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((multiple issues|
((Update|inaccurate=yes|date=August 2009))
((More citations needed|date=June 2011))
((POV|date=May 2014))
))

((Infobox Prison
| prison_name    = Deuel Vocational Institution (DVI)
| image          = [[File:Seal of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.png|150px]] <br /> [[File:Deuel Vocational Institution, Tracy, California.jpg|240px|Deuel Vocational Institution main entrance]]
| location       = [[San Joaquin County, California]]
| coordinates    = ((coord|37.7479|-121.3302|region:US-CA_type:landmark_source:wikimapia| display=inline,title))
| status         = Closed
| classification =
| capacity       = 1,681
| population     = 2,047 (121.8% capacity)
| populationdate = April 30, 2020<ref name="april2020pop">((cite web|url=https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/research/wp-content/uploads/sites/174/2020/05/Tpop1d2004.pdf|title=California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation: Monthly Report of Population As of Midnight April 30, 2020|date=April 30, 2020|website=California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, Division of Internal Oversight and Research|access-date=May 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503014424/https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/research/wp-content/uploads/sites/174/2020/05/Tpop1d2004.pdf|archive-date=May 3, 2020))</ref>
| opened         = 1953
| closed         = 2021
| managed_by     = [[California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation]]
))

'''Deuel Vocational Institution (DVI)''' was a [[list of California state prisons|state prison]] located in [[unincorporated area|unincorporated]] [[San Joaquin County, California|San Joaquin County]], [[California]], near [[Tracy, California|Tracy]].<ref>"[http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Facilities_Locator/DVI.html Deuel Vocational Institution]." [[California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation]]. Retrieved on June 6, 2011. "23500 Kasson Road Tracy, CA 95376"</ref><ref>"[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US0680238&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on Tracy city, California] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080203194502/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on&geo_id=16000US0680238 |date=2008-02-03 ))." [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. Retrieved on June 6, 2011.</ref> The prison closed on September 30, 2021.<ref>((cite web | url=https://www.recordnet.com/story/news/2021/09/30/tracys-deuel-vocational-institution-closes/5939895001/ | title=Tracy's Deuel Vocational Institution closes following state's 2020 multi-year budget plan ))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=https://www.davisvanguard.org/2021/12/cdcr-closing-two-prisons-and-experiencing-staffing-shortages/#:~:text=The%20first%20prison%2C%20Deuel%20Vocational,close%20by%20June%2030%2C%202022 | title=CDCR Closing Two Prisons and Experiencing Staffing Shortages | date=6 December 2021 ))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/prison-closures/ | title=Prison Closure Information ))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=https://www.ttownmedia.com/tracy_press/news/deuel-vocational-institution-is-now-closed/article_886ea2ac-0c1f-11ec-90aa-537c8a669e69.html | title=Deuel Vocational Institution is now closed | date=2 September 2021 ))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=https://www.davisvanguard.org/2021/02/legislative-analysts-office-skeptical-after-warm-shutdown-of-deuel-vocational-institution/ | title=Legislative Analyst's Office Skeptical after 'Warm Shutdown' of Deuel Vocational Institution | date=9 February 2021 ))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/california-closing-deuel-vocational-institute-in-tracy-1st-of-2-state-prisons-to-be-shuttered/ | title=California Closing Deuel Vocational Institute in Tracy; 1st of 2 State Prisons to be Shuttered | website=[[CBS News]] | date=25 September 2020 ))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=https://sanquentinnews.com/cdcr-plans-to-close-dvi-in-2021/ | title=CDCR plans to close DVI in 2021 ))</ref><ref>https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/the-state-worker/article246013385.html ((Bare URL inline|date=September 2022))</ref>

==Facilities==
[[File:San Joaquin County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Tracy Highlighted.svg|thumb|Location of Tracy within San Joaquin County and San Joaquin County within California]] 
DVI opened in 1953 and named for California state senator [[Charles H. Deuel]], who sponsored legislation establishing the institution.  The facility has been expanded and reorganized several times, in 1959, 1981 and 1993.

As of April 30, 2020, DVI was incarcerating people at 121.8% of its design capacity, with 2,047 occupants.<ref name="april2020pop"/>

In 1956 the [[Mexican Mafia]] was established at Deuel.<ref>[[Graeme Wood (journalist)|Wood, Graeme]]. "[https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/10/how-gangs-took-over-prisons/379330/ How Gangs Took Over Prisons]." ''[[The Atlantic]]''. October 2014. Retrieved on August 8, 2016.</ref>

One purpose of DVI was to serve as a reception center for newly committed prisoners to the [[California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation]] from northern California county jails. The facility also housed "mainline" inmates classified by CDCR as levels II and III. There was also a minimum security "ranch" that supports a dairy.  As of January 2006, the total count of prisoners at DVI was 3,748, with 3,162 of that number assigned to the reception center.((citation needed|date=March 2014))

As a result of DVI's primary function as a reception center, in which a large number of felons of different propensities for violence, disciplinary and security issues pass through before being classified and transferred to other facilities, DVI has a long-standing reputation for being violent and dangerous.  The facility used to be referred to as "gladiator school" by inmates and staff, because the DVI was widely known for the fights and homicides that took place within the prison walls.((citation needed|date=March 2014))

As recently as June 2010, an inmate murder in the facility has been recorded.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.recordnet.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100909/A_NEWS/100909871|title= Cellmate to be charged with murder – for a second time|year=2010|publisher=RecordNet|accessdate=2010-09-09))</ref>

DVI also had a 110-inmate farm and operate a 1200-cow dairy. They grew cattle grain and supply milk to other state prisons and tax-supported public agencies.

==Notable inmates==
*[[Rodolfo Cadena]] (1943-1972), mob boss; later stabbed to death in another prison
*[[Diego Corrales]] (1977-2007), boxer; served 14 months for assault<ref>((cite web|last=Gerbasi |first=Thomas |url=http://a.espncdn.com/boxing/a/2003/0423/1543351.html |title=ESPN.com - BOXING - Diego Corrales: No More Drama |publisher=A.espncdn.com |date=2001-01-20 |accessdate=2022-08-19))</ref>
*Fleeta Drumgo (1945-1979), member of the [[San Quentin Six]]; served time for attempted murder<ref name="Davis Jordan">((cite journal|last=Davis Jordan|first=Fania|title=The San Quentin Six: A Case of Vengeance|date=March 1974|journal=The Black Scholar|volume=5|issue=6|pages=44–50|publisher=Paradigm Publishers|doi=10.1080/00064246.1974.11431392|jstor=41065690))</ref>
*[[Rene Enriquez (mobster)|Rene "Boxer" Enriquez]] (born 1962), gang member; later sent to [[Pelican Bay State Prison]] in 1993<ref>Inmate Information: [https://inmatelocator.cdcr.ca.gov/Details.aspx?ID=H69471 ENRIQUEZ, RENE OLMOS]. Admission Date: 03/25/1993. Current Location: [[Ironwood State Prison]]. Information current as of: 07/22/2018</ref>
*[[Joe Fong]] (born 1954/5), former gang member; released in 1979<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/76275427@N05/7490755646|title = Joe Fong: From gang leader to grad school|date = 2 July 2012))</ref>
*[[Glen Stewart Godwin]] (born 1958), murderer; later transferred to [[Folsom State Prison]]
*[[Clem Grogan]] (born 1951), [[Manson family]] member<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0SYuOa2yJA|title = - YouTube|website = [[YouTube]]))</ref>
*[[Gary Steven Krist]], most notable for the [[Barbara Mackle kidnapping]] in 1968, briefly escaped from DVI in 1966<ref>((cite case law |litigants=Krist v. Smith |vol=309 |reporter=F. Supp. |opinion=497 |pinpoint=89  |court=S.D. Ga. |date=1970 |url=https://casetext.com/case/krist-v-smith |access-date=August 5, 2022))</ref>
*[[Chol Soo Lee]] (1952-2014), immigrant wrongfully convicted of murder; later transferred to [[San Quentin State Penitentiary]] for killing an inmate; acquitted in 1983<ref>https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.napaba.org/resource/resmgr/2018_napaba_con/call_for_programs/cle_course_materials/302_cle_materials.pdf ((Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022))</ref>
*Robert Maxfield (born c.1978), convicted for the [[murder of Yetunde Price]]; served 12 years before being released on parole<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.vibe.com/news/sports/venus-serena-williams-sister-killer-released-599229/|title = Venus and Serena Williams' Sister's Killer Released from Prison|date = 31 July 2018))</ref>
*[[Gregory Powell (murderer)|George U. Powell]] (1933-2012), murderer; died at [[California Medical Facility]]<ref>((cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19940907&id=5ZIzAAAAIBAJ&pg=5690,664499&hl=en|title=Lodi News-Sentinel - Google News Archive Search))</ref>
*[[Craig Smith (musician)|Craig V. Smith]] (1945-2012), musician; sentenced for trying to kill his mother; served time in several prisons, including DVI; paroled in 1976
*[[Raymond Washington]] (1953-1979), gangster and [[Crips gang]] founder; served 5 years for robbery
*Melvin Yu, one of the perpetrators of the [[Golden Dragon massacre]]; released from [[Solano State Prison]] in 2015<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives|title = Archives|website = [[Los Angeles Times]]))</ref>

==See also==
((Portal|California|Law))
* [[List of California state prisons]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*[http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Facilities_Locator/DVI.html DVI official website]
*[http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/ California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation Official website]

((State prisons in California))
((Authority control))

[[Category:1953 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in San Joaquin County, California]]
[[Category:Prisons in California]]
[[Category:Tracy, California]]

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