Charles III of Spain is the third surviving son of the first Bourbon King of Spain Philip V and Elisabeth Farnese. The descendants of Charles III of Spain, are numerous. Growing up in Madrid till he was 16, he was sent to the Italian Sovereign Duchy of Parma and Piacenza which, through his mother Elisabeth of Parma, was considered his birthright. Charles married only once, to the cultured Princess Maria Amalia of Saxony, with whom he had 13 children; 8 of these reached adulthood (most dying young of smallpox) and only 4 of these had issue.

A younger son of Charles would found the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, while his younger brother would found the House of Bourbon-Parma.^[1] This article deals with the children of Charles III and in turn their senior descendants.

Background of Charles

The future Charles III (Real Alcázar de Madrid, Madrid, Kingdom of Spain, 20 January 1716 – Royal Palace of Madrid, Madrid, Kingdom of Spain, 14 December 1788) was the King of Spain and the Spanish Indies from 1759 to his death in 1788.

Eldest son of Philip V of Spain and his second wife, Princess Elisabeth of Parma, he became the Duke of Parma and Piacenza under the name of Charles I (at the death of his great uncle Antonio Farnese); later on in 1734 while Duke of Parma he conquered the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily and was thus created the King of Naples and Sicily due to a personal union; he ruled under the simple name of Charles with no specific numeration even though time has made him Charles VII of Naples and Charles V and Sicily. In Sicily, he was known as Charles III of Sicily and of Jerusalem; using the ordinal one III rather than V for the Sicilian people did not recognise as their sovereign legitimate one or Charles I of Naples (Charles d'Anjou), against whom they rebelled, nor the Emperor Charles, quickly discharged of the island. He was crowned King of Naples and Sicily at Palermo, Sicily on 3 July 1735.

After becoming the King of Spain by default, he left the Neapolitan and Sicilian kingdoms to his third surviving son who was later Ferdinand IV of Naples; Ferdinand III of Sicily; Ferdinand would see the creation of the future Kingdom of the Two Sicilies which would be ruled by Charles' descendants till 1861.

He was a proponent of enlightened absolutism.

Family of Charles in 1743

Maria Amalia of Saxony

She was born at the Zwinger Palace in Dresden, the daughter of Augustus III of Poland, Elector of Saxony and Maria Josepha, herself daughter of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor. Her full name was Maria Amalia Christina Franziska Xaveria Flora Walburga von Sachsen. One of 15 children, she was the sister of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony,

In 1737 Maria Amalia became engaged to the future Charles III of Spain. The marriage date was confirmed on 31 October 1737. In 1738, at the age of 14, Maria Amalia married Charles of Bourbon, then King of Naples and Sicily. Despite the fact that this was an arranged marriage, the couple was very close and had many children. Maria Amalia had a proxy ceremony at Dresden in May 1738 with her brother.

The couple met for the first time on 19 June 1738 at Portella.

At the end of 1758, Charles' half brother Ferdinand VI was displaying the same symptoms of depression that their father used to suffer from. Ferdinand lost his devoted wife, Infanta Barbara of Portugal in August 1758 and would fall into deep mourning for her. He named Charles his heir on 10 December 1758 before leaving Madrid to stay at Villaviciosa de Odón where he died on 10 August 1759. In September 1760, a year after arriving in Madrid, Maria Amalia died from tuberculosis at the Buen Retiro Palace outside the capital. She was buried at the Royal Crypt in El Escorial. She was joined by her devoted husband in 1788.

Issue

Princess Maria Isabel

Maria Isabel Antonietta de Padua Francisca Januaria Francisca de Paula Juana Nepomucena Josefina Onesifora of Naples and Sicily was born at the Palace of Portici, Portici, Modern Italy, 6 September 1740, she died in Naples on 2 November 1742. Due to being a male line descendant of Philip V of Spain (paternal grandfather) she was an Infanta of Spain.

Princess Maria Josefa

Born Princess Maria Josefa Antonietta of Naples and Sicily at the Palace of Portici on 20 January 1742 she later died in Naples on 1 April 1742. She was an Infanta of Spain.

Princess Maria Isabel Ana

Princess Maria Isabel Ana was born at the Palace of Capodimonte on 30 April 1743; the young princess died at Capodimonte on 5 March 1749 at age 5 years, 10 months. She was an Infanta of Spain.

Princess Maria Josefa

Princess Maria Josefa Carmela was born at Gaeta in Italy on 6 July 1744; the first of the Charles' children to live past their fifth birthday, she died in Madrid on 8 December 1801; despite her long life little is known of her. She was an Infanta of Spain.

Princess Maria Luisa

Born at the Palace of Portici on 24 November 1745, she would die at the Imperial Palace of the Hofburg in Vienna, 15 May 1792 aged 46. She would marry Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and become the future Holy Roman Empress; Queen consort of the Romans, Hungary and Bohemia; Archduchess consort of Austria; Grand Duchess consort of Tuscany. Despite being born as Princess Maria Luisa of Naples and Sicily, her "style" changed to Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain after 1759 when her father became King of Spain. She was buried in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna.

Descendant	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Maria Luisa of Spain 1745–1792		24 November 1745 Naples daughter of Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony	Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor 16 February 1764 15 children	15 May 1792 Vienna aged 46
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 1792–1835		12 February 1768 Florence son of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Infante Maria Luisa of Spain	Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg 6 January 1788 one child Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily 15 September 1790 12 children Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este 6 January 1808 no children Caroline Augusta of Bavaria 29 October 1816 no children	2 March 1835 Vienna aged 67
Ferdinand I of Austria 1835–1848		19 April 1793 Florence son of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily	Maria Anna of Savoy 27 February 1831 no children	29 June 1875 Vienna aged 82
Archduke Franz Karl of Austria 1848–1878		17 December 1802 Vienna son of Francis II and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily	Princess Sophie of Bavaria 4 November 1824 Vienna	8 March 1878 Vienna aged 75
Franz Joseph I of Austria 1878–1916		18 August 1830, Schönbrunn Palace son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Princess Sophie of Bavaria	Elisabeth of Bavaria 24 April 1854 4 children	21 November 1916 Schönbrunn Palace aged 86
Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg 1916–1962		29 September 1902 son of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, son of Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria, son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria	Countess Maria Elisabeth Bona von Waldburg zu Wolfegg und Waldsee 16 November 1926 6 children	8 January 1962 aged 59
Franz, Duke of Hohenberg 1962–1977		13 September 1927 Artstetten Castle, Austria son of Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg and Countess Maria of Waldburg at Wolfegg and Waldsee	Princess Elisabeth of Luxembourg 9 May 1956 2 children	16 August 1977 aged 49
Princess Anna (Anita) of Hohenberg 1977–		18 August 1958 Schloss Berg, Luxembourg daughter of Franz, Duke of Hohenberg and Princess Elisabeth of Luxembourg	Romée de la Poëze, Count of Harambure 15 July 1978 4 children Count Andreas von Bardeau 9 July 2005 no children

Prince Felipe

Prince Felipe Antonio Genaro Pasquale Francesco de Paula of Naples and Sicily was born the first son at the Palace of Portici, 13 June 1747; titled the Duke of Calabria, he was excluded from succession to the throne due to his mental conditions; he died at the Palace of Portici, 19 September 1777 and was buried in Naples. He was an Infante of Spain.

Charles IV of Spain

Prince Carlos Antonio Pascual Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno Jose Januario Serafin Diego of Naples and Sicily

Descendant	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Charles IV of Spain 1788–1819		11 November 1748 Palace of Portici son of Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony	Maria Luisa of Parma 1765 14 children	19 January 1819 Palazzo Barberini, Rome aged 70
Ferdinand VII of Spain 1819–1833		14 October 1784 El Escorial son of Charles IV of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma	Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies 4 October 1802 Barcelona No children Maria Isabel of Portugal 1816 1 child Maria Josepha of Saxony 20 October 1819 No children Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies 11 December 1829 Madrid 2 children	29 September 1833 Madrid aged 48
Isabella II of Spain 1833–1904		10 October 1830 Madrid daughter of Ferdinand VII of Spain and Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies	Francis of Spain 10 October 1846 12 children	10 April 1904 Paris aged 73
Alfonso XII of Spain 1874–1885		28 November 1857 Madrid son of Isabella II of Spain and Francis, Duke of Cádiz	Mercedes of Orléans 23 January 1878 No children Maria Christina of Austria 29 November 1879 3 children	25 November 1885 El Pardo aged 27
Alfonso XIII of Spain 1904–1941		17 May 1886 Madrid son of Alfonso XII of Spain and Maria Christina of Austria	Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg 31 May 1906 7 children	28 February 1941 Rome aged 54
Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia 1941–1975		23 June 1908 Segovia son of Alfonso XIII of Spain and Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg	Emmanuelle de Dampierre 4 March 1935 Rome 2 children	20 March 1975 St. Gallen aged 67
Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz 1975–1989		20 April 1936 Rome son of Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia and Emmanuelle de Dampierre	María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco 8 March 1972 Royal Palace of El Pardo 2 children	30 January 1989 Beaver Creek aged 53
Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou 1989–present		25 April 1974 Madrid son of Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz and María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco	Maria Margarita, Duchess of Anjou 5 November 2004 Caracas 3 children

Princess Maria Teresa

Maria Teresa Antonieta Francisca Javier Francisca de Paula Serafina was born at the Royal Palace of Naples, 2 December 1749; the young princess died at the Palace of Portici on 2 May 1750. She was an Infanta of Spain.

Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriage(s)	Death
Ferdinand I 1816–1825		12 January 1751 Naples son of Charles VII and Maria Amalia of Saxony	Marie Caroline of Austria 12 May 1768 17 children Lucia Migliaccio of Floridia 27 November 1814 No children	4 January 1825 Naples aged 73
Francis I 1825–1830		14 August 1777 Naples son of Ferdinand I and Maria Carolina of Austria	Maria Isabella of Spain 6 July 1802 12 children	8 November 1830 Naples aged 53
Ferdinand II 1830–1859		12 January 1810 Palermo son of Francis I and Maria Isabella of Spain	Maria Christina of Savoy 21 November 1832 1 child Maria Theresa of Austria 9 January 1837 12 children	22 May 1859 Caserta aged 49
Francis II 1859–1861		16 January 1836 Naples son of Ferdinand II and Maria Christina of Savoy	Maria Sophie of Bavaria 8 January 1859 1 child	27 December 1894 Arco aged 58
Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta 1894–1934		28 March 1841 Caserta son of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies and Maria Theresa of Austria	Princess Antonietta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies 8 June 1868 12 children	26 May 1934 Cannes aged 93
Prince Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria 1934–1960		25 July 1869 Rome son of Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta and Princess Maria Antonietta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies	Princess Maria Ludwiga Theresia of Bavaria 31 May 1897 6 children	7 January 1960 Lindau aged 90
Princess Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies 1960–1985		4 May 1899 Madrid daughter of Prince Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria and Princess Maria Ludwiga Theresia of Bavaria	Manuel Sotomayor Luna 3 March 1948 no children	21 April 1985 Quito, Ecuador aged 85
Princess Lucia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies 1985–2001		9 July 1908 Nymphenburg Palace, Munich, Bavaria daughter of Prince Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria and Princess Maria Ludwiga Theresia of Bavaria	Eugenio, 5th Duke of Genoa 29 October 1938 1 child	3 November 2001 São Paulo, Brazil aged 93
Princess Maria Isabella of Savoy-Genoa 2001–		23 June 1943 Rome daughter of Princess Lucia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and Eugenio, 5th Duke of Genoa	Alberto Frioli 7 April 1943 4 children

Prince Gabriel

Prince Gabriel Antonio Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno José Serafin Pascual Salvador of Naples and Sicily was born at the Palace of Portici, 11 May 1752; married Infanta Mariana Vitória of Portugal, daughter of Maria I of Portugal; had three children two of which died young; died at his private residence, the Casita del Infante, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain, 23 November 1788.

Descendant	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Infante Gabriel of Spain 1752–1788		12 May 1752 Palace of Portici son of Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony	Infanta Mariana Victoria of Portugal 1785 3 children	23 November 1788 Casita del Infante, El Escorial, Spain aged 36
Infante Peter Charles of Spain and Portugal 1788–1812		18 June 1786 Aranjuez, Spain son of Infante Gabriel of Spain and Infanta Mariana Victoria of Portugal	Teresa, Princess of Beira 1810 1 child	4 July 1812 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil aged 26
Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain 1812–1875		4 November 1811 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil son of Infante Peter Charles of Spain and Portugal and Teresa, Princess of Beira	Princess Maria Amalia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies 1832 no children Maria Cristina of Spain 1860 5 children	13 February 1875 Pau, France aged 63
Francisco de Borbón y de Borbón, Duke of Marchena 1875–1923		1861 Madrid, Spain son of Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain and Maria Cristina of Spain	Maria del Pilar de Muguiro y Beruete, Duchess of Villa-Franca 1886 3 children	1923 aged 62
Cristina de Borbón y de Muguiro, Duchess of Marchena 1923–1981		1889 Paris, France daughter of Francisco de Borbón y de Borbón, Duke of Marchena and Maria del Pilar de Muguiro y Beruete, Duchess of Villa-Franca	Leopold Walford 1911 4 children	1981 London, England aged 62
Juan Jorge Walford y de Borbón, Duke of Ansola and Marchena 1981–		1912 Paris, France son of Cristina de Borbón y de Muguiro, Duchess of Marchena and Leopold Walford	Emanuela Hawkins 1935 7 children

Princess Maria Ana

Born at the Palace of Portici, 3 July 1754; she died at the Palace of Capodimonte, 11 May 1755. She was an Infanta of Spain.

Prince Antonio Pascual

Prince Antonio Pascual Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno Aniello Raimundo Sylvestre of Naples and Sicily was born at the Caserta Palace, 31 December 1755; he married his niece, Infanta Maria Amalia of Spain (1779–1798) in 1795 and had no issue. He died in Madrid on 20 April 1817. He is more commonly known as Infante Antonio Pascual. He was buried at El Escorial.

Prince Francis

Prince Francisco Javier Antonio Pascual Bernardo Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Aniello Julian of Naples and Sicily was born at the Caserta Palace on 15 February 1757 little is known of the youngest of Charles' children but he did move to Spain with his parents in 1759; he died unmarried and without known issue at the Royal Palace of Aranjuez, Spain on 10 April 1771. He was buried at El Escorial.