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((More citations needed|date=December 2008))
((Infobox brain
| Name            = Diagonal band of Broca
| Latin           = stria diagonalis
| Image           = Gray724.png
| Caption         = Base of brain. (Diagonal band of Broca not labeled, but anterior perforated substance labeled at center.)
| Image2          = Human brainstem anterior view 2 description.JPG
| Caption2        = Human brainstem, anterior view. (Diagonal band of Broca not labeled, but anterior perforated substance is #5.)
))
The '''diagonal band of Broca''' interconnects the [[amygdala]] and the [[septal area]]. It is one of the olfactory structures. It is situated upon the inferior aspect of the brain.<ref>((Cite book |last=Gould |first=Douglas J. |title=High-Yield Neuroanatomy |last2=Brueckner-Collins |first2=Jennifer K. |last3=Fix |first3=James Douglas |date= |publisher=Wolters Kluwer |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4511-9343-5 |edition=5th |location=Philadelphia |pages=4))</ref> It forms the medial margin of the [[anterior perforated substance]].<ref name="isbn0-7817-2829-0">((cite book |author=Fix, James D. |title=Neuroanatomy |url=https://archive.org/details/neuroanatomy0003fixj |url-access=registration |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Hagerstwon, MD |year=2002 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/neuroanatomy0003fixj/page/338 338] |isbn=0-7817-2829-0 ))</ref>

It was described by the French neuroanatomist [[Paul Broca]].<ref name=":0">((Cite journal|last=Liu|first=A. K. L.|last2=Lim|first2=E. J.|last3=Ahmed|first3=I.|last4=Chang|first4=R. C.‐C.|last5=Pearce|first5=R. K. B.|last6=Gentleman|first6=S. M.|date=December 2018|title=Review: Revisiting the human cholinergic nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca|journal=Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology|volume=44|issue=7|pages=647–662|doi=10.1111/nan.12513|issn=0305-1846|pmc=6282557|pmid=30005126))</ref>

==Structure==
It consists of fibers that are said to arise in the [[parolfactory area]], the [[gyrus subcallosus]] and the [[anterior perforated substance]], and course backward in the [[Longitudinal striae of Lancisi|longitudinal striae]] to the [[dentate gyrus]] and the [[hippocampal region]].((Citation needed|date=August 2023))

This is a [[cholinergic]] bundle of nerve fibers posterior to the [[anterior perforated substance]]. It interconnects the [[subcallosal gyrus]] in the [[septal area]] with the [[hippocampus]] and [[lateral olfactory area]].((Citation needed|date=August 2023))

===Nuclei===
Two structures are often described in this brain regions, namely the nuclei of the vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal band of Broca (nvlDBB and nhlDBB, respectively). nvlDBB projects to the [[hippocampal formation]] through the [[fornix of the brain|fornix]] and it is the second largest assembly of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain whereas nhlDBB projects to the [[olfactory bulb]] and it does not have a significant population of cholinergic neurons.<ref name=":0" />

=== Development ===
It is one of the [[basal forebrain]] structures that are derived from the ventral [[Cerebrum|telencephalon]] during development.<ref name="isbn0-7817-2829-0" />

==Function==
Along with the [[septum pellucidum]] and [[medial septal nucleus]], the diagonal band of Broca is believed to be involved in the generation of [[theta wave]]s in the [[hippocampus]].<ref name="isbn0-19-510027-1">((cite book |author=O'Keefe, John |author2=Andersen, Per |author3=Morris, Richard |author4=David Amaral |author5=Tim Bliss |title=The hippocampus book |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford [Oxfordshire] |year=2007 |pages=480 |isbn=978-0-19-510027-3 ))</ref> It also inhibits [[magnocellular neurosecretory cell]]s via GABA interneurons.<ref>((cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Colin H. |title=Magnocellular Neurons and Posterior Pituitary Function |journal=Comprehensive Physiology |date=2016 |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=1701–1741 |doi=10.1002/cphy.c150053 |publisher=American Cancer Society |pmid=27783857 |isbn=9780470650714 |language=en))</ref>

Its behavior can be altered by [[nerve growth factor]].<ref>((cite journal |vauthors=Huh CY, Danik M, Manseau F, Trudeau LE, Williams S |title=Chronic exposure to nerve growth factor increases acetylcholine and glutamate release from cholinergic neurons of the rat medial septum and diagonal band of Broca via mechanisms mediated by p75NTR |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=1404–9 |date=February 2008 |pmid=18256260 |doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4851-07.2008 |pmc=6671585 |doi-access=free ))</ref>

== Pathology ==
A significant nvlDBB neuronal loss is seen in [[Lewy body dementia]].<ref name=":0" />

==References==
((Gray's))
((Reflist))

((Cerebral limbic system))
((Portal bar|Anatomy))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Rostral basal ganglia and associated structures]]

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