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((short description|Type of jet engine air intake))
((more citations needed|date=November 2011))
[[File:PLAAF J-10B with PL-12 and PL-8B at ZhuHai Air Show 2018.jpg|thumb|upright=1.14|[[Chengdu J-10|J-10B]] with a diverterless air intake displayed on [[Airshow China]] 2018]]

A '''diverterless supersonic inlet''' ('''DSI''') is a type of [[jet engine]] [[air intake]] used by some modern [[combat aircraft]] to control air flow into their engines. It consists of a "bump" and a forward-swept inlet cowl, which work together to divert [[boundary layer]] airflow away from the aircraft's engine. This eliminates the need for a [[Splitter plate (aeronautics)|splitter plate]], while compressing the air to slow it down from supersonic to subsonic speeds. The DSI can be used to replace conventional methods of controlling supersonic and boundary-layer airflow.

DSIs can be used to replace the [[intake ramp]] and [[inlet cone]], which are more complex, heavy and expensive.<ref name="code one magazine article">((cite web|url=http://www.codeonemagazine.com/article.html?item_id=58|title=JSF Diverterless Supersonic Inlet|last=Hehs|first=Eric|date=15 July 2000|work=Code One magazine|publisher=Lockheed Martin|accessdate=11 February 2011))</ref>

== Technical background ==
[[File:F-35 Divertless Supersonic Inlet F-16.jpg|thumb|upright=1.14|Testing of the F-35 diverterless supersonic inlet on a modified F-16. The original intake is shown in the top image.]]
The fundamental design of a gas turbine engine is such that the air flow-rate entering its compressor is regulated by the amount of fuel burned in its combustor. For supersonic flight the air entering the inlet also has to be regulated to a similar amount by the design of the entrance of the inlet duct (to minimize either drag, on the one hand, or unstable shock position (manifested by "buzz") on the other. Flow trying to enter the inlet which doesn't match what is allowed to enter the compressor is caused by changes in engine airflow (from  thrust lever movements) being unable to communicate (at the speed of sound) with the air in front of the inlet.

=== Inlets ===

On supersonic jets, the high kinetic energy in the approaching air has to be transformed into static pressure while losing a minimum amount of energy. To do this the inlets are more complicated than subsonic ones as they have to set up two or three shock waves to compress the air. A cone or inclined ramp protrudes ahead of the inlet. The complexity of these inlets increases with increase in design speed.

== Diverterless inlets ==
The DSI bump functions as a compression surface and creates a pressure distribution that prevents the majority of the boundary layer air from entering the inlet at speeds up to Mach 2. In essence, the DSI does away with complex and heavy mechanical systems.

== History ==
Initial research into the DSI was done by [[Antonio Ferri]] in the 1950s, and further developed & optimized by [[Lockheed Martin]] in the early 1990s using computational fluid dynamics. The first Lockheed DSI was flown on 11 December 1996 as part of a Technology Demonstration project. It was installed on an [[F-16|F-16 Block 30]] fighter, replacing the aircraft's original intake diverter. The modified F-16 demonstrated a maximum speed of Mach 2.0 (Mach 2.0 is the F-16's clean certified maximum speed) and handling characteristics similar to a normal F-16. It was also shown that subsonic specific excess power was slightly improved.

The DSI concept was introduced into the JAST/JSF program as a trade study item in mid-1994. It was compared with a traditional "caret" style inlet. The trade studies involved additional CFD, testing, and weight and cost analyses.

A DSI was incorporated into the design of the [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] in 2000 after proving to be 30% lighter and showing lower production and maintenance costs over traditional inlets while still meeting all performance requirements.<ref name="code one magazine article"/>

== Benefits ==

=== Weight and complexity reduction ===
Traditional aircraft inlets contain many heavy moving parts. In comparison, DSI eliminates all moving parts, which makes it far less complex and more reliable than earlier diverter-plate inlets. The removal of moving parts also reduces the weight of the aircraft.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.jsf.mil/f35/f35_technology.htm |title=F-35 JSF Technology |access-date=2015-06-04 |archive-date=2012-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506201123/http://www.jsf.mil/f35/f35_technology.htm |url-status=dead ))</ref>

=== Stealth ===
DSIs improve the aircraft's very-low-observable characteristics by eliminating radar reflections between the diverter and the aircraft's skin.<ref name="code one magazine article"/> Additionally, the "bump" surface reduces the engine's exposure to radar, significantly reducing a strong source of radar reflection<ref>((Cite web |url=http://aviationintel.com/2012/10/22/fast-history-lockheeds-diverterless-supersonic-inlet-testbed-f-16/ |title="Fast History: Lockheed's Diverterless Supersonic Inlet Testbed F-16" |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907000042/http://aviationintel.com/2012/10/22/fast-history-lockheeds-diverterless-supersonic-inlet-testbed-f-16/ |access-date=2023-08-07 |archive-date=2013-09-07 )) </ref> because they provide an additional shielding of engine fans against radar waves.

Analysts have noted that the DSI reduces the need for application of [[radar-absorbent material]]s in reducing frontal radar cross section of the aircraft.<ref name="code one magazine article"/><ref>[http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckBlogId=Blog:27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog:27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post:2bbb8a32-8bf4-47c5-86c4-48f3c78e53c2 "J-20's Stealth Signature Poses Interesting Unknowns"] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515144506/http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckBlogId=Blog:27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog:27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post:2bbb8a32-8bf4-47c5-86c4-48f3c78e53c2 |date=2013-05-15 )). ''Aviation Week''. Retrieved 13 January 2013</ref>

== List of aircraft with DSI ==

=== Active ===
* [[CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder]]
* [[Chengdu J-10#B|Chengdu J-10B/C]]<ref name="J10-B">((cite web |url=http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/j-10b-F-10b-fighter-china.htm |title=歼-10B改进型 |work=AirForceWorld.com |access-date=2013-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805103451/http://airforceworld.com/pla/j-10b-F-10b-fighter-china.htm |archive-date=2013-08-05 |url-status=dead ))</ref>
* [[Chengdu J-20]]
* [[Guizhou JL-9G]]<ref name="JL-9_Trainer_Jet_DSI_Inlet_AirForceWorld.com">((cite web |url=http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/l-15-advanced-trainer-china.htm |title=JL-9 Trainer Jet gets DSI inlet, Guizhou China |work=AirForceWorld.com |accessdate=29 Aug 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805232951/http://airforceworld.com/pla/l-15-advanced-trainer-china.htm |archive-date=5 August 2013 |url-status=dead ))</ref><ref name="home.janes.com">[https://archive.today/20130126160312/http://home.janes.com/events/exhibitions/paris2011/sections/daily/day2/naval-air-trainer-unveile.shtml "Paris Air Show 2011 - Naval air trainer unveiled by Chinese media"]. home.janes.com, 15 February 2012.</ref>
* [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]]
* [[Shenyang FC-31]]

=== Future ===
*[[HAL AMCA]]<ref name="OnManoramaFeb2020">((Cite web|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2020/02/05/amca-could-fly-undetected-during-dangerous-missions.html|title=AMCA could fly undetected during dangerous missions|last=|first=|date=February 5, 2020|website=[[Onmanorama]]|language=en|access-date=2020-02-06))</ref>
*[[HAL TEDBF]]
*[[Sukhoi Su-75 Checkmate]]
*Next Generation Fighter (NGF)
*Tempest 
*F/A-XX ([[United States Navy|USN]])
*Next Generation Air Dominance Fighter ([[United States Air Force|USAF]])

==See also==
*[[Index of aviation articles]]

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
((commons category|Diverterless supersonic inlets))
* [http://www.codeonemagazine.com/article.html?item_id=58  "JSF Diverterless Supersonic Inlet" - Code One magazine, Lockheed Martin]((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124032509/http://www.codeonemagazine.com/archives/2000/articles/july_00/divertless_1.html |date=2009-11-24 ))
* [http://www.nsinnovations.com.au/Downloads/seminars/JSF%20Uni%20Brief%2028Jun06(1100).pdf University presentation on JSF Program] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070620005405/http://www.nsinnovations.com.au/Downloads/seminars/JSF%20Uni%20Brief%2028Jun06(1100).pdf |date=2007-06-20 ))
* [http://www.jsf.mil/f35/f35_technology.htm F-35 Technology page]((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506201123/http://www.jsf.mil/f35/f35_technology.htm |date=2012-05-06 ))

((Aircraft components))

[[Category:Aircraft propulsion components]]

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