turkmenistan))'''
|((dts|27-10-1991))
|Independence from the Soviet Union
|-
|'''((flag|United Arab Emirates))'''
|((dts|02-12-1971))
|End of a treaty relationship with the United Kingdom
|-
|'''((flag|Uzbekistan))'''
|((dts|31-08-1991))
|Independence from the Soviet Union declared
|-
|'''((flag|Vietnam))'''
|((dts|2524|||BC))
| [[Hùng king]] established [[Van Lang]], the first kingdom of Vietnam
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''((flag|Yemen))'''
|((dts|01-11-1918))
|Independence of [[Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen|North Yemen]] from the [[Turkish Empire]]
|-
|((dts|30-11-1967))
|Independence of [[South Yemen]] from the [[United Kingdom]]
|- class=sortbottom
|scope=row colspan=3 |((center|'''Table notes'''))
'''Burma'''

''See [[Burma#Colonial era (1886–1948)|Burma's colonial era]].''

Burma was almost completely occupied by the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] during the Second World War. Many Burmese fought alongside Japan in the initial stages of the war, though the Burmese Army and most Burmese switched sides in 1945.

A transitional government sponsored by the British government was formed in the years following the Second World War, ultimately leading to Burma's independence in January 1948.

'''Cambodia'''

''See [[Cambodia#Independence and Vietnam War|Cambodia's path to independence]].''

Following the capitulation of France and the formation of the [[Vichy regime]], France's Indochinese possessions were given to Japan. While there was some argument that Indochina should not be returned to France, particularly from the United States, Cambodia nevertheless remained under French rule after the end of hostilities.

France had placed [[Norodom Sihanouk]] on the throne in 1941 and was hoping for a puppet monarch. They were mistaken. However, the King led the way to Cambodian independence in 1953, taking advantage of the background of the [[First Indochina War]] being fought in [[Vietnam]].

'''Ceylon'''

''See [[Sri Lanka#Independence|Ceylon independence]].''

Ceylon was an important base of operations for the [[Allies of World War II|Western Allies]] during the Second World War. The British gave in to popular pressure for independence and in February 1948, the country won its independence as the [[Dominion of Ceylon]].

'''China'''

For some clarification and more detail including the sovereignty status of the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]], see the following articles: [[History of China]], [[Cross-Strait relations]], [[One-China policy]] and [[Political status of Taiwan]]. Hong Kong was returned to the United Kingdom following its [[Japanese occupation of Hong Kong|occupation by the Japanese]] during the Second World War.<ref>((cite news|work=New York Times|title=HONG KONG HARBOR IN HANDS OF BRITISH; Fleet Speeds Reoccupation-- Wedemeyer Sees U.S. Men Out of China by Spring|date=1945-08-31|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1945/08/31/88287762.html?pageNumber=4|agency=Associated Press|access-date=2017-05-29))</ref> It was controlled directly by a British governor until the expiry of the ninety-nine-year lease of the [[New Territories]], which occurred in 1997. From that date, the territory was returned to [[China|People's Republic of China]] and controlled as a [[Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China]].

'''Philippines'''

((main article|Sovereignty of the Philippines))

[[Philippine Revolution|Philippine revolutionaries]] unilaterraly [[Philippine Declaration of Independence|declared independence]] from Spain in 1898, during the [[Spanish–American War]], but sovereignty remained with Spain. Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States in the 1898 [[Treaty of Paris (1898)|Treaty of Paris]] that concluded that war. In 1899, Philippine revolutionaries established the insurgent [[First Philippine Republic]]. Shortly thereafter, the [[Philippine–American War]] began, ending in 1901 with a U.S. victory, though isolated fighting continued for several years thereafter.

In 1902, the Philippines became a [[Territories of the United States#Former unincorporated territories|U.S. territory]] with the passage of the [[Philippine Organic Act (1902)|Philippine Organic Act]], later becoming a [[Commonwealth of the Philippines|U.S. Commonwealth]] in 1936. It was [[Japanese occupation of the Philippines|occupied by the Japanese]] during the Second World War. In 1943, with Japan granting it a short-lived nominal independence. In 1944, the [[Philippines campaign (1944–1945)|Allied invasion of the Philippines]] by combined U.S. and Filipino troops began, which resulted in Americans and Filipinos regaining full control of the nation. In 1946, the United States recognised Philippine independence in the 1946 [[Treaty of Manila (1946)|Treaty of Manila]].
|}

== Timeline ==
The "colonial power" and "colonial name" columns are merged when required to denote territories, where current countries are established, that have not been decolonised but achieved independence in different ways.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1em auto; font-size: 95%" width="" align=center
|- style="font-weight:bold" valign="bottom"
! width="93.75" Height="11.25" | Country and Region((efn|Timeline list arranged according to current countries. Explanatory notes are added in cases where decolonisation was achieved jointly or where the current state is formed by a merger of previously decolonised states. Former [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Soviet republics]] ([[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]]), as well as [[Kuwait Governorate|Kuwait under Iraqi rule]] are excluded from this list, as they were not administered as colonies. Countries like [[Bhutan]], [[China]], [[Iran]], and [[Japan]] are also excluded, as they were able to maintain their sovereignty despite encroachment by the Western colonial powers.))
! width="93.75" | Colonial name
! width="92.25" | Colonial power((efn|Some territories changed hands multiple times, so in the list is mentioned the last colonial power. In addition to it, the mandatory or trustee powers are mentioned for territories that were [[League of Nations mandate]]s and [[United Nations trust territories]].))
! width="79.5" | Independence declared and/or achieved((efn|A declaration of independence des not necessarily equate with achievement of independence. However, as of 2023, this date is presented as a date of decolonisation in this article even if the [[polity]] declaring independence did not achieve independence. Dates for territories annexed by or integrated into previously decolonised independent countries are given in separate notes. Subsequent [[Merger (politics)|mergers]], [[secession]]s and [[civil war|civil]] and other wars in the period after decolonisation and the resulting states and federations are not part of this list and are only noted- see the [[list of sovereign states by formation date]]. Date when a commonwealth realm abolished its monarchy is noted. Any discrepancies between dates listed here and public holidays celebrating the country's independence (and whether the date listed is celebrated as a holiday at all) are noted, as well as the national day if the country does not have an independence day.))
! width="105.75" | First head of state((efn|For countries that became independent either as a [[Commonwealth realm]] or as a parliamentary republic the head of government is listed instead.))
! width="93.75" | Independence won through
|-
 | rowspan="3"| ((Flag|Philippines))
 | ((Flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg)) [[Spanish East Indies]]
 | ((Flag|Spain))
 | ((dts|12 June 1898)) declared
 | [[Emilio Aguinaldo]]
 | [[Philippine Revolution]] ((efn|In the 1896-19 period there were the [[Philippine Revolution]] and [[Philippine–American War]]. Before the American invasion and annexation, the country declared independence from Spain in 1898 nut sovereignty remained with Spain, which [[Treaty of Manila (1898)|ceded the country to the United States]].))
|-
 | ((Flag|Philippines))
 |((Flag|Empire of Japan)) <br /> ((Flag|United States))
 | ((dts|4 July 1946))
 | [[Manuel Roxas]]
 | [[World War II]]
|-
 | [[Republic of the Philippines]]
 | ((flag|United States))
 | ((dts|4 July 1946)) achieved
 | [[Manuel Roxas]]
 | [[Treaty of Manila (1946)]]
|-
 | rowspan="2" | ((Flag|Yemen))((efn|[[Yemen Arab Republic|North Yemen]] and [[South Yemen]] were [[Yemeni unification|unified]] into the [[Republic of Yemen]] on 22 May 1990.))
 | ((flag|Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen))
 | ((Flag|Ottoman Empire))
 | ((dts|1 November 1918))
 | [[Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din|Yahya I]]
 | [[World War I]]
|-
 | ((flag|Aden|name=Colony)) and [[Aden Protectorate|Protectorate]] of Aden
 | ((Flag|British Empire))
 | ((dts|30 November 1967))
 | [[Qahtan Mohammed al-Shaabi]]
 | [[Aden Emergency]]
|-
 | ((Flag|Afghanistan))
 | ((Flag|Emirate of Afghanistan))
 | rowspan="3" | ((Flag|British Empire))
 | ((dts|19 August 1919))
 | [[Amanullah Khan]]
 | [[Third Anglo-Afghan War]]
|-
 | ((Flag|Egypt))((efn|As the [[Kingdom of Egypt]]. Transcontinental country, partially located in Africa.))
 | ((Flagicon image|Flag of Egypt (1882-1922).svg)) [[Sultanate of Egypt]]
 | ((dts|28 February 1922))((efn|Not celebrated as a holiday. On 28 February 1922 the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] government issued the [[Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence]]. Through this declaration, the British government unilaterally ended its protectorate over Egypt and granted it nominal independence except four "reserved" areas: foreign relations, communications, the military and the [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]].<ref>((cite book |last=King |first=Joan Wucher |title=Historical Dictionary of Egypt |series=Books of Lasting Value |year=1989 |orig-year=First published 1984 |publisher=[[AUC Press|American University in Cairo Press]] |isbn=978-977-424-213-7 |pages=259–260))</ref> The [[Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936]] reduced British involvement, but still was not welcomed by Egyptian nationalists, who wanted full independence from Britain, which was not achieved until [[Egyptian revolution of 1952|23 July 1952]]. The last British troops left Egypt after the [[Suez Crisis]] of 1956. For this, the 23 July date, celebrated as Revolution Day, serves as Egypt's national day.))
 | [[Fuad I of Egypt|Fuad I]]((efn|Although the leaders of the 1952 revolution ([[Mohammed Naguib]] and [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]) became the ''de facto'' leaders of Egypt, neither would assume office until 17 September of that year when Naguib became Prime Minister, succeeding [[Aly Maher Pasha]] who was sworn in on the day of the revolution. Nasser would succeed Naguib as Prime Minister on 25 February 1954.))
 | [[Egyptian revolution of 1919]]
|-
 | ((Flag|Iraq))
 | ((Flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (1924–1959).svg)) [[Mandatory Iraq]]
 | ((dts|3 October 1932))((efn|Celebrated as National Day. (While Iraq does not have a holiday called Independence Day, National Day is celebrated as such).))
 | [[Faisal I of Iraq]]
 | -((efn|The [[Iraqi revolt against the British]] was an armed uprising that failed to prevent the incoming British colonisation.))
|-
 | ((Flag|Lebanon))
 | ((Flagicon image|Lebanese French flag.svg)) [[Greater Lebanon]]
 | rowspan="2" | ((Flag|France))
 | ((dts|22 November 1943))
 | [[Bechara El Khoury]]((efn|[[Riad Al Solh]] was Prime Minister on the date of independence.))
 | –
|-
| ((Flag|Syria))
 | ((Flagicon image|Flag of the French Mandate of Syria (1920).svg)) [[French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon|Mandate of Syria]]
 | ((dts|30 November 1943))
 | [[Shukri al-Quwatli]]
 | [[Great Syrian Revolt|Syrian Revolution]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | ((Flag|Indonesia))((efn|Transcontinental country, partially located in Oceania.))
 | ((Flag|Dutch East Indies))
 | ((Flag|Netherlands))
 | ((dts|17 August 1945))
| ((dts|rowspan="2")) | [[Sukarno]]
| rowspan="2"  | [[Indonesian National Revolution]]
|-
 | ((Flag|Empire of Japan))
 | ((Flag|Japan))
 | ((dts|27 December 1949))((efn|Not celebrated as a holiday. [[Netherlands New Guinea]] was separated from the Dutch East Indies on 29 December 1949. Following skirmishes with Indonesia in 1961 and the [[New York Agreement]], the Netherlands transferred the authority of Dutch New Guinea to a [[United Nations Temporary Executive Authority|UN protectorate]] on 1 October 1962 and it was integrated into Indonesia on 1 May 1963. The date 17 August 1945 (when [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|Sukarno formally proclaimed Indonesia's independence]]) is celebrated as Indonesia's date of independence.))
|-
 |((Flag|Vietnam))((efn|The [[North Vietnam|Democratic Republic of Vietnam]] proclaimed independence on 2 September 1945 as the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The [[State of Vietnam]] declared independence on 14 June 1949 but remained de facto under French rule until 1 August 1954. [[South Vietnam]] was the successor state to the State of Vietnam under the name of the Republic of Vietnam. Both parts of Vietnam merged into the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 30 April 1975, after the [[Vietnam War]].))
 | ((Flag|French Indochina)) ((Flag|Empire of Japan))
 | ((Flag|France))<br /> ((Flag|Japan))
| ((dts|2 September 1945))
 |[[Ho Chi Minh|Hồ Chí Minh]]
 |[[August Revolution]]
|-
| ((Flag|Jordan))
 | ((Flagdeco|Transjordan)) [[Emirate of Transjordan]]
 | ((Flag|British Empire))
 | ((dts|25 May 1946))
 | [[Abdullah I of Jordan|Abdullah I]]
|-
 | ((Flag|Pakistan))((efn|As the [[Dominion of Pakistan]].))
 | rowspan="3" | ((flagcountry|British Raj))
 | rowspan="7" | ((Flag|British Empire))
 | ((dts|14 August 1947))
 | [[Liaquat Ali Khan]]((efn|[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] became [[Governor-General of Pakistan]] upon independence.))
 | rowspan="2" | -((efn|See [[Pakistan Movement]].))
|-
 | ((Flag|Bangladesh))<br /><small>[[East Pakistan|as part]] of ((flag|Pakistan))</small>
 | ((dts|14 August 1947))((efn|Not celebrated as a holiday. On 16 December 1971, [[Bangladesh Liberation War|after months of fighting]] starting from 26 March of that year, Bangladesh formally seceded from Pakistan. The 26 March date is celebrated as Bangladesh's date of independence.))
 | [[Liaquat Ali Khan]]((efn|[[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] was the President on the date of Bangladesh's secession.))
|-
 | ((Flag|India))((efn|As the [[Dominion of India]].))
 | 15 August 1947((efn|Subsequently, a free and sovereign India unilaterally annexed [[Hyderabad State]] from [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]] in 1948 and [[Goa]] from Portugal in 1961; [[French India|Puducherry]] was ceded by France in 1954. On 26 January 1950, India [[Republic Day (India)|formally abolished]] its Commonwealth monarchy and became a republic.))
 | [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]((efn|Remained Prime Minister when India abolished it monarchy. [[Rajendra Prasad]] became President upon abolition.))
 | [[Indian independence movement]]
|-
 | rowspan="2" | ((Flag|Myanmar))((efn|As the [[Post-independence Burma, 1948–62|Union of Burma]].))
 | ((Flag|Japan))
 |((dts|1 August 1943))
 | rowspan="2" | [[U Nu]]
 | rowspan="2" | 
|-
 | ((Flag|British Burma))
 | ((dts|4 January 1948))
|-
 | rowspan="2" | ((Flag|Sri Lanka))((efn|As the [[Dominion of Ceylon]].))
 | rowspan="2" | ((Flag|British Ceylon))
 | ((dts|4 February 1948))
| rowspan="2" | [[Don Senanayake]]
 | rowspan="2" | -
|-
| ((dts|22 February 1972))
|-
 | ((Flag|Israel))
 | ((Flag|Mandatory Palestine))
 | ((Flag|British Empire))<br />((Flag|Arab League))
 | ((dts|14 May 1948))((efn|5 Iyar 5708 on the Jewish calendar. As Israel based its holidays on the Jewish calendar, [[Independence Day (Israel)|celebrations]] do not always correspond with the Georgian date. One day after Israel [[Israeli Declaration of Independence|declared its independence]], the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War|Arab League]] launched an attack on Israel that would last until [[1949 Armistice Agreements|20 July 1949]], ending with Israel securing its sovereignty.))
 | [[David Ben-Gurion]]((efn|Originally as Chairman of the Provisional State Council before becoming Prime Minister three days after independence; [[Chaim Weizmann]] succeeded him on that same day. Both remained in office (this time with Weizmann as President) on the date of the armistice.))
 | [[1948 Palestine war]]
|-
 | rowspan="2" |((Flag|South Vietnam))((efn|The [[South Vietnam|Provinsional Central Government of Vietnam]] proclaimed independence on 28 May 1948 then established State of Vietnam in 1949 with ex-emperor [[Bảo Đại]] as head of state, it was recognised by France as a part of [[France Union]] by France government. The [[Democratic Republic of Vietnam]] declared independence on 2 September 1945 but de facto a breakaway state without international recognise until [[Geneva Conference (1954)|Geneva Conference]]. [[South Vietnam|Republic of Vietnam]] was the legal successor state to the State of Vietnam after [[1955 State of Vietnam referendum]]. Both parts of Vietnam merged into the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 30 April 1975, after the [[Vietnam War]].))
 | rowspan="2" | ((Flag|French Indochina)) 
 | rowspan="2" | ((Flag|France))
 | ((dts|28 May 1948))
 | rowspan="2" | [[Ngo Dinh Diem]]
 | rowspan="2" | [[1955 State of Vietnam referendum]]
|-
 |  ((dts|23 October 1955))
|-
 | rowspan="2" | ((Flag|South Korea))
 | rowspan="4" | ((Flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg)) [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese Korea]]
 | rowspan="5" | ((Flag|Empire of Japan))
 | ((dts|15 August 1945))
 | rowspan="2" | [[Syngman Rhee]]((efn|Assumed office on 24 July 1948 as President.))
 | rowspan="4" | [[Korean independence movement]]
|-
 | ((dts|15 August 1948))((efn|[[Victory over Japan Day|Date of Japanese surrender and the transfer of the southern half of the Korean peninsula to the United States]]. Celebrated as [[National Liberation Day of Korea|Liberation Day]] (or "Gwangbokjeol"). American administration lasted exactly three years. [[Gaecheonjeol]] ("National Foundation Day") celebrates the date 3 October 2333 BC, which (according to Korean mythology) was when the [[Gojoseon]] kingdom was founded.))
|-
 | rowspan="2" | ((Flag|North Korea))
 | ((dts|15 August 1945))
 | rowspan="2" | [[Kim Il Sung]]((efn|Assumed office as Premier on 9 September 1948. [[Kim Tu-bong]] became Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly upon that same date.))
|-
 | ((dts|9 September 1948))((efn|[[Victory over Japan Day|Date of Japanese surrender and the transfer of the northern half of the Korean peninsula to the Soviet Union]]. Celebrated as [[National Liberation Day of Korea|Liberation Day]] (or "Jogukhaebangŭi nal"). Soviet administration lasted until 9 September 1948; this date, celebrated as [[Day of the Foundation of the Republic (North Korea)|Day of the Foundation of the Republic]], serves as North Korea's national day.))
|-
 | rowspan="2" | ((Flag|China))((efn|As the ((Flagicon|China|1928)) [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]].))
 | ((Flag|Manchukuo))
 | ((dts|9 August 1945))
 | rowspan="2" | [[Chiang kai shek]]((efn|Chairman of the [[National Government of the Republic of China]] at "2"hat time. After the Japanese surrender, communists soon took most of North-Eastern China because of the Soviets' transfer occupation zone, then the [[Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War|civil war]] begin and both communists and nationalists began to compete for Northeast China.))
 | [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]
|-
| ((flagicon|China|1928)) [[Nationalist government]] on [[Mainland China]]
| ((flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|name=Republic of China))
 | ((dts|1 October 1949))((efn|Date of [[Proclamation of the People's Republic of China|establishment of the People's Republic]] by the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP). The [[Government of the Republic of China|central government of the Republic of China]] [[Retreat of the Government of the Republic of China to Taiwan|evacuated]] to [[Geography of Taiwan|Taiwan]] on 7 December 1949 and continued to contested its claim of the [[Two Chinas|sovereignty of all of China]] with the People's Republic. See also [[One-China policy]].))
 | [[Chinese Civil War]]
|-
 | rowspan ="3" | [[Geography of Taiwan|Taiwan]] and [[Penghu]]((efn|After World War II, the islands of Taiwan and Penghu were placed under the administration of the Republic of China under [[General Order No. 1]], although they nominally remained part of Japan. Before the post-war treaties were to be signed by the ROC and Japan, the ROC government was defeated in the [[Chinese Civil War]] to the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) and decamped to the island of Taiwan. Japan relinquished the claims to Taiwan and Penghu in the [[Treaty of San Francisco]] on 28 April 1952, but the sovereignty of the islands remained undetermined to this day. Taiwan and Penghu are still today governed by the Republic of China in a post-war capacity recognised by a few states as the sole legitimate government of "China". See also [[Political status of Taiwan]] and [[Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan]].))
 | rowspan ="3" | ((flagdeco|Empire of Japan)) [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Taiwan]]
 | rowspan ="3" | ((flagcountry|Empire of Japan))
 | ((dts|15 August 1945))
 | rowspan ="3" | [[Chen Yi (Kuomintang)|Chen Yi]]
 | rowspan ="3" | [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]
|-
 | ((dts|25 October 1945))((efn|Date when Taiwan and Penghu were [[Retrocession Day|returned]] to the Republic of China.))
|-
 | 28 April 1952((efn|Date when the [[San Francisco Peace Treaty]] takes effect.))
|-
 | ((Flag|Laos))((efn|As the [[Kingdom of Laos]].))
 | rowspan="2" |((Flag|French Indochina))
 | rowspan="2" |((Flag|France))
 | ((dts|22 October 1953))((efn|Not celebrated as a holiday. National Day celebrates the date 2 December 1975, which was when the [[Pathet Lao]] established the Lao People's Democratic Republic and ended both the monarchy and the decades-long [[Laotian Civil War|civil war]].))
 |[[Sisavang Vong]]((efn|[[Souvanna Phouma]] was Prime Minister on the date of independence.))
 | rowspan="2" | -((efn|Although the [[First Indochina War]] occurred throughout French Indochina, most of the fighting was between the [[Việt Minh]] and France with occasional resistance from [[Lao Issara|Laos]] and [[Khmer Issarak|Cambodia]]. (The Kingdoms of Laos and Cambodia were nominal allies with France.)))
|-
 | ((Flag|Cambodia))
| ((dts|9 November 1953))
 | [[Norodom Sihanouk]]
|-
 | rowspan="2" | ((Flag|Malaysia))
 | rowspan="2" | ((Flag|Malaya)) <br /> ((Flagicon image|Flag of North Borneo (1948–1963).svg)) [[Crown Colony of North Borneo|Colony of North Borneo]] <br /> ((Flagicon image|Flag of Sarawak (1946–1963).svg)) [[Crown Colony of Sarawak|Colony of Sarawak]]
 | rowspan="11" | ((Flag|British Empire))
 | ((dts|31 August 1957))
 | rowspan="2" | [[Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan|Tuanku Abdul Rahman]]
 | rowspan="2" | [[Malayan Emergency]]((efn|The [[Malayan Communist Party]] fought in the [[Malayan Emergency]] between June 1948 – 12 July 1960.))
|-
 | 16 September 1963
|-
 | ((Flag|Cyprus))
 | ((Flagicon image|Flag of Cyprus (1922-1960).svg)) [[British Cyprus (1878–1960)|British Cyprus]]
 | ((dts|16 August 1960))((efn|Not celebrated as a holiday. For reasons unknown, Cyprus celebrates 1 October 1960, as its date of independence.))
 | [[Makarios III]]
 | -((efn|Armed struggles by the [[EOKA]] (Greek) and [[Turkish Resistance Organisation|TMT]] (Turkish) organisations.))
|-
 | ((Flag|Kuwait))
 | ((Flagicon image|Flag of Kuwait 1940-1961.png)) [[Sheikhdom of Kuwait]]
 | ((dts|19 June 1961))((efn|Not celebrated as a holiday. National Day celebrates the date 25 February 1950, which was when Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah was crowned.))
 | [[Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah]]
 | –
|-
 | ((Flag|Oman))
 | ((Flag|Muscat and Oman))''((efn|Muscat and Oman was de facto a British protectorate. On 4 June 1856, the Sultan who ruled from [[Stone Town]], [[Zanzibar]], died without appointing an heir. With British intervention on 6 April 1861, Zanzibar and Oman were divided into two separate principalities. Zanzibar later became a formal British protectorate, but the British influence over Muscat and Oman remained informal. In 1962 [[Persian Gulf Residency#Chronology: 1763-1971|Britain declared]] Muscat and Oman an independent nation.))''
 | 9 August 1970
 | [[Qaboos bin Said]]
 | Night attack on Muscat<br />-((efn|See the [[Dhofar Rebellion]] defeated with British help.))
|-
 | rowspan="2" | ((Flag|Singapore))
 | rowspan="2" | ((Flag|Straits Settlements))
 | ((dts|31 August 1963))
 | rowspan="2" | [[Yusof Ishak]]
 | rowspan="2" | –
|-
 | 9 August 1965((efn|Between 16 September 1963 and 9 August 1965 Singapore was part of the Federation of [[Malaysia]].))
|-
 | ((Flag|Maldives))
 | ((Flagicon image|Flag of the Maldives 1953.svg)) [[Maldives]]
 | ((dts|26 July 1965))
 | [[Muhammad Fareed Didi]]
 | –
|-
 | ((Flag|Qatar))
 | ((flagicon image|Flag of Qatar (1936–1949).svg)) [[Qatar]]
 | ((dts|3 September 1971))
 | [[Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani]]
 | –
|-
 | ((Flag|United Arab Emirates))
 | ((Flag|Trucial States))
 | ((dts|2 December 1971))((efn|The independent UAE was joined by [[Ras al-Khaimah]] on 11 February 1972.))
 | [[Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan]]
 | –
|-
 | ((Flag|Bahrain))
 | ((Flag|Bahrain|1932))
 | ((dts|15 August 1971))<ref>((Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2088.html#ba |title=The World Factbook: Field Listing: Independence |access-date=2018-05-12 |archive-date=2013-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227190053/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2088.html#ba |url-status=dead ))</ref>((efn|Not celebrated as a holiday. National Day celebrates the date 16 December 1961, which was when Isa ibn Salman was crowned.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://publicholidays.me/bahrain/national-day/|title = National Day 2022, 2023 and 2024 in Bahrain))</ref>))
 | [[Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifa]]((efn|[[Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa]] was Prime Minister on the date of independence.))
 | -((efn|The [[Bahraini independence survey, 1970]] was a United Nation-run survey asking Bahrainis if they would rather be independent or under Iran's control. Although a non-binding survey that makes no mention of the United Kingdom, the results (which showed an overwhelming majority supporting independence) led Iran to denounce its claims over Bahrain, which in turn led to the United Kingdom ending its protectorate.))
|-
  | rowspan="6" | ((Flag|East Timor))
 |((Flag|Dutch East Indies))
 |((Flag|Dutch East Indies))<br /> ((Flag|German Empire))
 | rowspan="3" | 
 | rowspan="3" | 
 | rowspan="5" | Under colonial occupation.((efn|The colonial history of [[East Timor]] is too complex to summarize here. See the article on that country and related detail articles.))
|-
 | ((Flag|Portuguese Timor))
 | | ((Flag|Portugal))<br />((Flag|United Kingdom))
|-
 | ((Flag|Empire of Japan))
 | ((flag|Japan))
|-
 | ((Flag|Portuguese Timor))
 | ((Flag|Portugal))
 | 28 November 1975((efn|Independence from Portugal declared on 28 November 1975. but not recognized.))
 | ''[[Francisco Xavier do Amaral]]'' [[Xanana Gusmão]]
|-
 | ((Flag|Timor Timur))
 | ((Flag|Indonesia))
 | ((dts|1999))((efn|The Indonesians left in 1999 and East Timor came under the administration of the United Nations.))
 | rowspan=2 | [[Xanana Gusmão]]
|-
 | ((flag|United Nations))
 | ((flagicon|United Nations)) [[East Timor]]
 | ((dts|20 May 2002))
 | [[United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor|UNTAIET]]
|-
 | ((Flag|Brunei))
 | ((Flag|Brunei|1906))
 |rowspan="2"| ((Flag|British Empire))
 | ((dts|1 January 1984))
 | [[Hassanal Bolkiah]]
 | -((efn|The [[Brunei Revolt]] was a rebellion against the sultan suppressed with British assistance in 1966.))
|-
 | ((Flag|Hong Kong))
 | ((Flag|British Hong Kong))
 | 1 July 1997((efn|name="China"|Date of transfer to the People's Republic of China.))
 | [[Tung Chee-hwa]]
 | –
|-
 | ((Flag|Macau))
 | ((Flag|Portuguese Macau))
 | ((Flag|Portugal))
 | ((dts|20 December 1999))((efn|name="China"))
 | [[Edmund Ho]]
 | –
|-
 | ''((Flag|Palestine))''((efn|Also referred to as [[Judea and Samaria Area]] or [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza Strip]].))((efn|In the aftermath of the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]] the [[Palestinian territories]] were divided between Israel, Egypt and Jordan. After the [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty]] (1982) and [[Jordanian disengagement from the West Bank]] (1988), following decades of [[Arab–Israeli conflict]], the [[Palestine Liberation Organisation]] declared independence for a [[State of Palestine]], but its control over the West Bank and Gaza (through the [[Palestinian National Authority]]) is still limited due to continued conflict with Israel.))((efn|name="Israel"|Israel allows the PNA to execute some functions in the Palestinian territories, depending on the [[West Bank Areas in the Oslo II Accord|area classification]]. It maintains minimal interference (retaining control of borders: [[National airspace|air]],<ref name="GazaSeaAir">[http://www.btselem.org/english/Gaza_Strip/Control_on_Air_space_and_territorial_waters.asp Israel's control of the airspace and the territorial waters of the Gaza Strip].</ref> sea beyond [[internal waters]],((efn|<ref name="GazaSeaAir"/>[http://dissidentvoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Gaza-map-08s-fishing-limits-20090119.jpg Map of Gaza fishing limits, "security zones"].)) [[European Union Border Assistance Mission Rafah|land]]<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Israels+Disengagement+Plan-+Renewing+the+Peace+Process+Apr+2005.htm Israel's Disengagement Plan: Renewing the Peace Process]: "Israel will guard the perimeter of the Gaza Strip, continue to control Gaza air space, and continue to patrol the sea off the Gaza coast. ... Israel will continue to maintain its essential military presence to prevent arms smuggling along the border between the Gaza Strip and Egypt ([[Philadelphi Route]]), until the security situation and cooperation with Egypt permit an alternative security arrangement."</ref>) in the Gaza Strip (its interior and Egypt portion of the land border are under [[Governance of the Gaza Strip|Hamas control]]), and varying degrees of interference elsewhere.<ref name="Human Rights Watch">((cite web |title=Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] |date=29 October 2004 |url=https://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm |access-date=16 July 2010))</ref><ref>((cite journal |author=[[Dore Gold|Gold, Dore]]; [[Institute for Contemporary Affairs]] |title=Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza Is Still 'Occupied' Even After Israel Withdraws |journal=[[Jerusalem Issue Brief]] |volume= 5 |issue= 3 |publisher=[[Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]] |date=26 August 2005 |url=http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm |access-date=16 July 2010))</ref><ref>((cite journal |author=[[Avi Bell|Bell, Abraham]] |title=International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense |journal=[[Jerusalem Issue Brief]] |volume=7 |issue=29 |publisher=[[Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]] |date=28 January 2008 |url=http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm |access-date=16 July 2010))</ref><ref>((Cite news |author=Transcript |title=Address by FM Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)|Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] |date=22 January 2008 |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches+by+Israeli+leaders/2008/Address+by+FM+Livni+to+the+8th+Herzliya+Conference+22-Jan-2008.htm?DisplayMode=print |access-date=26 September 2011))</ref><ref name="israelcontrol">((cite web |author=Salih, Zak M. |title=Panelists Disagree Over Gaza's Occupation Status |publisher=[[University of Virginia School of Law]] |date=17 November 2005 |url=http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm |access-date=26 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200844/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead ))</ref> See also [[Israeli-occupied territories]].))
 |((Flag|Mandatory Palestine)) <br />((Flag|West Bank|Jordanian annexation of the West Bank)) <br />
 |((Flag|British Empire))<br />((Flag|Arab League))<br /> ((Flag|Jordan)) <br />
 |14 May 1948<br /> 10 June 1967;<br /> ((dts|15 November 1988));((efn|name=unclear|It is unclear here how these dates relate to the other columns of is table row.))<br />''independence pending due to territorial dispute with Israel''
 | N/A;<br />''[[Yasser Arafat]]'';<br />''[[Mahmoud Abbas]]''
 | [[Six-Day War]];<br />''[[Egypt–Israel peace treaty]]'';<br />''[[Jordanian disengagement from the West Bank]]'';<br />''[[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]''
|}

== Soviet Union ==
The 9 states may be divided into the following five regional categories. The distinguishing traits of each region result from geographic and cultural factors as well as their respective historical relations with [[Russia]]. Not included in these categories are the several [[de facto]] independent states presently lacking international recognition (read below: [[#Separatist conflicts|Separatist conflicts]]).<div style="font-size:99%">
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:right" width="100%"
! rowspan="2" |Region
! rowspan="2" |Country name
! rowspan="2" |First flag
! rowspan="2" |Current flag
! rowspan="2" |Capital
! rowspan="2" |Independence
|-
|-
| align="center" |Asia
| align="center" |'''[[Russia]]''' ((small|(Russian Federation)))
| align="center" |((Flagdeco|Russia|1991|size=75px|text=none))
| align="center" |((Flagdeco|Russia|size=75px|text=none))
| align="center" |[[Moscow]]
| align="center" |[[Belovezha Accords|12 December 1991]]
|-
| rowspan="5" align="center" |[[Central Asia]]
| align="center" |'''[[Uzbekistan]]''' ((small|(Republic of Uzbekistan)))
| colspan="2" align="center" |((Flagdeco|Uzbekistan|size=75px|text=none))
| align="center" |[[Tashkent]]
| align="center" |[[Independence Day (Uzbekistan)|31 August 1991]]
|-
| align="center" |'''[[Kazakhstan]]''' ((small|(Republic of Kazakhstan)))
| align="center" |((Flagdeco|Kazakhstan|1991|size=75px|text=none))
| align="center" |((Flagdeco|Kazakhstan|size=75px|text=none))
| align="center" |[[Nur-Sultan]]
| align="center" |[[Independence Day (Kazakhstan)|16 December 1991]]
|-
| align="center" |'''[[Kyrgyzstan]]''' ((small|(Kyrgyz Republic)))
| align="center" |((Flagdeco|Kyrgyzstan|1991|size=75px|text=none))
| align="center" |((Flagdeco|Kyrgyzstan|size=75px|text=none))
| align="center" |[[Bishkek]]
| align="center" |[[Independence Day (Kyrgyzstan)|31 August 1991]]
|-
| align="center" |'''[[Tajikistan]]''' ((small|(Republic of Tajikistan)))
| align="center" |((Flagdeco|Tajikistan|1991|size=75px|text=none))
| align="center" |((Flagdeco|Tajikistan|size=75px|text=none))
| align="center" |[[Dushanbe]]
| align="center" |[[Independence Day (Tajikistan)|9 September 1991]]
|-
| align="center" |'''[[Turkmenistan]]'''
| align="center" |((Flagdeco|Turkmenistan|1991|size=75px|text=none))
| align="center" |((Flagdeco|Turkmenistan|size=75px|text=none))
| align="center" |[[Ashgabat]]
| align="center" |[[Independence Day (Turkmenistan)|27 October 1991]]
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center" |[[Transcaucasia]]
| align="center" |'''[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]''' ((small|(((small|formerly the)) Republic of Georgia)))
| align="center" |((Flagdeco|Georgia (country)|1990|size=75px|text=none))
| align="center" |((Flagdeco|Georgia (country)|size=75px|text=none))
| align="center" |[[Tbilisi]]
| align="center" |[[Independence Day (Georgia)|9 April 1991]]
|-
| align="center" |'''[[Azerbaijan]]''' ((small|(Republic of Azerbaijan)))
| colspan="2" align="center" |((Flagdeco|Azerbaijan|size=75px|text=none))
| align="center" |[[Baku]]
| align="center" |[[Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan|30 August 1991]]
|-
| align="center" |'''[[Armenia]]''' ((small|(Republic of Armenia)))
| colspan="2" align="center" |((Flagdeco|Armenia|size=75px|text=none))
| align="center" |[[Yerevan]]
| align="center" |[[1991 Armenian independence referendum|21 September 1991]]
|-
|- class="sortbottom" style="border-top:2px solid gray"
| colspan="5" |'''Total former Soviet Union'''
|}
</div>

==British colonies, protectorates and mandates==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country !! Pre-independence name<br />(different) !! Date !! Year of independence or first stage !! Notes
|- 
|((flag|Afghanistan))
|Northern Persia
|((sort|08-19|19 August))
|1919
|[[Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919]]
|- 
|((flag|Bahrain))
|
|((sort|08-15|15 August))
|1971
|
|- 
|((flag|Brunei))
|
|((sort|01-01|1 January))
|1984
|
|-
|((flag|Cyprus))
|
|((sort|08-16|16 August))
|1960
|[[Independence Day (Cyprus)|Cyprus Independence Day]] is commonly celebrated on 1 October.
|- 
|((flag|Egypt))
|
|((sort|02-28|28 February)) 
|1922
|Control over the Suez Canal Zone was maintained until 1952.
|-

|((flag|India))
|British India
|((sort|08-15|15 August))
|1947
|[[Independence Day (India)]]
|-
|-
|((flag|Iraq))
|
|((sort|10-03|3 October))
|1932
|
|- 
|((flag|Israel)) 
|Mandatory Palestine
|((sort|05-14|14 May))
|1948
|End of British mandate<br />[[Independence Day (Israel)]]<br />((flag|Palestine)) [[Palestinian Declaration of Independence|declared independence]] from Israel on 15 November 1988.
|- 
|((flag|Jordan))
|Transjordan
|((sort|05-25|25 May))
|1946
|
|- 
|((flag|Kuwait))
|
|((sort|06-19|19 June))
|1961
|
|- 
|((flag|Malaysia))
|Four parts: Malaya, North Borneo, Singapore and Sarawak
|((sort|08-31|31 August))
|1957
|As the [[Federation of Malaya]] ([[Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957]]). [[Crown Colony of North Borneo|North Borneo]] (now [[Sabah]]), [[Crown Colony of Sarawak|Sarawak]] and [[Colony of Singapore|Singapore]] gained full independence and joined Malaysia on 16 September 1963 under the [[Malaysia Agreement]] ([[Malaysia Act 1963]]).<br />((flag|Singapore)) gained independence from Malaysia on 9 August 1965.
|- 
|((flag|Maldives))
|
|((sort|07-26|26 July))
|1965
|
|- 
|((flag|Mauritius))
|
|((sort|03-12|12 March))
|1968
|
|- 
|((flag|Myanmar))
|[[British rule in Burma|British Burma]]
|((sort|01-04|4 January))
|1948
|Gained independence as Burma. Renamed Myanmar in 1989, but still officially known by the United Kingdom government as Burma.
|- 
|((flag|Oman))
|Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
|((sort|12-20|20 December))
|1951
|- 
|((flag|Pakistan))
|British India
|((sort|08-14|14 August))
|1947
|[[Partition of India]]<br />((flag|Bangladesh)) gained independence from Pakistan on 26 March 1971.
|-
|((flag|Qatar))
|British Qatari Protectorate
|((sort|09-03|3 September))
|1971
|
|-
|((flag|Seychelles))
|
|((sort|06-29|29 June))
|1976
|
|-
|((flag|Singapore))
|
|((sort|06-03|3 June))
|1959
|Became self-governing on 3 June 1959 and gained independence from Malaysia on 9 August 1965.
|- 
|((flag|Sri Lanka))
|Ceylon
|((sort|02-04|4 February))
|1948
|Gained independence as the [[Dominion of Ceylon]]. Renamed Sri Lanka in 1972.
|- 
|((flag|United Arab Emirates))
|Trucial States
|((sort|12-02|2 December))
|1971
|[[National Day (United Arab Emirates)]] 
|- 
|((flag|Yemen))
|Protectorate of South Arabia<br />Federation of South Arabia
|((sort|11-30|30 November))
|1967
|[[PDRY|South Yemen]] 1967
|}

==List of European colonies in Asia==
British colonies in [[South Asia]], [[East Asia]], And [[Southeast Asia]]:

*((Flagicon|British Burma)) [[British Burma]] (1824–1948, merged with [[British Raj|India]] by the British from 1886 to 1937)
*((Flagicon|British Ceylon)) [[British Ceylon]] (1815–1948, now [[Sri Lanka]])
* ((Flagicon|British Hong Kong)) [[British Hong Kong]] (1842–1997)
* ((Flagicon|British India)) [[Colonial India]] (includes the territory of present-day [[India]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Bangladesh]])
:((Flagicon|Danish India)) [[Danish India]] (1696–1869)
:((Flagicon|Sweden)) [[Swedish East India Company#The first octroi (1731–1746)|Swedish Parangipettai]] (1733)
:((Flagicon|British India)) [[British India]] (1613–1947)
::((Flagicon|East India Company)) [[Company rule in India|British East India Company]] (1757–1858)
::((Flagicon|British Raj)) [[British Raj]] (1858–1947)

French colonies in South and Southeast Asia:

* ((Flagicon|French India)) [[French India]] (1769–1954)
* ((Flagicon|French Indochina)) [[French Indochina]] (1887–1953), including:
:* [[French protectorate of Cambodia|French Cambodia]] (1863–1953)
:* [[French protectorate of Laos|French Laos]] (1893–1953)
:* French [[French Cochinchina|Cochinchine]], [[Annam (French protectorate)|Annam]] and [[Tonkin (French protectorate)|Tonkin]] (1862–1949, now Vietnam)
:* [[Guangzhouwan]] (1898–1945)

Dutch, British, Portuguese colonies and Russian territories in Asia:

* ((Flagicon|Dutch India)) [[Dutch India]] (1605–1825)
* ((Flagicon image|Flag of the Dutch East India Company.svg)) [[Dutch Bengal]]
* ((Flagicon image|Flag of the Dutch East India Company.svg)) [[Dutch Ceylon]] (1656–1796)
* ((Flagicon|Portuguese Ceylon)) [[Portuguese Ceylon]] (1505–1658)
* ((Flagicon|Dutch East Indies)) [[Dutch East Indies]] (now [[Indonesia]]) – Dutch colony from 1800 to 1949 (included [[Netherlands New Guinea]] until 1962)
* ((Flagicon|Portuguese India)) [[Portuguese India]] (1510–1961)
* ((Flagicon image|Flag of the Government of Portuguese Macau (1976–1999).svg)) [[Portuguese Macau]] – Portuguese colony, the first European colony in [[China]] (1557–1999)
* ((Flagicon|Portuguese Timor)) [[Portuguese Timor]] (1702–1975, now [[East Timor]])
* ((Flagicon|British Empire)) [[British Malaya|Malaya]] (now part of [[Malaysia]]):
:((Flagicon|Portuguese Empire)) [[Portuguese Malacca]] (1511–1641)
:((Flagicon|Dutch Empire)) [[Dutch Malacca]] (1641–1824)
:((Flagicon|British Empire)) [[British Malaya]], included:
::*[[Straits Settlements]] (1826–1946)
::* [[Federated Malay States]] (1895–1946)
::* [[Unfederated Malay States]] (1885–1946)
:((Flagicon|Malaya)) [[Federation of Malaya]] (under British rule, 1948–1963)
* ((Flagicon|British Empire)) [[British Borneo]] (now part of [[Malaysia]]), including:
:* ((Flagicon image|Flag_of_Labuan_(1912–1946).svg)) [[Crown Colony of Labuan|Labuan]] (1848–1946)h
:* ((Flagicon image|Flag_of_North_Borneo_(1902–1946).svg)) [[North Borneo]] (1882–1941)
::* ((Flagicon image|Flag_of_North_Borneo_(1948–1963).svg)) [[Crown Colony of North Borneo]] (1946–1963)
:* ((Flagicon image|Flag_of_Sarawak_(1946–1963).svg)) [[Crown Colony of Sarawak]] (1946–1963)
* [[Brunei]]
:* ((Flagicon|Brunei)) [[Brunei#History|British Brunei (1888–1984)]] (British protectorate)
* ((Flagicon|Russian Empire)) [[Russian Manchuria (Russia)|Russian Manchuria]] – ceded to [[Russian Empire]] through [[Treaty of Aigun]] (1858) and [[Treaty of Peking]] (1860)
* [[Philippines]]:
:((Flagicon|Spanish Empire)) [[Spanish Philippines]] (1565–1898, 3rd longest European colony in Asia, 333 years),
* ((Flagicon|British Empire)) [[Singapore]] – British colony (1819–1959)
* ((Flagicon|United States)) [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands]] - U.S. colony (1902-1946)
* [[Taiwan]]:
:((Flagicon|Spanish Empire)) [[Spanish Formosa]] (1626–1642)
:((Flagicon image|Flag of the Dutch East India Company.svg)) [[Dutch Formosa]] (1624–1662)

*[[Bahrain]]

:*((Flagicon|Portuguese Empire)) [[History of Bahrain#Portuguese rule|Portuguese Bahrain (1521–1602)]]
:* ((Flagicon image|Flag of Bahrain (1820–1932).svg)) ((Flagicon image|Flag_of_Bahrain_(1932–1972).svg)) [[History of Bahrain (1783–1971)|British Protectorate (1861–1971)]]

*[[Iraq]]

:*((Flagicon image|Flag_of_Iraq_(1924–1959).svg)) [[Mandatory Iraq]] (1920–1932) (British protectorate)
:*((Flagicon image|Flag_of_Iraq_(1924–1959).svg)) [[Kingdom of Iraq]] (1932–1958)
*[[Israel]] and [[State of Palestine|Palestine]]

:*((Flagicon|Mandatory Palestine)) [[Mandatory Palestine]] (1920–1948) (British Mandate)
*[[Jordan]]

:*((Flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Transjordan.svg)) [[Emirate of Transjordan]] (1921–1946) (British protectorate)
*[[Kuwait]]

:*((Flagicon image|Flag_of_Kuwait_1940-1961.png)) [[Sheikhdom of Kuwait]] (1899–1961) (British protectorate)
*[[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]]

:*((Flagicon|France)) [[French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon]] (1923–1946)
*[[Oman]]

:*((Flagicon|Portuguese Empire)) [[Oman#Portuguese era|Portuguese Oman (1507–1650)]]
:*((Flagicon image|Flag_of_Muscat.svg)) [[Muscat and Oman]] (1892–1971) (British protectorate)
*[[Qatar]]

:*((Flagicon|Qatar)) [[History of Qatar#British protectorate (1916–1971)|British protectorate of Qatar (1916–1971)]]
*[[United Arab Emirates]]

:*((Flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Trucial_States_(1968–1971).svg)) [[Trucial States]] (1820–1971) (British protectorate)
*[[Yemen]]

:*((Flagicon|Aden)) [[Aden Protectorate]] (1869–1963)
:*((Flagicon|Colony of Aden)) [[Colony of Aden]] (1937–1963)
:*((Flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Federation_of_South_Arabia.svg)) [[Federation of South Arabia]] (1962–1967)
:*((Flagicon|British Empire)) [[Protectorate of South Arabia]] (1963–1967)

===Independent states===
* [[Afghanistan]] – founded by the [[Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919]] of the [[United Kingdom]] and declared independence in 1919
:* ((Flagicon image|Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1919–1921).svg)) [[Emirate of Afghanistan]] (1879–1919) (British protectorate)
* ((Flagicon|ROC)) ((Flagicon|China)) [[China]] – independent, but within European cultures of influence which were largely limited to the colonised ports except for Manchuria. 
:* [[Concessions in China]]
:* [[Shanghai International Settlement]] (1863–1941)
:* [[Shanghai French Concession]] (1849–1943)
:* [[Concessions in Tianjin]] (1860–1947)
* ((Flagicon|Bhutan)) [[Bhutan]] – in British sphere of influence
* ((Flagicon image|Flag_of_Agha_Mohammad_Khan.svg)) [[Iran]] – in the Russian sphere of influence in the north and British in the south
* ((Flagicon|Japanese Empire)) [[Japan]] – a [[Great power]] that had its own [[Japanese empire|colonial empire]] (including [[Korea under Japanese rule|Korea]] and [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Taiwan]])
* ((Flagicon image|Flag_of_Bogd_Khaanate_Mongolia.svg)) ((Flagicon image|Flag_of_China_(1912–1928).svg)) ((Flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People's_Republic_(1924–1940).svg)) [[Mongolia]] – in the Russian sphere of influence and later Soviet controlled
* ((Flagicon|Nepal)) [[Nepal]] – in British sphere of influence
* ((Flagicon|Saudi Arabia)) Saudi Arabia - most of Saudi Arabia has always been independent, including the [[Sharifate of Mecca]] in Hejaz which was under the Ottomans but with a dual system of government shared between the [[Sharif]] and the Ottoman [[Wāli|Wali]] or governor.
* ((Flagicon|Thailand)) [[Thailand]] – the only independent state in [[Southeast Asia]], but bordered by a British sphere of influence in the north and south and French influence in the northeast and east
* ((Flagicon|Turkey)) [[Turkey]] – successor to the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1923; the Ottoman Empire itself could be considered a colonial empire
* ((Flagicon|First Philippine Republic)) [[First Philippine Republic|Philippines]] – newly independent state who fought against the [[United States]] from 1899-1902. The nation was dissolved after the American victory. It was led by President [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] who struggled to keep the nation's independence.On April 19, 1901, Aguinaldo took an oath of allegiance to the United States. This marked the formal end of the Republic as he recognized the sovereignty of the United States over the Philippines.

== Asian colonies from the 17th century to the end of the Second World War (Japanese) ==
The following list shows the colonial powers following the end of [[World War II]] in 1945, their colonial or administrative possessions and the date of decolonisation.

* ((flag|Japan)):
** ((flagdeco|China|1928)) ''Manchuria ([[Manchukuo]]), Northern China'' (1945/1946)
** ((flag|Philippines|1936)) (1945/1946)
** ((flagcountry|Union of Burma)) (1945/1948)
** ((flag|North Korea|1948)) (1945/1948)
** ((flag|South Korea|1948)) (1945/1948)
** ((flag|Taiwan)) (1945/1949)
** ((flag|Malaysia))
** ((flag|Singapore)) (1965)
** ((flag|Taiwan)) (1642)
** ((flag|Indonesia)) (1945/1949)
** ((flagdeco|Free Papua)) ''[[Netherlands New Guinea]]'' (1962)

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Territory
!Date
!Notes
|-
|[[Karafuto Prefecture|South Sakhalin]]
|prewar-1945
|
|-
|[[Mainland China]]
|1931–1945
|[[Manchukuo]] 50 million (1940), [[Jehol Province|Jehol]], [[Kwantung Leased Territory]], Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, plus parts of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia
|-
|[[Japan]]
|prewar-1945
|Present day Japan, Kuril and Ryukyu Islands
|-
|[[Korea]]
|prewar-1945
|Both North and South
|-
|[[Taiwan]]
|prewar-1945
|
|-
|[[Hong Kong]]
|12 December 1941 – 15 August 1945
|[[Japanese occupation of Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] (UK)
|-
|:: ''[[East Asia]] (subtotal)''
|–
|
|-
|[[Vietnam]]
|15 July 1940 – 29 August 1945
|As [[French Indochina in World War II|French Indochina]] (FR)
|-
|[[Cambodia]]
|15 July 1940 – 29 August 1945
|As [[French Indochina in World War II|French Indochina]], [[Japanese occupation of Cambodia]]
|-
|[[Laos]]
|15 July 1940 – 29 August 1945
|As [[French Indochina in World War II|French Indochina]], [[Japanese occupation of Laos]]
|-
|[[Thailand]]
|8 December 1941 – 15 August 1945
|Independent State but Allied with Japan
|-
|[[Malaysia]]
|27 March 1942 – 6 September 1945 (Malaya), 29 March 1942 – 9 September 1945 (Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, North Borneo)
|As [[Japanese occupation of Malaya|Malaya]] (UK), [[Japanese occupation of British Borneo|British Borneo]] (UK), [[Brunei]] (UK)
|-
|[[Philippines]]
|8 May 1942 – 5 July 1945
|[[Japanese occupation of the Philippines|Philippines]] (US)
|-
|[[Dutch East Indies]]
|18 January 1942 – 21 October 1945
|[[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies|Dutch East Indies]] (NL)
|-
|[[Singapore]]
|15 February 1942 – 9 September 1945
|[[Japanese occupation of Singapore|Singapore]] (UK)
|-
|[[Myanmar]]
|1942–1945
|[[Japanese occupation of Burma|Burma]] (UK)
|-
|[[East Timor]]
|19 February 1942 – 2 September 1945
|[[Portuguese Timor]] (PT)
|-
|:: ''[[Southeast Asia]] (subtotal)''
|–
|
|-
|[[New Guinea]]
|27 December 1941 – 15 September 1945
|As [[Territory of Papua|Papua]] and [[Territory of New Guinea|New Guinea]] (AU)
|-
|[[Guam]]
|6 January 1942 – 24 October 1945
|from [[Japanese occupation of Guam|Guam]] (US)
|-
|[[South Seas Mandate]]
|1919–1945
|from [[German Empire]]
|-
|[[Nauru]]
|26 August 1942 – 13 September 1945
|from the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand
|-
|[[Wake Island]], US
|27 December 1941 – 4 September 1945
|US
|-
|[[Kiribati]]
|December 1941 – 22 January 1944
|from [[Gilbert Islands]] (UK)
|-
|:: ''[[List of islands in the Pacific Ocean|Pacific Islands]] (subtotal)''
|–
|
|}
<small>Disclaimer: Not all areas were considered part of ''Imperial Japan'' but rather part of puppet states & sphere of influence, allies, included separately for demographic purposes. Sources: POPULSTAT Asia Oceania</small>

Other occupied World War 2 islands:

* [[Japanese occupation of the Andaman Islands|Andaman Islands]] (India) – 29 March 1942 – 9 September 1945
* [[Christmas Island]] (Australia) – March 1942 – October 1945

=== Areas attacked but not conquered ===

* [[Kohima]] and [[Manipur]] (India)
* [[Battles of Khalkhin Gol|Dornod]] (Khalkhin Gol, Mongolia)
* [[Midway Atoll]] (United States)

=== Raided without immediate intent of occupation ===

* Air raids
** [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|Pearl Harbor]] (Hawaii, United States)
** [[Easter Sunday Raid|Colombo]] and [[Easter Sunday Raid|Trincomalee]] (Sri Lanka)
** [[Air raids on Australia, 1942–43|Air raids on Australia]], including:
*** [[Attack on Broome|Broome]] (Western Australia, Australia)
*** [[Bombing of Darwin|Darwin]] (Northern Territory, Australia)
*** [[Townsville, Queensland|Townsville]] (Queensland, Australia)
** [[Battle of Dutch Harbor|Dutch Harbor]] (Alaska, United States)
** [[Lookout Air Raids]] (Oregon, United States)
* Naval bombardment by submarine
** [[Estevan Point|British Columbia]] (Canada)
** [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]] (California, United States)
** [[Fort Stevens (Oregon)|Fort Stevens]] (Oregon, United States)
** [[Shelling of Newcastle|Newcastle]] (New South Wales, Australia)
** [[Shelling of Port Gregory|Gregory]] (Western Australia, Australia)
* Midget sub attack
** [[Attack on Sydney Harbour|Sydney]] (New South Wales, Australia)
** [[Battle of Madagascar|Diego Suarez]] (Madagascar)

===Asia Territorial evolution of the British Empire===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!width="300"|Name of territory
!width="100"|Dates
!width="400"|Status
!width="400"|Comments
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Colony of Aden|Aden]]
|1839
|Colony subordinate to [[Bombay Presidency]] British India
|
|-
|1932
|Separate province of [[British India]]
|
|-
|1937
|Separate Crown colony
|
|-
|1963
|Part of [[Federation of South Arabia]]
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Afghanistan]]
|1839–1842
|Protectorate
|
|-
|1879
|Protectorate
|
|-
|1919
|Independence
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Assam]]
|1874–1905
|Province of [[British India]]
|
|-
|1905–1912
|Incorporated into the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam
|
|-
|1912–1947
|Province of British India
|Now a state of the [[India|Republic of India]]
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Bahrain]]
|1880
|Protectorate
|
|-
|1961–1971
|Autonomous
|
|-
|1971
|Independence
|Invited to join the [[Trucial States]], but declined
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioners Province)|Baluchistan]]
|1877–1896
|Province
|
|-
|1896–1947
|Province of [[British India]]
|
|-
|1947
|Part of Pakistan
|Now part of [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]] and the [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]], in [[Pakistan]]
|-
|rowspan="8"|[[Bantam (city)|Bantam]]
|1603–1609
|Station
|
|-
|1609–1617
|[[Factory (trading post)|Factory]]
|
|-
|1617–1621
|Presidency
|
|-
|1621
|Expelled by the Dutch
|
|-
|1630–1634
|Subordinated to [[Surat]]
|
|-
|1634–1652
|Presidency
|
|-
|1652–1682
|Subordinated to Surat
|
|-
|1682
|Expelled by the Dutch
|Now in [[Indonesia]]
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[British Bencoolen|Bencoolen]]<br />''("Fort York", later "Fort Marlborough")''
|1685–1760
|Coastal settlements of southwestern Sumatra, subordinated to [[Madras]]
|
|-
|1760–1785
|Presidency
|
|-
|1785–1825
|Subordinated to [[Bengal Presidency]]
|
|-
|1825
|Part of [[Dutch East Indies]]
|Now [[Bengkulu]], in [[Indonesia]]
|-
|rowspan="12"|[[Bengal]]<br />''("[[Fort William, India|Fort William]]")''
|1634–1658
|Factories
|
|-
|1658–1681
|Subordinated to [[Madras]]
|
|-
|1681–82
|Agency
|
|-
|1682–1694
|Presidency of [[Coromandel Coast|Coromandel]] and Bengal Settlements
|
|-
|1694–1698
|Subordinated to [[Madras]]
|
|-
|1698–1700
|Presidency of Coromandel and Bengal Settlements
|
|-
|1700–1774
|Presidency
|
|-
|1774–1905
|Presidency of [[British India]]
|
|-
|1905–1912
|Partitioned between [West] Bengal and Eastern Bengal and Assam
|
|-
|1912–1937
|Presidency of British India
|
|-
|1937–1947
|Province of British India
|
|-
|1947
|Divided between [[Dominion of India|India]] ([[West Bengal]]) and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]] ([[East Bengal]])
|Now [[Bangladesh]], and part of [[West Bengal]], Bihar, [[Odisha]], and [[Jharkhand]], in [[India]]
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Brunei]]
|1888
|Protectorate
|
|-
|1967
|Protected state
|
|-style="background:#ccff99"
|1984
|Independence
|
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[British rule in Burma|Burma]] (now called Myanmar)
|1824–1852
|[[Rakhine State|Arakan]], [[Tanintharyi Division|Tenasserim]]
|
|-
|1852–1886
|[[Lower Burma]]
|
|-
|1885–1886
|[[Upper Burma]]
|
|-
|1886
|Lower and Upper Burma United as a province of [[British India]]
|
|-
|1937
|Separate Crown Colony
|
|-
|1948
|Independence
|Name changed to Myanmar after a military junta in 1989.
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[East Bengal|Eastern Bengal and Assam]]
|1905–1912
|Province of [[British India]]
|Established upon the [[partition of Bengal (1905)]]
|-
|1912
|Partition reversed
|Split between the re-established province of Assam and the re-constituted presidency of Bengal
|-
|rowspan="3" |[[British Ceylon|Ceylon]]
|1795
|Ceded by the Dutch and subordinated to the [[Madras]] presidency of [[British India]]
|
|-
|1798
|Separate Crown colony
|
|-style="background:#ccff99"
|1948
|Independence
|Now the Democratic Socialist Republic of [[Sri Lanka]]
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Dansborg]]
|1801–02
|Occupied
|
|-
|1808–1815
|Occupied
|
|-
|''1845''
|''purchased and incorporated into [[British India]]''
|Now in [[Tamil Nadu]] state, India
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Frederiksnagore]]
|1801–02
|Occupied
|
|-
|1808–1815
|Occupied
|
|-
|''1845''
|''Purchased and incorporated into [[British India]]''
|Now in [[West Bengal]] state, India
|-
|rowspan="8"|[[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
|1841
|''[[Hong Kong Island]] occupied''
|
|-
|1843–1982
|Crown colony
|
|-
|1860
|Kowloon and Stonecutters Island ceded by China
|
|-
|1898
|New Territories leased from China for 99 years
|
|-
|1942–1945
|Occupied by Japan
|
|-
|1945–1946
|Military administration
|
|-
|1983–1997
|Dependent territory
|
|-
|1997
|Handover to China as a [[Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China|special administrative region]]
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Sheikhdom of Kuwait|Kuwait]]
|1899
|Protectorate
|
|-
|1961
|Independence
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[British India|Indian Empire (British Raj)]]
|1613
|[[Company rule in India]]
|
|-
|1858
|Crown rule over the [[Princely state|Indian Princely states]], the [[Presidencies and provinces of British India]]
|
|-
|1947
|Independent as [[Dominion of India|India]] & [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]] after [[Partition of India|partition]]
|
|-
|[[British Mandate for Mesopotamia|Mandatory Iraq]]
|1920–1932
|[[League of Nations mandate]] never passed, replaced by [[Anglo-Iraqi treaty]] with the [[Kingdom of Iraq]]
|
|-
|[[Java]]
|1811–1816
|Territory of the [[East India Company]]
|restored to the [[Netherlands]]
|-
|rowspan="15"|[[British Malaya|Malaya]]
|1824
|Transferred following [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]]
|
|-
|1824–1867
|Territory of [[British East India Company]]
|
|-
|1867–1946
|[[Straits Settlements]], Crown colony
|
|-
|1895–1946
|[[Federated Malay States]], protectorate
|
|-
|1885–1946
|[[Johor]], protectorate (part of [[Unfederated Malay States]])
|
|-
|1909–1946
|[[Kedah]], protectorate (part of Unfederated Malay States)
|
|-
|1909–1946
|[[Kelantan]], protectorate (part of Unfederated Malay States)
|
|-
|1909–1946
|[[Perlis]], protectorate (part of Unfederated Malay States)
|
|-
|1909–1946
|[[Terengganu]], protectorate (part of Unfederated Malay States)
|
|-
|1942–1945
|[[Japanese occupation of Malaya|Japanese occupation]]
|
|-
|1945–1946
|[[British Military Administration (Malaya)|Military Administration]]
|
|-
|1946–1948
|[[Malayan Union]]
|
|-
|1948–1957
|[[Federation of Malaya]]
|
|-
|1957–1963
|Independent state
|
|-style="background-color:#ccff99"
|1963
|Annex [[Crown Colony of North Borneo|North Borneo]] and [[Crown Colony of Sarawak|Sarawak]] forming the renamed federation of [[Malaysia]]
|
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Crown Colony of North Borneo|North Borneo]]
|1882–1946
|Protectorate
|
|-
|1945–1946
|[[British Military Administration (Borneo)|Military administration]]
|Labuan to British N. Borneo on 15 July 1946
|-
|1946–1963
|Crown colony
|Labuan to British N. Borneo on 15 July 1946
|-
|1963
|Self-government
|-
|1963
|Annexed by Malaya into [[Malaysia]]
|
|-
|rowspan="7"|[[Mandatory Palestine|Palestine]]
|1920
|Mandate
|
|-
|1948
|British sovereignty relinquished; the proposed partition between a Jewish and an Arab state never fully materialised; the Jewish state – [[Israel]] – was established immediately after British withdrawal, with the short-lived [[All-Palestine government]] following six months later
|
|-
|1949
|Two sections of the former Palestine Mandate outside Israel – the [[West Bank]] and the [[Gaza Strip]] – were occupied by [[Jordan]] and [[Egypt]] respectively following the collapse of the [[All-Palestine government]]
|
|-
|1956
|[[Gaza Strip]] briefly falls under Israeli occupation during the [[Suez Crisis]]
|
|-
|1967
|[[West Bank]] and [[Gaza Strip]] fall under Israeli occupation as a consequence of the [[Six-day War]]
|
|-
|1993
|A [[Palestinian National Authority]] is declared in the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza Strip]]; most matters regarding the day-to-day governance of these territories fell under its jurisdiction, in anticipation of a future Palestinian state
|
|-
|2005
|Israel formally withdraws from the [[Gaza Strip]], placing it under full PNA control; despite this, Gazan waters are still under Israeli military control
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Côn Sơn Island|Pulo Condore Island]] ([[Côn Đảo]])
|1702
|Possession of [[British East India Company]]
|
|-
|1705
|Abandoned
|Now Côn Đảo, in [[Vietnam]]
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Crown Colony of Sarawak|Sarawak]]
|1888–1946
|Protected States
|
|-
|1945–1946
|[[British Military Administration (Borneo)|Military administration]]
|
|-
|1946–1963
|Crown colony
|
|-
|1963
|Self-government
|
|-
|1963
|Annexed by Malaya into [[Malaysia]]
|
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Straits Settlements]]
|1826–1858
|Possession under [[British East India Company]]
|
|-
|1858–1867
|Subordinated to [[British India]]
|
|-
|1867–1946
|Crown colony
|
|-
|1942–1945
|Occupied by Japan
|
|-
|1946
|Dissolved
|Now divided between [[Malacca]] and [[Penang]], in [[Malaysia]], and Singapore
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Qatar]]
|1916–1971
|Protectorate
|
|-
|1971
|Independence
|Invited to join the [[Trucial States]], but declined

|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Surat]]
|1612–1658
|[[Factory (trading post)|Factory]]
|
|-
|1658–1668
|Presidency
|
|-
|1668–1685
|Possession under [[British East India Company]]
|
|-
|1685–1703
|Subordinated to [[Bombay]]
|
|-
|1703
|Incorporated into Bombay
|Now in [[India]]
|-
|rowspan="8"|[[Singapore]]
|1824
|Purchased
|
|-
|1824
|[[Singapore in the Straits Settlements|Part of Straits Settlements]] (as residency of the [[Presidency of Bengal]])
|
|-
|1867–1946
|Part of Straits Settlements (crown colony)
|
|-
|1946–1955
|Crown colony
|
|-
|1955–1959
|self-governing colony
|
|-
|1959–1963
|State of Singapore
|
|-
|1963–1965
|[[Singapore in Malaysia|Part of Malaysia]]
|
|-style="background-color:#ccff99"
|1965
|Independence
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Emirate of Transjordan|Transjordan]]
|1920
|Part of [[British Mandate for Palestine (legal instrument)|Palestine Mandate]]
|-
|1923
|Formally separated from Palestine
|
|-
|1928
|[[Emirate]] independent, except for military and financial control
|
|-
|1946
|Formal independence
|Now known as [[Jordan]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Trucial States]]
|1892
|Protectorate
|
|-
|1971
|Formation of Federation of Arab Emirates
|Now part of the [[United Arab Emirates]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Weihaiwei under British rule|Weihaiwei]]
|1898–1930
|Leased from [[Qing Dynasty|China]]
|
|-
|1930
|Returned to the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]]
|Now part of the [[China|People's Republic of China]]
|-
|[[West Bengal]]<br />("''Bengal''")
|1905–1912
|Province of British India
|Established by the partition of Bengal. Abolished with the reversal of the partition and the creation of the new province of [[Bihar and Orissa]].
|-
|}

==Territorial evolution of the French Empire in Asia==

* [[French Indochina]]
**[[French Indochinese Union]] (1887–1954)
***[[French Protectorate of Laos|Laos (protectorate)]] (1893–1953)
*** [[French Protectorate of Cambodia|Cambodia (protectorate)]] (1863–1953)
***[[Vietnam]]
****[[French Cochinchina|Cochinchina]] (Southern Vietnam) (1858–1949)
**** [[Annam (French protectorate)|Annam (protectorate)]] (Central Vietnam) (1883–1949)
**** [[Tonkin (French protectorate)|Tonkin (protectorate)]] (Northern Vietnam) (1884–1949)
**** [[State of Vietnam]] (1949–1954)
**** [[Democratic Republic of Vietnam]]
**** [[Spratly Islands]] (1933–1939)
**** [[Paracel Islands]] (1933–1939) 
***Some territories on the eastern of [[Thailand]]. Thailand has lost 3 territories in total in the past 15 years, for example:
**** [[Chanthaburi Province]] (1893–1905)
**** [[Trat Province]] (1904–1907)
**** [[Dan Sai District]] (in the area of the [[Loei Province]]: 1903–1907)
* India and [[Sri Lanka]]
** [[French India]]
*** [[French Establishments of India]], composed of [[Pondicherry district|Pondichéry]] (1765–1954); [[Karikal]] (1725–1954); [[Mahé, India|Mahé]] (1721–1954) [[Yanam, French India|Yanaon]] (1723–1954); [[Chandernagor]] (1673–1952) 
* [[Taiwan]] 
** The city/port of [[Keelung]] (1884–1885)
** [[Pescadores Islands]] (1885)
* [[Basilan]] (1845)
* [[China]]
** The territory of [[Kouang-Tchéou-Wan]] (a dependency of [[French Indochina]]) (1898–1945)
** The foreign concessions: [[French Concession of Shanghai]] (1849–1946), [[Concessions in Tianjin#French concession .281860–1946.29|Tianjin]] (1860–1946) and [[Hankou]] (1898–1946)
** The spheres of French influence officially recognised by China in the provinces of [[Yunnan]], [[Guangxi]], [[Hainan]], [[Guangdong]]
** [[Shamian Island]] (1859–1949) (a fifth of the island)
* [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]
* [[Syria]] or [[French Syria]] (1920–1946) ([[French Mandate of Syria]])
** [[Alawite State]] (1920–1936)
** [[State of Aleppo]] (1920–1924)
** [[State of Jabal Druze]] (1921–1936)
** [[State of Damascus]] (1920–1924)
** [[Sanjak of Alexandretta]] (now part of [[Turkey]])
** [[State of Greater Lebanon]] (now it is [[Lebanon]]) (1920–1946)
* [[Lebanon]] or [[French Lebanon]] (1920–1946) ([[French Mandate of Lebanon]])
** [[Mount Lebanon]] (An international protocol fixes the autonomy of the [[mount Lebanon]] under the protection of France.)
* [[Yemen]]
** [[Cheikh Saïd]] (Some French atlases and history books claimed the territory was French, but France never occupied it and never claimed jurisdiction or sovereignty over the territory, which therefore was never French, remaining under Turkish, then Yemeni control.)

== See also ==
((Portal|Asia))
*[[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]
*[[List of dependent territories]]
*[[List of predecessors of sovereign states in Asia]]
*[[Colonialism]]
*[[Persian Gulf Residency]]
*[[Western imperialism in Asia|Imperialism in Asia]]
*[[Taiwan under Japanese rule]]
*[[Decolonisation]]
*[[Decolonisation of Africa]]
*[[Wars of national liberation]]

== Notes ==
((Notelist))

== References ==
((Reflist))

== Further reading ==
*[[K. M. Panikkar|Panikkar, K. M.]] (1953) ''Asia and Western Dominance, 1498–1945'', London: G. Allen and Unwin.

((Colonisation))

((DEFAULTSORT:Decolonisation of Asia))
[[Category:Decolonization]]
[[Category:History of Asia]]
[[Category:European colonisation in Asia]]
[[Category:Aftermath of World War II]]
[[Category:Decolonization by region]]

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