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((short description|Deer hunting estate in Scotland))
((for|the park in Michigan, U.S.|Paw Paw Lake, Michigan#Deer Forest))
((Use dmy dates|date=April 2022))
((More citations needed|date=March 2007))
The '''deer forest''' ([[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]]: '''frìth''') is a sporting estate which is kept and managed largely or solely for the purposes of maintaining a resident population of [[red deer]] for sporting ([[deer stalking]]) purposes. It is an institution and phenomenon peculiar to the [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] of [[Scotland]].

Typically, deer forests are in hilly and mountainous areas of the [[Highlands and Islands]]; and, despite the use of the term "forest" they are almost all devoid of trees - the word is used here in its original sense, meaning an area set aside for hunting, rather than its later association with trees (see [[Royal Forest]]).  The land is typically not suitable for crops.  Most deer forests have large areas covered with heath, in many places peat bogs, marshes, lochs or bare rock, elsewhere patches of grass or other herbage, while plantations of trees of greater or less extent may also occur.<ref name=ea>((Cite Americana|wstitle=Deer Forests))</ref> They usually extend to ((convert|10000|acre|km2|abbr=on)) and more, and deer which live there belong to the small-bodied, hill-dwelling race of red deer typical of northern Scotland, which have adapted to life on open hills after the loss of woodland habitat.

[[File:Overcast day in Craiganour deer forest - geograph.org.uk - 603893.jpg|thumb|Craiganour deer forest]]
Most deer forests are not fenced or enclosed in any way, and the deer can move freely across large tracts of hill country.  Boundaries, referred to as ''marches'', are usually marked by a river, stream, ridge, shoreline or similar natural feature.  ''Hind forests'' and ''stag forests'' are so called because of the tendencies of red deer to form large, single-sex herds outside the autumn [[Rut (mammalian reproduction)|rutting time]], and most forests hold either a resident stag herd or a hind herd for much of the year.

In ''deer forest'', the term ''forest'' is derived from the ancient and medieval use of the [[Latin]] word ''foris'' - "open" or "waste", to denote an extensive outdoor "waste area" kept as a hunting preserve.<ref>((cite book|last1=Cooke|first1=Arthur O.|title=The Forest of Dean|date=1913|publisher=Constable & Co.|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/details/forestdean00cookgoog/page/n20 3]|url=https://archive.org/details/forestdean00cookgoog|quote=deer forest latin waste.))</ref>

Scotland's deer forests are almost all privately owned and managed, although a few once-distinguished forests such as [[Torridon]] and [[Glenfeshie]] have moved into semi-public ownership via bodies such as the [[National Trust for Scotland]], the [[Royal Society for the Protection of Birds]] and the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]], and sporting deer stalking is no longer carried on there.

Some deer forests are retained in the hands of their proprietors, while many others are rented out, either for the shooting season or for a period of years, and in this case, may bring a large rental to their owners. A person who rents the ground pays a fee for every stag killed. A deer forest is always an expensive affair, not only for the rent that has to be paid, but also for the number of keepers, guides, watchers, beaters, etc., that have to be employed in connection with it.<ref name=ea/>

A comprehensive account of nearly all the deer forests in their late Victorian heyday is provided by Grimble (1896)<ref>Arthur Grimble – [[:File:The deer forests of Scotland (IA deerforestsofsco00grimrich).pdf|The Deer Forests of Scotland]] London 1896</ref>

==List of deer forests==
((columns-list|colwidth=22em|))
*[[Aberarder]] Forest
*[[Aberchalder]] Forest
*[[Achentoul]] Forest
*[[Achnashellach Forest]]
*[https://sac.jncc.gov.uk/site/UK0012762 Amat Forest]		
*[[Applecross]] Forest
*[[Ardverikie House|Ardverikie Forest]]
*[[Attadale, Scotland|Attadale Forest]]
*[[Loch Badanloch|Badanloch]] Forest
*[[Drumnadrochit#Balmacaan Estate|Balmacaan Forest]]
*[[Balmoral Castle|Balmoral Forest]]
*[[Balmore]] Forest
*[https://www.barrisdaleestate.com/home Barrisdale Forest]
*[https://getoutside.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/local/beinneun-forest-highland Beinneun Forest]
*[[Ben Alder]] Forest
*[[Ben Armine]] Forest
*[[Beinn Damh|Ben Damh]] Forest
*[[Ben More Assynt|Benmore Forest]]
*[https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featuredetails6718.html Blackwater Forest]
*[[Beaufort Castle, Scotland|Boblainy Forest]]
*[[Braemore]] Forest
*Braeroy Forest
*Bunloinn Forest
*Cabaan Forest
*[[Caenlochan]] Forest
*Ceannacroc Forest
*[[Loch Cluanie|Cluanie]] Forest
*[[River Findhorn#Course|Coignafearn Forest]]
*Corriehallie Forest
*Corriemoillie Forest
*Corrieyairack Forest
*[[Corrour Lodge#Corrour Estate|Corour Forest]]		
*Coulin Forest
*Craiganour Forest
*Culachy Forest
*Dalnacardoch Forest
*Dalnamein Forest
*Diebidale Forest
*Dalnaspidal Forest
*[[Assynt#Glencanisp and Drumrunie Estate|Drumrunie Forest]]
*[[Dundonnell and Fisherfield Forest|Dundonnell Forest]]
*[[Trees for Life (Scotland)#Dundreggan Estate|Dundreggan Forest]]
*East Benula Forest
*[https://dailybusinessgroup.co.uk/2019/08/peter-pan-estate-owner-buys-another-piece-of-the-highlands/ East Glenquoich Forest]
*[https://getoutside.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/local/east-monar-forest-highland/?v=2021 East Monar Forest]
*[[Erchless Castle|Erchless Forest]]
*Fannich Forest
*Fasnakyle Forest
*[[Dundonnell and Fisherfield Forest|Fisherfield Forest]]
*[[Baosbheinn|Flowerdale]] Forest
*[[Forest of Atholl]]
*[[Forest of Birse]]
*Forest of Glenartney
*Forest of [[River Avon, Strathspey|Glenavon]]
*Forest of Harris
*[[Mar Lodge Estate|Forest of Mar]]
*Freevater Forest
*[[River Tromie|Gaick]] Forest
*Garbat Forest
*[[Glen Affric#Current ownership|Glen Affric Forest]]
*Glencalvie Forest
*[[Assynt#Glencanisp and Drumrunie Estate|Glencanisp Forest]]
*[[Glen Cannich|Glencannich]] Forest
*[[Glencarron Estate|Glencarron and Glenuig Forest]]
*Glendoe Forest
*Glendhu Forest
*[[Anders Holch Povlsen#Scotland|Glenfeshie Forest]] - no longer managed for deer stalking
*[[River Fiddich|Glenfiddich Forest]]
*[[River Garry, Inverness-shire|Glengarry]] Forest
*Glenquoich Forest
*[[Glen Shiel|Glenshiel]] Forest
*Glenshieldaig Forest
*[[Laggan, Badenoch|Glenshirra]] Forest
*[[Glen Strathfarrar]] Forest
*[[Glen Affric|Guisachan]] Forest
*[[Ross, Scotland#Climate and agriculture|Inchbae]] Forest
*Inchnacardoch Forest
*[[Inchnadamph]] Forest
*[[Inverinate]] Forest
*[[Ardcharnich#Enlargement of holdings appeals|Inverlael]] Forest
*[[Inverpolly]] Forest
*[[Inverwick]] Forest
*Kildermorie Forest
*Killiechonate Forest
*[[Killilan]] Forest
*[[Kinlochewe|Kinlochewe Forest]]
*[[Kinloch Hourn|Kinlochhourn]] Forest
*[[Ross, Scotland#Climate and agriculture|Kinlochluichart]] Forest
*[[Kintail National Scenic Area|Kintail Forest]] - owned by the [[National Trust for Scotland]] and no longer managed for deer stalking
*[https://sac.jncc.gov.uk/site/UK0012759 Kinveachy Forest]
*Langwell Forest
*Leanachan Forest
*[[Ledgowan Forest]]
*[[Dundonnell and Fisherfield Forest|Letterewe Forest]]
*Levishie Forest
*Locheil Forest
*Loch Choire Forest
*Lochrosque Forest
*[[Mamores|Mamore]] Forest
*Morsgail Forest, Lewis
*Moy Forest
*Portclair Forest
*Rannoch Forest
*[https://www.grosvenor.com/rural-estates/reay-forest-estate-5ec3d8514b3a70369cbdf023beff4601?_gl=1*ayf8ut*_up*MQ..*_ga*MTgxMDAyNzYyOS4xNzAyNjM2MjMw*_ga_9B5D7GH3D5*MTcwMjYzNjIyOS4xLjEuMTcwMjYzNjI0OS4wLjAuMA..*_ga_86R3F7B84Y*MTcwMjYzNjIyOS4xLjEuMTcwMjYzNjI0OS4wLjAuMA.. Reay Forest] - owned by the [[Grosvenor Group]]
*[[Rhidorroch|Rhidorroch Forest]]
*Royal Forest
*Sherramore Forest
*Shieldaig Forest
*South Harris Forest
*Strathconon Forest
*Strathgarve Forest
*Strathnasheallag Forest
*Strathvaich Forest
*Struy Forest
*Talla Bheith Forest
*The Queens Forest
*Tollomuick Forest
*[[Torridon]] Forest  - no longer managed for deer stalking
*Tummel Forest
*West Benula Forest - portions including the lodge inundated by the [[Loch Mullardoch]] project
*West Monar Forest
*[[Ben Wyvis#Modern ownership|Wyvis Forest]]
<ref>Ordnance Survey One Inch maps of Scottish Highlands</ref>

==Notes==
((reflist))

==References==


((English Game))

[[Category:Deer hunting]]
[[Category:Rural Scotland]]
[[Category:Hunting and shooting in Scotland]]
[[Category:Highlands and Islands of Scotland]]
[[Category:Deer in Scotland]]

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