Representatives in the National Assembly of France
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In 2019, it was reported that the Government of France wanted to cut the number of deputies by 25%. This reform was later abandoned due to a lack of support in the Senate.[2]
Deputies have parliamentary immunity. They enjoy total freedom of expression within the National Assembly chamber, although they can be sanctioned by a majority of deputies for not complying with the rules of procedure. The maximum penalty is a 15-day suspension from sitting in Parliament. As of 2023 and since 1958, the maximum penalty has been voted three times; the most recent was against La France Insoumise deputy Thomas Portes, who pictured Labour Minister Olivier Dussopt decapitated on social media.[3] A deputy cannot be removed from office by other deputies.
Like senators and members of the executive, deputies have to submit a declaration of interests and assets to the Haute Autorité pour la transparence de la vie publique (HATVP). Such declarations are then verified and made publicly accessible.[4] Like senators, deputies hold various privileges. They can inspect – without having to announce their visit prior to arrival – a number of sites managed on behalf the executive to verify compliance with laws voted by Parliament.[5][6]
It is common for deputies, wearing their distinctive sash, to place themselves at the front of demonstrations, with the aim of being recognisable to police forces and protecting individuals behind them. At a 2023 demonstration in Sainte-Soline, Deux-Sèvres, deputies formed a line in front of police on site to allow medical teams to evacuate wounded participants who had clashed with police forces.[7][8] Wearing an official sash without the proper rights constitutes a punishable offence.
Deputies, like senators, can have a dual mandate at the local level (most notably municipal, departmental, regional councillor) but a new law that entered in application in 2017 has limited the practice's extent by restricting national officials' ability to serve in local executives. Deputies are paid 5,782.66 euros per month.[9]
Candidates can run for a seat in the National Assembly when they hold French citizenship, are at least 18 years old, as well as not have been declared incompetent in court or sentenced to a loss of civic rights.[10]
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