Dieter Rams
Dieter Rams in 2010
Born (1932-05-20) 20 May 1932 (age 91)
Wiesbaden, Hesse-Nassau, Prussia, Germany
NationalityGerman
OccupationIndustrial designer
Known forTen principles of "good design"
Braun consumer products
Vitsœ 606 Universal Shelving System
SpouseIngeborg Kracht-Rams
AwardsCommander's Cross (Order of Merit, Germany)

Dieter Rams (born 20 May 1932) is a German industrial designer who is most closely associated with the consumer products company Braun, the furniture company Vitsœ, and the functionalist school of industrial design. His unobtrusive approach and belief in "less, but better" (German: Weniger, aber besser) design has influenced the practice of design, as well as 20th century aesthetics and culture.[1][2] He is quoted as stating that "Indifference towards people and the reality in which they live is actually the one and only cardinal sin in design."[3]

Life and career

Dieter Rams began his studies in architecture and interior decoration at Wiesbaden School of Art in 1947, now part of the RheinMain University of Applied Sciences. A year later, in 1948, he took a break from studying to gain practical experience and finish his carpentry apprenticeship. He returned to the Wiesbaden School of Art in 1948 and graduated in architecture with honours in 1953, after which he began working for Frankfurt-based architect Otto Apel [de]. In 1955, he was recruited by Braun as an architect and an interior designer, and eventually became a protégé of Fritz Eichler [de] and the Ulm School of Design professors Hans Gugelot and Otl Aicher,[4] all of whom worked with Braun in various capacities.[5][6]

Braun Phonosuper SK 4, "Snow White's coffin," by Dieter Rams and Hans Gugelot for Braun, 1956

Braun

Rams joined Braun in 1955 at the age of 23, and in 1961, he became head of design at the company, a position he retained until his retirement at the age of 65 in 1997.[4][7][8]

Rams and his staff designed many memorable products for Braun including the famous SK 4 radiogram and the high-quality 'D'-series (D 45, D 46) of 35mm film slide projectors. The SK 4, known as the "Snow White's coffin," is considered revolutionary because it transitioned household appliance design away from looking like traditional furniture.[9] By producing electronic gadgets that were remarkable in their austere aesthetic and user friendliness, Rams made Braun a household name in the 1950s.

In 1968, Rams designed the cylindric T 2 cigarette lighter for Braun. A member of the company's board had asked him for a design; Rams replied, "only if we design our own technology to go inside them." Successive versions of the product went on to use then-current motorcycle-like magnetic ignition, followed by piezoelectric, and finally solar-powered mechanisms.[10]

Vitsœ

Rams's furniture in a Vitsœ store in Tokyo

In 1959, Rams began a collaboration with Vitsœ, at the time known as Vitsœ-Zapf, which led to the development of the 606 Universal Shelving System, which is still sold today, with only minor changes from the original.[11] He also designed furniture for Vitsœ in the 1960s, including the 620 chair collection.[6] He worked with both Braun and Vitsœ until his retirement in 1997, and continues to work with Vitsœ.[4]

Influence

His approach to design and his aesthetics influenced Apple designer Jonathan Ive[12] and many Apple products pay tribute[13] to Rams's work for Braun,[14] including Apple's iOS 6 calculator, which references[15] the 1977 ET66 calculator,[16] and prior to a redesign, the appearance of the playing screen in Apple's Podcast app mimicked the appearance of the Braun TG 60 reel-to-reel tape recorder. The iOS 7 world clock app closely mirrors Braun's clock and watch design, while the original iPod closely resembles the Braun T3 transistor radio.[17][18][8] In Gary Hustwit's 2009 documentary film Objectified, Rams states that Apple is one of the few companies designing products according to his principles.[19][20]

The designer Jasper Morrison has spoken[21] of his grandfather's Rams designed Braun "Snow White's Coffin" being an "important influence on [his] choice in becoming a designer."[22][23][15]

"Good design" principles

Braun SK 61

Rams introduced the idea of sustainable development, and of obsolescence being a crime in design, in the 1970s.[4] Accordingly, he asked himself the question: "Is my design a good design?" The answer he formed became the basis for his celebrated ten principles. According to him, "good design":[24][25]

  1. is innovative – The possibilities for progression are not, by any means, exhausted. Technological development is always offering new opportunities for original designs. But imaginative design always develops in tandem with improving technology, and can never be an end in itself.
  2. makes a product useful – A product is bought to be used. It has to satisfy not only functional, but also psychological and aesthetic criteria. Good design emphasizes the usefulness of a product whilst disregarding anything that could detract from it.[26]
  3. is aesthetic – The aesthetic quality of a product is integral to its usefulness because products are used every day and have an effect on people and their well-being. Only well-executed objects can be beautiful.
  4. makes a product understandable – It clarifies the product’s structure. Better still, it can make the product clearly express its function by making use of the user's intuition. At best, it is self-explanatory.
  5. is unobtrusive – Products fulfilling a purpose are like tools. They are neither decorative objects nor works of art. Their design should therefore be both neutral and restrained, to leave room for the user's self-expression.
  6. is honest – It does not make a product appear more innovative, powerful or valuable than it really is. It does not attempt to manipulate the consumer with promises that cannot be kept.
  7. is long-lasting – It avoids being fashionable and therefore never appears antiquated. Unlike fashionable design, it lasts many years – even in today's throwaway society.
  8. is thorough down to the last detail – Nothing must be arbitrary or left to chance. Care and accuracy in the design process show respect towards the consumer.
  9. is environmentally friendly – Design makes an important contribution to the preservation of the environment. It conserves resources and minimizes physical and visual pollution throughout the lifecycle of the product.
  10. is as little design as possible – Less, but better. Simple as possible but not simpler. Good design elevates the essential functions of a product.

Awards and recognition

Rams at the 50th Anniversary of Braun Innovation exhibition, Boston 2005

Rams has been involved in design for seven decades and has received many honorary appellations throughout his career.[27]

Awards and honours

Less and More exhibition

Less and More is an exhibition of Rams's landmark designs for Braun and Vitsœ. It first traveled to Japan in 2008 and 2009,[31] appearing at the Suntory Museum in Osaka and the Fuchu Art Museum in Tokyo. Between November 2009 and March 2010 it appeared at the Design Museum in London.[32][33] It appeared at the Museum für Angewandte Kunst in Frankfurt from July to September 2010.[34][35] The exhibit then appeared at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art from August 2011 to February 2012.[36]

Rams documentary

On June 22, 2016, filmmaker Gary Hustwit[37] announced his documentary Rams and launched a Kickstarter campaign for the project. The full-length documentary features in-depth conversations with Rams about his design philosophy, the process behind some of his most iconic designs, his inspiration and his regrets. Some of the funds raised in the Kickstarter campaign also helped to preserve Rams's design archive in cooperation with the Dieter and Ingeborg Rams Foundation.[38]

Dieter Rams. A Style Room

In 2022, the Museum für Angewandte Kunst in Frankfurt updated and expanded its permanent display titled "Dieter Rams. A Style Room" to mark the designer's 90th birthday. The exhibit also includes photographs by his wife, Ingeborg Rams.[39]

Dieter Rams. Looking back and ahead exhibition

In 2021 an exhibition of approximately 30 works, 100 photographs, and information panels opened at the Museum Angewandte Kunst.[40][41] The exhibit was subsequently on view at the Goethe Institute in New York in 2022,[42] and the ADI Design Museum in Milan in 2023.[43][44]

Gallery of works

Notes

  1. ^ a b Dieter Rams and Hans Gugelot
  2. ^ a b Dieter Rams and Dietrich Lubs [de]

Publications

References

  1. ^ "What is "Good" Design? A quick look at Dieter Rams' Ten Principles". Design Museum. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  2. ^ Lange, Alexandra (28 November 2018). "What We've Learned from Dieter Rams, and What We've Ignored". The New Yorker. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  3. ^ Dziersk, Mark (2 December 2012). "In tribute to Mr. Rams". Fast Company. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d "Dieter Rams Biography". Vitsoe.com. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
  5. ^ "Hans Gugelot". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  6. ^ a b Lovell, Sophie (22 November 2016). "Dieter Rams' modular designs open a world of possibilities at the Vitra Schaudepot". Wallpaper* Magazine. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  7. ^ What weve learned from Dieter Rams and what weve ignored, The New Yorker, November 28, 2018
  8. ^ a b c Zuber, Anne (22 October 2010). "Ein Mann räumt auf" [A man cleans up]. Zeit Online (www.zeit.de) (in German). Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  9. ^ "Master and commandments". Wallpaper. IPC Media (103): 321. October 2007. ISSN 1364-4475. OCLC 948263254. the Phonosuper SK4, dubbed 'Snow White coffin' because of its transparent lid and white metal casing. The SK4 was revolutionary. Perhaps more than any other product, it marked the end of chunky, bourgeois household electrical products decoratively disguised as pieces of furniture
  10. ^ "05 Good design is unobtrusive". Wallpaper. IPC Media (103): 331. October 2007. ISSN 1364-4475. OCLC 948263254. A member of the Braun board came to me one day and asked if we could design cigarette lighters and I replied, 'Only if we design our own technology to go inside them.' So we developed an entirely new magnetic ignition system. It needed quite a bit of pressure to ignite —the technology came from the motorbike kick-start mechanism— [...] A later version with piezoelectric ignition was more economical, and the final version developed in 1974 was solar-powered
  11. ^ Rams, Dieter. "606 Universal Shelving System". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
  12. ^ Ling, Brian (19 January 2008). "Jonathan Ive, Design Genius or Something Else?". Design Sojourn. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  13. ^ Wilson, Mark (1 September 2016). "The Irony Of Apple's War On Design Theft". Fast Company. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  14. ^ Kosner, Anthony Wing. "Jony Ives' (No Longer So) Secret Design Weapon". Forbes. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  15. ^ a b Lovell, Sophie; Klemp, Klaus (12 August 2021). "Looking back, and ahead". www.vitsoe.com. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
  16. ^ "Apple design and Dieter Rams". mac-history.net. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  17. ^ "Design Classic: Dieter Rams' T3 radio". Financial Times. 5 February 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
  18. ^ Dunning, Brad; Göksenin, Lili (16 May 2017). "This Massive Dieter Rams Braun Collection Is Pure Design Brilliance". GQ. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  19. ^ "Design evolution". Braun GmbH. 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2011. Designer: Dieter Rams and Dietrich Lubs
  20. ^ "The Future Of Apple Is In 1960s Braun: 1960s Braun Products Hold the Secrets to Apple's Future". gizmodo.com. Gawker Media. 14 January 2008. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
  21. ^ "Jasper Morrison, The Minimalist". jaspermorrison.com. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  22. ^ "The Minimalist". Whitewall Magazine. February 2010.
  23. ^ "Design Icon: 10 Works by Jasper Morrison – Dwell". www.dwell.com. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  24. ^ "SFMOMA Presents Less and More: The Design Ethos of Dieter Rams". Sfmoma.org. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
  25. ^ "The power of good design: Dieter Rams's ideology, engrained within Vitsœ". Vitsœ. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  26. ^ "02 Good design makes a product useful". Wallpaper. IPC Media (103): 326. October 2007. ISSN 1364-4475. OCLC 948263254. The product is purchased in order to be used. It must serve a defined purpose –in both primary and additional functions. The most important task of design is to optimise the utility of a product.
  27. ^ "Vitsœ History". Vitsoe.com. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
  28. ^ "01 Design is innovative". Wallpaper. IPC Media (103): 324–325. October 2007. ISSN 1364-4475. OCLC 948263254. TP1 RADIO/PHONO COMBINATION, 1959 [...] It was awarded the Interplast design award in London in 1961
  29. ^ "Current Honorary Royal Designers for Industry, Dieter Rams, Electrical Appliances & Furniture,1968". The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  30. ^ "BRAUN collection Clocks". PHORMA SRL. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  31. ^ "Less and More: the design ethos of Dieter Rams in Japan". Vitsoe.com. 15 September 2008. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
  32. ^ "'Less and More' at London's Design Museum". Vitsoe.com. 4 December 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
  33. ^ "Less and More – The Design Ethos of Dieter Rams". Designmuseum.org. 18 November 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
  34. ^ "Less and More in Frankfurt". Vitsoe.com. 19 April 2010. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
  35. ^ "Less and More – Das Designethos von Dieter Rams (requires Flash)". Angewandtekunst-frankfurt.de. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
  36. ^ "'Less and More': The Design Ethos of Dieter Rams". SFMoMa.com. 27 August 2011. Archived from the original on 13 September 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
  37. ^ "Rams Film Update". hustwit.com. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  38. ^ "RAMS: The First Feature Documentary About Dieter Rams". kickstarter.com. 22 June 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  39. ^ "Dieter Rams. A Style Room / Museum Angewandte Kunst". www.museumangewandtekunst.de. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  40. ^ "Interview with Prof. Dr. Klaus Klemp on the work of Dieter Rams". Stylepark. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  41. ^ "Dieter Rams. Looking Back and Ahead / Museum Angewandte Kunst". www.museumangewandtekunst.de. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  42. ^ "Exhibition: Dieter Rams A Look Back and Ahead – Goethe-Institut USA". Goethe Institut. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  43. ^ Kiran Piotti, Cristina (8 May 2023). "Less but better: Dieter Rams' lessons on show at ADI Design Museum, Milan". wallpaper.com. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  44. ^ "The works of Dieter Rams on show in Milan". www.domusweb.it. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  45. ^ "Dieter Rams. Portable Transistor Radio and Phonograph model TP 1 (1959)". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  46. ^ "braun audio 310 classical stereo systems from the 70s by Dieter Rams". Braun Audio. 13 January 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2022.

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