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((Use Australian English|date=June 2018))
((More citations needed|date=August 2021))
((Use dmy dates|date=June 2018))
A '''dormant commission''' is a [[Letters patent|commission]] in a [[Commonwealth realm]] that lies dormant or sleeping until it is triggered by a particular event.

Historically, a dormant commission was given in relation to a military command. During the [[Crimean War]], [[George Cathcart|Sir George Cathcart]] held a dormant commission to take command of the British Army in Crimea if [[FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan|Lord Raglan]] was killed or disabled.

In Australia, Section 4 of the Constitution allows the King to appoint an administrator to carry out the role of [[Governor-General of Australia|Governor-General]] when there is a vacancy. The [[Governors of the Australian states]], by [[Constitutional convention (political custom)|convention]], are given dormant commissions to act as [[Administrator (Australia)|Administrator of the Commonwealth]] in the absence of a Governor-General. By convention, the longest-serving state Governor exercises the dormant commission, allowing an assumption of office to commence immediately whenever a vacancy occurs and as long as it exists. For example, when [[Peter Hollingworth]] stood aside as Governor-General in May 2003, [[Governor of Tasmania|Tasmanian Governor]] Sir [[Guy Green (judge)|Guy Green]] was appointed Administrator<ref>Epstein, Rafael: [http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2003/s855339.htm Sir Guy faces first day as Administrator], ''[[AM (ABC Radio)|AM]]'' [[Radio National|ABC Radio National]], 15 May 2003.</ref> until Hollingworth's permanent replacement (Major-Gen [[Michael Jeffery (Australian Army officer)|Michael Jeffery]]) was appointed and sworn in. The Australian government can advise the [[Queen of Australia|Monarch]] to revoke any Governor's dormant commission. For example, the dormant commission of Sir [[Colin Hannah]], the then [[Governor of Queensland]], was revoked in 1975 after he made political statements which did not find favour with the government. Proposed constitutional amendments to enact a republic ([[1999 Australian republic referendum|voted down in 1999]]) made "the longest-serving State Governor available" an Acting President in the event of vacancy or incapacitation.<ref>Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, [http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/bill/caor1999503/ "CONSTITUTION ALTERATION (ESTABLISHMENT OF REPUBLIC) 1999"], ''Austlii''. Retrieved 16 September 2020.</ref>((rp|Schedule 1[3], 3[1]))
In New Zealand, the [[Chief Justice of New Zealand]] holds a dormant commission to act as [[Administrator of the Government#New Zealand|Administrator of the Government]] in the absence of a [[Governor-General of New Zealand]].<ref>[http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/Cabinet/manual/letters_patent_constituting.html Letters Patent constituting the Office of Governor-General of New Zealand, Section XII] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031003003834/http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/cabinet/manual/letters_patent_constituting.html |date=2003-10-03 ))</ref> Other Commonwealth realms use dormant commissions in similar ways.

In the [[Union of South Africa]], a dormant commission was held by the [[Chief Justice of South Africa]] when the position of [[Governor-General of South Africa]] was vacant &ndash; which was the case between 1943 and 1945, when [[Nicolaas Jacobus de Wet]] was installed, and in 1959 and 1961, when [[L. C. Steyn]] was installed.

In the [[British Virgin Islands]], the [[Deputy Governor of the British Virgin Islands]] has a dormant commission to act as [[Governor of the British Virgin Islands]] when there is either a vacancy or when the Governor is either ill or temporarily absent from the British Virgin Islands. Other [[British Overseas Territories]] also have [[Deputy Governor]]s, who also hold dormant commissions as well for the same reasons.

In South Africa between 1961 and 1984, the [[South African Constitution of 1961]] gave a dormant commission to the [[President of the Senate of South Africa]] to be invoked as Acting [[State President of South Africa]] when there was a vacancy in the office of State President, which was often the case between 1967 and 1979.

In Fiji under the [[2013 Constitution of Fiji]], the [[Chief Justice of Fiji]] has a dormant commission to act as [[President of Fiji]] when it is vacant or when the President is either absent or ill. His powers include those that were held by the [[Vice-President of Fiji]] from 1990 to 2013, when the position of Vice-President was abolished.

==References==

((reflist|30em))

[[Category:British Overseas Territories]]
[[Category:Commonwealth realms]]
[[Category:Governance of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Government of Australia]]
[[Category:Government of Canada]]
[[Category:Government of Fiji]]
[[Category:Government of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Government of South Africa]]
[[Category:History of the Commonwealth of Nations]]

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