Dresden
Community
Motto: 
Discover Dresden: The Charm – The Beauty – The Lifestyle
Dresden is located in Municipality of Chatham-Kent
Dresden
Dresden
Dresden is located in Southern Ontario
Dresden
Dresden
Coordinates: 42°35′25″N 82°10′54″W / 42.59028°N 82.18167°W / 42.59028; -82.18167
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
MunicipalityChatham-Kent
Population
 • Total2,800
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
Forward sortation area
N0P 1M0
Area code(s)519 and 226
NTS Map040J09
GNBC CodeFAZSG
Websitedresden.ca

Dresden is an agricultural community in southwestern Ontario, Canada, part of the municipality of Chatham-Kent. It is located on the Sydenham River. The community is named after Dresden, Germany. The major field crops in the area, by both acreage and production, are grain corn, soybean, and winter wheat.[1] The main horticultural crop is tomatoes, followed by sweet corn and carrots.[2]

Dresden is best known as the home of Josiah Henson, an African-Canadian abolitionist and minister whose life-story was an inspiration for the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. The Henson homestead is a historic site near Dresden operated by the Ontario Heritage Trust.

An H chondrite-type meteorite fell near Dresden in 1939.[3]: 64–65 

History

Centennial table flag (1982) with achievement including the motto Vestigia nulla retrorsum

Before European settlement

Dresden lies within what was, in succession, the province of Quebec (from 1763), Upper Canada (1791), the Canada West division of United Canada (1841), and after Confederation, Ontario (1867).

In the late 18th century, the future site of the community lay in Kent County in the Western District. The region was covered with a largely unbroken, mainly hardwood forest. Deer, bears, wolves, foxes, and wild turkeys roamed in abundance.[4]: 3 [5]: 379  First Nations peoples used fire in order to make clearings for camps, improve the habitat of game animals, and prepare ground for cultivation. A network of foot and portage trails was well established, often running parallel to or between major waterways and along lake shorelines. Forest cover is estimated to have been over 80%.[6]

Treaties

In 1790, leaders of the Odawa, Potawatomi, and Chippewa First Nations,[i] together with leaders of the Huron Nations of Detroit, signed a treaty with the British Crown.[7] Known as Treaty No. 2 or the McKee Purchase, it ceded a large tract of land lying between Lake Erie and the Thames River, including the area currently known as Chatham-Kent.[8] [ii] Subsequently, Treaty No. 25, the Longwoods Treaty, was signed in 1822 between leaders of the Chippewa First Nation and the Crown.[9] It confirmed provisional agreements, reached in earlier years,[10]: xi  for the Chippewa to cede an area to the north that adjoined much of the upper boundary of the McKee Purchase.[8]

These treaty boundaries have largely not been surveyed.[11] A map produced by Ontario's Ministry of Indigenous Affairs shows present-day Dresden inside the area ceded by the 1790 McKee Purchase, with the northern outskirts close to the area demarcated by the 1822 Longwoods Treaty.[12] Today's community may lie partially in both: Camden Gore, which became part of the site of Dresden,[13][14] was excluded from the scope of the 1790 treaty, while included in the 1822 one.[10]: viii 

Paving the way for settlement, systematic surveys along the Thames and the Sydenham began in the 1790s under Patrick McNiff and Abraham Iredell, who were deputy surveyors, successively, of the Western District.[15][16]

Settlement

The first settler recorded on the present-day site of Dresden, in 1825, was Gerard Lindsley,[iii] who moved there from the Thames River Settlement.[17]: 3  In 1846, Daniel VanAllen,[iv] a Chatham merchant, bought the Lindsley farm and laid out a town plot.[17]: 6  Around the same time, William Wright surveyed and settled what became the southern part of Dresden, then known as Fairport.[18]: 56 col.1 

By 1849, a steam-powered sawmill and a grist-mill in the neighbouring Dawn Settlement were helping drive the economy of a logging-based community slowly expanding on both banks of the head of navigation of the Sydenham River.[19]: 103 

Underground Railroad

The Dawn Settlement was a community composed of refugees from slavery and freedmen and women, and an important end-point of the Underground Railroad's overland and maritime routes. Dawn developed around the British-American Institute, a vocational school whose principal founder, in 1842, was Josiah Henson.

The grounds of the Settlement are now the site of the Josiah Henson Museum of African-Canadian History (formerly Uncle Tom's Cabin Historic Site).[20][21] The Museum lies just outside modern Dresden's borders at the corner of Park St. and Freedom Road (formerly Uncle Tom's Road).[22]

Growth and founding

Dresden's post-office opened in 1854,[18]: 56 col.1  and the first permanent crossing over the Sydenham, a wooden swing-bridge, was erected in 1864.[4]: 11–12  By 1865, Dresden was starting to enlarge, with an estimated population of 500;[23] its principal business was the shipping of squared-up timber, staves, and cordwood.[24] Logs were also driven or rafted downriver to other sawmills.[25]: 7  An ashery and a tannery were in operation.[5]: 383  

The community's growth in the two decades after 1870 was rapid. In 1872, Dresden was incorporated as a village. The logging, lumber and cordwood industries expanded, supporting woodworking factories producing hubs, spokes, wheels and other components for carriage and wagon manufacturers and shops both local and further afield.[5]: 383, 390  The first newspaper, The Gazette, launched in 1870,[4]: 32  an indicator of a thriving community. It was soon succeeded, in 1873, by the long-running Dresden Times.[17]: 9  In 1882, Dresden was granted the status of a town,[19]: 106  with Alexander Trerice, a lumber merchant, as the first mayor. An impression of the town's layout and locale around this time, and how this compares to modern Dresden, can be gained via a zoomable, searchable 1876 map of Kent County that overlays present-day topographic, street map and bird's-eye view representations.[26]

Development

In the 1880s, clearing the Sydenham of hardwood logs that had sunk during their driving and rafting, together with improvements to Dresden's turning-basin, gave a boost to the shipbuilding industry and the shipping trade.[5]: 386  Shipbuilding, which had started in the early 1870s, saw the construction of a variety of vessels, many steam-driven, for carrying freight and passengers and for pleasure-cruises.[5]: 386 [25]: 7 [27]

However, railways began to out-compete the Sydenham's schooners, barges, brigs and packet freighters when a spur from the extension of the Erie & Huron Railway from Chatham to Wallaceburg reached Dresden in 1883.[5]: 10–11  A railway was also used to move logs from the northern forest tract to the banks of the Sydenham: from 1884 to 1897, a 36 in (910 mm) narrow-gauge line using Shay locomotives was laid by the Dawn Tramway Company for this purpose. On reaching the river, the logs were boomed and then towed downriver to sawmills.[25]: 75–76  Using the Erie & Huron as a right-of-way for siting poles and wires, telephone service arrived in 1885.[28] The main sewer was laid in 1887.[4]: 33  The steady expansion of the town and the farms around created a strong demand for bricks and agricultural drainage tiles, and several manufacturers were in operation from the 1870s onwards.[29]: 49 

By 1890, an estimated population of 2,500 inhabited a town with electric street-lighting, brick-built business blocks, a town hall, a fire hall with a steam-powered fire-engine, a division (district) court, several churches, two public schools, a private bank, and two hotels. Industrial establishments included roller mills (replacing earlier grist-mills), sawmills, planing mills, a washing-machine factory, a sorghum syrup factory, a foundry, and a machine shop.[30]

As the forest was clear-cut and thinned, the 1900s saw the waning of logging and lumbering, and a move into other industries. Several involved the processing of the crops, fruit, and vegetables harvested from the farms now rapidly expanding in the region: enterprises included a flax mill,[4]: 33  two apple evaporators (to dry and preserve the cored and sliced fruit),[25]: 8, 18  and a large, though short-lived, beet sugar factory.[31] A vegetable-canning factory was more successful: it was bought by the upcoming Canadian Canners company.[25]: 7  After a succession of owners, in 1947 it was replaced with what eventually became today's Conagra tomato-processing plant.[32] A factory for making an innovative type of stove-damper also prospered.[4]: 37  In addition, from the turn of the century, a trend for using concrete blocks instead of stone and brick in foundations and many non-domestic buildings led to their manufacture in Dresden until the 1950s.[29]: 49  Farmers' needs were served by suppliers of agricultural implements, builders' by providers of paint, cement, and hardware, and home comforts were available from, among others, tailors, milliners, dressmakers, an optician and jeweller, suppliers of textiles and ready-to-wear clothing, grocers, a confectioner, and a piano and organ 'emporium'.[33]

Domestically, wood gave way to coal for cooking and heating, with coal supplanted by natural gas from the 1910s on.[4]: 37 [29]: 7  In 1920, a water tank was erected to maintain pressure in the mains network, which used river water. Pumped well-water was piped from 1943,[29]: 7  to be replaced in 1958 by treated water from the Sydenham.[34] St. George and North Streets were paved in 1922,[4]: 41  and the sewer network was extended in 1931.[4]: 45  When sewage mains were installed throughout the town in the mid-1970s, the two streets were again resurfaced. [35]: 7  In 1933, a modern concrete bridge over the Sydenham, in use today, replaced an older iron one.[36]

The 20 acre (c. 8 ha) industrial park, set up in 1964 in the southeast of the town to help diversify Dresden's economy, had a slow start;[37] though by 1975,[38] after an expansion and utilities upgrade in 1974, occupiers included Dresden Produce (a turkey-meat packager), Parking Structural Foam, Canadian Canners, and National Hardware Specialities. The latter, which had moved from Wallaceburg to Dresden in 1951, became Canada's largest producer of zinc die-cast pulleys, and also made sanitary hardware and automotive castings. Employing 120 people at its peak, it closed down in 1991.[25]: 59  Greenmelk, another Wallaceburg-based firm, expanded into Dresden in the 1940s, producing animal-feed supplements from alfalfa and other crops, only to close in the early 1960s.[25]: 81 

Military service

See also: Dresden, Ontario § Memorials

No. 6 Company of the 24th Kent Battalion of Infantry, formed in 1866 and first based at Dawn Mills, was stationed in Dresden from 1872. The Battalion disbanded in 1892.[39] [29]: 25  Some local men were among the 8000 or so Canadians who fought with or alongside British forces in the South African War.[25]: 44 

Around 110 men from Dresden served in World War I, judging by the number of maple leaves (each representing a person) on the service flag[40] made by the local chapter (formed in 1914)[41] of IODE.[4]: 42  The Dresden Cenotaph, erected in 1923, records 24 names of those killed in action or who subsequently died of their injuries.[42][43] For World War II, the Cenotaph records 14 names, and for the Korean War, two.

In 1945, the Chatham-based radio station CFCO began broadcasting a weekly program that featured a regular "Welcome Home" slot for returning servicemen and women, including those from Dresden. Numbers grew as the year wore on.[44] Dresden arranged "welcome home" meetings for returnees from overseas, giving each a gold ring in remembrance of their service. The returned men soon revived the original branch of the veterans' organization the Royal Canadian Legion, and constructed a Legion Hall near the bridge over the Sydenham.[4]: 47  [25]: 16 

Floods

Since the late nineteenth century, floods have frequently inundated the part of Dresden lying between a large oxbow meander of the Sydenham. Before the forest in the watershed was cleared, its trees and vegetation had reduced peak water-flows by slowing runoff into the river.[45]: 60, 62  Extensive tile-draining of the cleared land also contributed to higher, faster river inflows.[25]: 12  Ice-jams in the waterway during spring thaws,[45]: 80  exacerbated by log-jams caused by floodwater sweeping stacked logs into the river,[25]: 11  made matters worse. A major flood in 1947, when the area alongside the Sydenham was occupied by many of Dresden's larger businesses, was devastating.[46] Another in 1968 was also very destructive.[47]

How to tackle the problem was debated in Dresden and other affected communities for several years,[48][49] engaging the Sydenham Valley (later the St. Clair Region) Conservation Authority.[50] Options considered included eliminating the oxbow meander, building a dyke, and rezoning flood-prone areas. The course chosen, the Dresden Floodplain Acquisition Program, is a buy-out scheme, initiated in the 1970s, that aims to reduce flood damage by restricting development in high-risk areas and flood-proofing vulnerable properties.[51] The first conservation area in the town, along the bank of the Sydenham, opened in 1979 as a public park after several years of landscaping and tree-planting by the St. Clair Region Conservation Authority.[52]

Celebrations and commemorations

A liking for "Homecomings", "Old Boys' Reunions" and celebrations of community anniversaries has been noted as a strong strand in the culture of Dresden, with the first recorded Old Boys' Reunion taking place in 1904, when several hundred former residents attended.[25]: 63–64  In 1954, Dresden celebrated[53] and commemorated[4] the centennial of establishing its post office; in 1982, the centennial of its incorporation as a town;[54][35] in 1967, the Confederation Centennial;[55][29] and in 1997, 125 years since it formally became a village.[56] Annual, three-day "Civic Fests" in the late 1970s and early 1980s raised funds for repairing and maintaining what is now the Ken Houston Memorial Agricultural Centre.[57][58] In 1998, when Dresden became part of the new municipality of Chatham-Kent, it lost its town status.[59] In 2007, Dresden marked 125 years since it became a town.[60] The founding of Dresden is commemorated by a plaque.[61]

Trillium Trail

For many years, the town and its community organizations (including the Horticultural Society, Rotary and IODE) have worked to develop Dresden's historical legacy and enhance its natural features.[62]

Since the 100-year flood of 1968,[63] Dresden's floodplain has been improved with the addition of landscaped parks, an arboretum featuring the area's Carolinian forest flora, and the 5.8 km Trillium Trail, which includes a historical walk section.[v] The trailhead and interpretive centre is on St. George Street, near the bridge over the Sydenham.[64] The 2.4 km historical walk has numerous plaques describing over 50 sites connected to key figures and industries that helped shape the town.[65] In addition, a variety of commemorative barn quilts are displayed around Dresden.[66] They celebrate a history that, while typical of rural settlements in the region, is unique to Dresden, given its strong ties to the Underground Railroad.[67] Dresden's barn quilts are also part of the "Into the Dawn" barn quilt trail covering over 50 sites in Dresden, Oil Springs, Tupperville, Shetland, Croton and Bothwell.[68]

As well as Josiah Henson, other prominent figures linked to the Underground Railroad once called Dresden home. Research carried out when preparing the Trillium Trail's historical walk (in conjunction with the Promised Land Project)[69] revealed that from 1853 to 1873, large sections of the town's original site were owned by William Whipper, a successful African-American businessman and leading member of William Still's Underground Railroad network.[70] Several houses from this period survive.[71] The local Catherine McVean Chapter of IODE offers tours to those who wish to learn about Dresden's history, and several plaques around the town, installed by the Ontario Heritage Trust, commemorate important events that helped shape the community.[72] The Trust has also produced a series of short videos about Dresden and the Dawn Settlement.[73]

The 2021 award-winning indie film The North Star: Finding Black Mecca, a 22-minute documentary about Chatham-Kent's Black communities and their histories,[74] was partly filmed in Dresden.[75] It was first broadcast in September 2021 by CBC/Radio-Canada in their Absolutely Canadian series.[76]

Landmarks

Many of Dresden's landmark buildings are regarded as cultural heritage assets, and are legally protected to ensure their conservation.[77]

Designated properties

Six have been entered in the official heritage register as designated properties, which means they can neither be altered nor demolished:[78]

Listed properties

Another 18 buildings are registered as listed properties. The owner of such a property cannot alter or demolish it without first giving the municipality the opportunity to designate it.[vi] Dresden's listed properties include several houses on Hughes Street and Metcalfe Avenue; St. James Presbyterian Church and Christ Church Anglican; and the entirety of the main commercial block on St. George Street.[79]

Further landmarks

Further landmarks include St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, St. Michael's Church, Dresden Community Church, the Christian Reformed Church, the First Regular Baptist Church (the oldest in Dresden),[80] and the North Dresden Baptist Church; the Dresden Cenotaph, and the war memorial and memorial field in Dresden Cemetery; Dresden Raceway; the Ken Houston Memorial Agricultural Centre; Dresden Bridge over the Sydenham River; the Dresden Water Tower;[81] the Rotary Bandshell in Dresden Rotary Memorial Gardens; and, just outside Dresden, the Josiah Henson House (a designated property) in the grounds of the Josiah Henson Museum of African-Canadian History.

Transport links

Roads and trails

When travelling west on Highway 401 from the direction of Toronto, Dresden is a 29 km drive from Exit 109 along County Road (CR) 21 via Thamesville.[82] Travelling east from the direction of Detroit and taking Exit 101, Dresden is 25 km away on CR 15, with a short leg on CR 21.[83] From Dresden, CR 21 continues northwards (as North Street and then St. George Street) and on into Lambton County, linking Oil Springs, Petrolia, and Wyoming. It eventually intersects King's Highway 402, which runs westwards to the Canada–USA border at Blue Water Bridge, and eastwards to London to meet King's Highway 401.

CR 15, skirting Dresden to the south, links the community to Wallaceburg in the west, and runs southeast, via Kent Bridge, to Rondeau Provincial Park on the shores of Lake Erie. CR 78 provides a connection to Wallaceburg from the northern end of Dresden. From Thamesville (reached via CR 21 from Dresden), CR 2 runs southwest to Chatham and northeast to London. Further numbered roads provide links to other population centres in Chatham-Kent and adjacent counties.[84]

Public transit is provided by the municipality's Ride CK service.[85] Route A connects Dresden to Wallaceburg and Chatham.[86] Several private companies have started operating long-distance intercity coach services since Greyhound withdrew from Canada in 2021.[87]

The multi-use Trans-Canada Trail, also known as the Great Trail, skirts the southwestern edge of Dresden[88] and connects to the Great Lakes Waterfront Trail at Clearville in the southeast of Chatham-Kent and, in the northwest, to the St. Clair River Trail at Whitebread. Within Dresden, the Trillium Trail provides a natural-surface and off-road connection between downtown and the Josiah Henson Museum of African-Canadian History. Dresden is also part of the Underground Railroad Bicycle Route, with a spur taking in Windsor, North Buxton, Chatham, and Dresden,[89] and of a barn quilt trail, "Into the Dawn".[68]

Planes and trains

Detroit Metropolitan Airport, often referred to as DTW, is the nearest major international airport to Dresden. There are many smaller airports in Chatham-Kent and adjacent counties.[90]

The nearest railway station to Dresden is Chatham train station. It is served by Via Rail services running between Toronto and Windsor.

Local government and services

Local government is provided by the Municipality of Chatham-Kent. Its responsibilities include the provision, management or oversight of water treatment, parks, libraries, garbage collection, public transit, land-use planning, traffic signs and lights, police, paramedics, fire services, sewers, homeless shelters, childcare, and recreation centres.[91]

The Municipality's governing council has 18 members: the mayor,[92] elected municipality-wide, and 17 councillors, elected across six municipal wards.[93] Dresden is within the ward of North Kent (Ward 4), which has two councillors.[94] At the last election, in 2022, Jamie McGrail[95] and Rhonda Jubenville[96] were elected to represent North Kent for a four-year term (2022-2026).[97]

In Dresden, the Municipal Service Centre at 485 St. George Street provides access to all municipal services and also to services provided by the provincial government of Ontario, such as driver’s licences and licence plates, Ontario Photo Cards[vii], health cards, birth certificates, and other essential documents.[98] Ontario's responsibilities include health, education, river and road vehicle licensing, energy, human rights, natural resources, the environment, and social services.

Community organizations

A wide range of voluntary organizations, non-profits, sports clubs, fraternities and service clubs are active in Dresden. They include:

Schools and libraries

An elementary school, Dresden Area Central School,[99] and a secondary school, Lambton-Kent Composite[viii] School,[100] serve Dresden and nearby communities. The Dawn-Euphemia Elementary School lies near Dresden.[101] The Lambton-Kent District School Board is responsible for public education in Dresden and its municipality, Chatham-Kent. The Dresden Private Mennonite School serves the Mennonite community.

The Dresden Sidestreets Youth Centre offers afterschool activities for ages 11 to 17, including a homework programme, games and karaoke, and involvement in community activities, such as clean-up days.[102][103]

The Dresden Library, a branch of the Chatham-Kent Public Library, offers a collection of books, magazines, movies, music, eBooks, audiobooks, microfilm, microfiche, and local history resources, together with services such as a book club, story-time sessions, and access to settlement services for newcomers.[104] It occupies the original Carnegie library building on Brown Street.

Healthcare

The Dresden Community Healthcare Centre provides primary care.[105] It is staffed by a medical team that includes family doctors, nurse practitioners, and nurses. The Centre provides access to dietitians, social workers, pharmacists, occupational therapists, and foot-care specialists, and offers a diabetes management programme for adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.[106] The nearest hospital to Dresden is in Wallaceburg. It provides basic hospital and healthcare services, and has emergency rooms and a 5-bed in-patient unit.[107]

The MacTavish Pharmacy serves Dresden and the surrounding area.[108] In Ontario, pharmacists are authorized to prescribe medications for 19 minor ailments.[109]

In Chatham-Kent, Dresden's municipality, in-home and community-based care is coordinated by the Erie St. Clair branch of Ontario's Home and Community Care Support Services organization.[ix] Through its portal,[110] it provides access and referrals to other community services. It also manages placements in Ontario’s care-homes, and works together with primary care providers, hospitals, Ontario Health Teams, and other healthcare services.

The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario (CPSO) maintains a list of registered doctors,[111] and the Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario (RCDSO) a list of registered dentists.[112]

Events, Sports and Dresden Fair

Events

Regular events include a "Show & Shine" for classic cars, and weekly concerts on Thursday evenings in the summer at Rotary Park. Each year, a Terry Fox Run takes place on the second Sunday after Labour Day, and 1 August, Emancipation Day, is celebrated. Inductions into the Dresden Sports Hall of Fame are made every two years in a ceremony at the Ken Houston Memorial Agricultural Centre.[113] A Guest Worker Appreciation Day, welcoming Jamaican and other seasonal workers for the tomato-canning season, was held for the first time in August 2023.[114][115] In early fall, an "Art in the Park" arts-and-crafts show takes place in the Tony Stranak Conservation Area.[116]

Black History Month, a time for reflection and an opportunity to celebrate the contributions and achievements of Black Canadians, takes place in February, with events and programs in Dresden's schools and at the Josiah Henson Museum of African-Canadian History.[117] The National Day for Truth and Reconciliation, colloquially known by its original name of Orange Shirt Day, is observed on 30 September. It recognises the impact and legacy of the Indian residential school system on First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples. Remembrance Day is observed on 11 November: it commemorates the war dead, military veterans, and those who continue to serve Canada during times of war, conflict, and peace.

Towards Christmas, there is a "Christmas House" tour, the ceremonial illumination of a "Tree of Tribute" to honour loved ones, and a Christmas night market. A night market is also held in the summer, and shops, entertainment venues and cultural amenities open late, year-round, on "Merry & Bright Thursday Nights".[118]

Sports

Dresden has several sports fields, a skateboard park, a lawn bowling green, and a community swimming pool. The Ken Houston Memorial Agricultural Centre is the home arena of the Dresden Jr. Kings junior ice hockey team.

Harness races are held at the Dresden Raceway in the warmer months. The Raceway has a ½-mile oval track with a grandstand, and offers a range of betting and dining options. The track is also used to train pacer and trotter horses, and for occasional demolition derbies and truck and tractor pulls.[119]

Dresden Fair

The Dresden Fair, with an exhibition, a cattle show, and a midway, takes place over three successive days towards the end of July each year.[120] It has been held, in one form or another, for nearly 150 years.[121]

Downtown

Downtown runs for about three blocks, with many stores and businesses serving locals, the surrounding communities, and tourists.[122] The streets are lined with planters maintained by the Horticultural Society and other volunteers. In October, just before Halloween, lampposts are decorated with cornstalks and scarecrows.

There is a grocery store, a drug store, jewellery and gifts, photography studio, a hardware store, post office, automotive supplies, dentist, doctors, optometrist, a gym, legal advice, a community healthcare centre,[105] and more.

Industry and business

Dresden has a wide array of many small and a few medium-sized businesses, ranging from gas stations to restaurants, specialty retail stores and service providers.

The community maintains a directory of businesses and organizations.[123] Its categories demonstrate the diversity of enterprises and activities to hand in Dresden:
accommodations | agricultural | attractions | automotive | churches | community organizations | construction | financial services | food & drink | grocery & convenience | healthcare | home & garden | manufacturing | mental health | parks & green space | pets | professional services | psychotherapy | services | shopping | sports & recreation | venues.

Since 1947, Dresden has hosted ConAgra Foods' tomato processing plant, a major local employer.[32] In September 2023, the parent company announced a significant upgrade and expansion of the facility.[124]

Other small-to-medium-sized firms based in Dresden include Martinrea Metallic Canada Inc., part of Martinrea International, an auto parts manufacturer; Richkote Metal Finishing Inc.; Waste Wood Disposal Ltd.; and MPT Inc., a provider of automated manufacturing systems.

Media

The community publishes a weekly newsletter, WhatsUpDresden![125] Many of Dresden's community organizations have a presence on social media, notably Facebook.[126]

Several local and regional newspapers and national news outlets typically cover events in Dresden:

The trade press, such as The Grower and Tomato News, cover agribusiness.

Several weekly newspapers used to be published in Dresden: The Gazette, Dresden Times, Dresden News, North-Kent Leader, and Dresden Leader-Spirit. Chatham-Kent Public Library maintains a comprehensive (though incomplete) archive that can be consulted at the Dresden Library branch.[127]

A number of radio stations broadcast or stream from Chatham-Kent.[128]

Human rights: the Dresden story

After military service in World War II, Hugh Burnett returned to his home town of Dresden to set up a carpentry business. He found that because he was Black, some restaurants refused to serve him. In 1948, he and other African-Canadians founded the National Unity Association (NUA) to campaign to make such discrimination illegal. Among their first acts was the circulation of a petition to 118 business owners and local politicians asking for support to end the practice in Dresden. 115 signed in favour. After sustained lobbying by the NUA, the town then held a referendum in December 1949 that asked: "Do you approve of the council passing a bylaw licensing restaurants in Dresden and restraining the owner or owners from refusing service regardless of race, colour or creed?" Out of 1250 eligible voters, 625 voted. However, only 108 votes were cast in favour, with 517 against – the approximate ratio of Black to non-Black residents of Dresden.[129]

This outcome galvanized support for an anti-discrimination law to be adopted at provincial level. The campaign culminated in March 1954, when Burnett was part of a large delegation of labour, church and civil society organizations that presented the case for legislation directly to Ontario Premier Leslie Frost and his cabinet. Soon after, the Ontario Fair Accommodation Practices Act was passed, and came into effect in June that year. It stated that: "No person shall deny to any person or class of persons the accommodation, services or facilities available in any place to which the public is customarily admitted because of the race, creed, colour, nationality, ancestry or place of origin of such person or class of persons."[130]

However, some restaurants and barbers still refused to serve African-Canadians. Justice William Schwenger investigated the complaints as a one-man commission. On the basis of his recommendations, Charles Daley, the minister of labour, declined to prosecute two Dresden restaurant owners who had refused to serve Black people. Daley said "I understand these people will in future obey the law, although I have not spoken directly to them".[131]

To test this assertion, Hugh Burnett, Bromley Armstrong and Ruth Lor Malloy, together with a reporter, went to Kay's Café, Morley McKay's restaurant, on 29 October 1954. They were denied service.[132] McKay was the first person to be charged under the Act.[133] A few months after the conclusion of a long legal battle,[134] McKay made his restaurant open to everyone.[135]

In 1954, the conflicting attitudes of Black and non-Black Dresden residents towards the issue were recorded in The Dresden Story, a 30-minute National Film Board (NFB) documentary.[136] In 2000, the NFB released the 47-minute documentary Journey to Justice, an examination of the fight for Black civil rights from the 1930s to the 1950s that places The Dresden Story in historical context.[137] Among others, it features Bromley Armstrong and Ruth Lor Malloy, who were also the subject of a 2014 CBC News report showing them revisiting Dresden 60 years on.[138] To Serve: Hugh Burnett: Shaping civil rights in Canada, a 23-minute CBC Radio documentary about the Dresden story, aired in July 2013.[139]

On 31 July 2010, a bilingual plaque to honour Hugh Burnett and the National Unity Association was unveiled in Dresden.[140] The English version reads:

Hugh Burnett and the National Unity Association

Between 1948 and 1956, the National Unity Association (NUA) of Chatham, Dresden and North Buxton, under the leadership of Hugh R. Burnett, waged a campaign for racial equality and social justice. Their efforts led to the passage of Ontario's Fair Employment Practices Act (1951) and Fair Accommodation Practices Act (1954), and laid the groundwork for subsequent human rights legislation in Ontario and across Canada. Traditional Anglo-Canadian rights, such as freedom of association and freedom of commerce, had historically been interpreted to permit discrimination on grounds of race, colour or creed in providing services to the public. The NUA inspired recognition of freedom from discrimination as a fundamental principle; this led to a revolutionary change to the course of Canadian law and Canadian history. Hugh Burnett and the NUA were early pioneers in the articulation of equality rights for all Canadians, now constitutionally inscribed in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.[129]

In 1871, 72% of Dresden's 700 residents were Black Canadians. This number has steadily declined over the years. By 1949, Dresden was 17% Black.[141] The proportion of Black residents dropped to 11% in 2001, and reached a historic low of 5.5% in 2016.[142]

Dresden in literature

Travelogue, memoir, autobiography

Biography

History

Ecology

Management and governance

Under Ontario’s scheme of ecological land classification,[154]: 1  Dresden is in the St. Thomas ecodistrict,[154]: 412  near the border with the neigbouring ecodistrict of Essex.[154]: 406  Its hinterland straddles both. An ecodistrict[x] is characterized by a distinctive assemblage of terrain, landforms, geology, soil, vegetation, water bodies, and fauna.[155]

Dresden and its locale are under the jurisdiction of the St. Clair Region Conservation Authority, which covers the Sydenham River watershed and smaller watersheds draining into southern Lake Huron, the St. Clair River, and northeastern Lake St. Clair.[156] The Authority is responsible for reducing risks to life and property from flooding and erosion; water and land stewardship; forestry; wildlife habitat creation; and outdoor recreation.

Dresden also sits within the Thames-Sydenham & Region Source Protection Region,[157] where a committee oversees the implementation of a plan to protect current and future sources of drinking-water.

Geology

The movement of glaciers and the influence of glacial lakes shaped the geology of the area around Dresden. Some 13 000 years ago, glacial Lake Whittlesey, followed by Lake Warren, covered most of the ecodistrict.[154]: 413  Lake sediment settled in depressions, smoothing contours. This gently rolling landscape is now dominated by morainal deposits – rocky material of varying sizes carried (or pushed) and deposited by glacier ice – overlying carbonate-rich Palaeozoic bedrock. Glaciofluvial and alluvial deposits are found in the larger river valleys, including those of the Sydenham.

Fertile, grey-brown luvisolic soils dominate the area. These developed under the original forest cover from glacial deposits, and are favoured for agricultural and horticultural crops. Regosols are associated with alluvial deposits, such as along the Sydenham, whereas clayey gleysols are common in areas with poor drainage.[154]: 409  Gleysols dominate to the west, in the Essex ecodistrict.[154]: 403 

Land cover and vegetation

Over 80% of the landscape around Dresden is cropland or pasture, while 15% is deciduous forest (there is little coniferous), found mainly in parks, stewardship lands,[xi] and natural heritage[xii] areas.[154]: 410  Mature forest is characterized by sugar maple (hard maple), American beech, white and Northern red oak, shagbark hickory, black walnut, and white walnut (butternut). Fresh, moist sites favour species including American elm, eastern cottonwood, balsam poplar, Manitoba maple, and silver maple (soft maple), with tulip tree, sycamore, and bitternut hickory preferring slopes. Dry, warm sites best suit black and chinquapin oak.[158][154]: 410–411  Many more species – common, less common and rare – inhabit the area:[159] some in the Sydenham River watershed are at risk.[160] Dresden's arboretum has examples of many native species.

Fauna

Characteristic wildlife species include white-tailed deer, grey and red squirrel, racoon, and chipmunk. Bird species include the cardinal, wood thrush, screech-owl, great horned owl, mourning dove, green heron, pileated and red-bellied woodpecker, red-tailed hawk, northern harrier, and wild turkey.[161]

The Sydenham River is populated by many species of fish and mussels, and, in its watershed, a range of amphibians, turtles, snakes, and dragonflies. However, a number of these species are at risk.[162]

Climate

The climate is mild, and classified as humid continental (Köppen climate classification Dfb), which closely borders on the Dfa type.

Summer days can be hot and humid, with a July high of 27.1 °C (80.8 °F) and a low of 15.7 °C (60.3 °F). In an average summer, temperatures reach or exceed 30 °C (86.0 °F) on 16 days a year.[163]

Winters are cold, with a January high of −2.3 °C (27.9 °F) and a low of −9.0 °C (15.8 °F). Mild spells of weather occasionally lead to temperatures in excess of 10 °C (50.0 °F) for one or two days, while arctic air masses can bring temperatures below −20 °C (−4.0 °F) for one to three days.[163] As Dresden is outside the snowbelt, which begins near London, Ontario, winter precipitation is usually low and snow-cover intermittent throughout the season, with an average annual snowfall of only 84.6 centimetres (33.3 in).

Climate data for Dresden, Ontario (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.5
(59.9) 		15.0
(59.0) 		24.4
(75.9) 		30.0
(86.0) 		35.5
(95.9) 		38.0
(100.4) 		36.5
(97.7) 		36.5
(97.7) 		34.4
(93.9) 		30.6
(87.1) 		22.8
(73.0) 		17.8
(64.0) 		38.0
(100.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −2.2
(28.0) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		4.8
(40.6) 		12.2
(54.0) 		19.6
(67.3) 		24.7
(76.5) 		27.1
(80.8) 		25.9
(78.6) 		21.4
(70.5) 		14.6
(58.3) 		6.9
(44.4) 		1.1
(34.0) 		12.9
(55.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −5.5
(22.1) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		0.7
(33.3) 		7.3
(45.1) 		13.9
(57.0) 		19.1
(66.4) 		21.4
(70.5) 		20.3
(68.5) 		16.0
(60.8) 		10.0
(50.0) 		3.5
(38.3) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		8.4
(47.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −8.8
(16.2) 		−7.9
(17.8) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		2.4
(36.3) 		8.1
(46.6) 		13.4
(56.1) 		15.8
(60.4) 		14.7
(58.5) 		10.6
(51.1) 		5.3
(41.5) 		0.2
(32.4) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		3.8
(38.8)
Record low °C (°F) −30.0
(−22.0) 		−25.6
(−14.1) 		−22.2
(−8.0) 		−13.0
(8.6) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		0.0
(32.0) 		5.5
(41.9) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		−8.0
(17.6) 		−12.0
(10.4) 		−25.0
(−13.0) 		−30.0
(−22.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 51.5
(2.03) 		48.5
(1.91) 		55.4
(2.18) 		79.5
(3.13) 		76.5
(3.01) 		90.2
(3.55) 		80.4
(3.17) 		80.2
(3.16) 		107.5
(4.23) 		68.7
(2.70) 		84.8
(3.34) 		65.6
(2.58) 		888.9
(35.00)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 25.1
(0.99) 		25.2
(0.99) 		41.0
(1.61) 		74.4
(2.93) 		76.5
(3.01) 		90.2
(3.55) 		80.4
(3.17) 		80.2
(3.16) 		107.5
(4.23) 		68.5
(2.70) 		81.5
(3.21) 		45.4
(1.79) 		796.0
(31.34)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 26.5
(10.4) 		23.3
(9.2) 		14.3
(5.6) 		5.2
(2.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.2
(0.1) 		3.3
(1.3) 		20.2
(8.0) 		93.0
(36.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 11.5 9.8 11.2 13.7 10.8 9.5 10.1 10.2 11.5 11.1 12.1 13.4 134.7
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 4.4 4.4 8.1 12.9 10.8 9.5 10.1 10.2 11.5 11.1 11.0 7.9 111.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 7.5 5.9 3.9 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.06 1.2 7.2 27.0
Source: Environment Canada[163]

Notable people

This is an evolving list of notable people who were either born or lived in Dresden, Ontario, spent a formative part of their career there, or are otherwise associated with the community. The list is arranged by year of birth.

Further information

  1. ^ Rev. Newman worked closely with Samuel H. Davis. See: Ontario Heritage Trust Provincial Plaque Program (31 July 2010). First Regular Baptist Church, Dresden. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  2. ^ Rev. Hughes was a great friend of Josiah Henson, who wrote a tribute to him in the second version of his autobiography. See: Henson, Josiah (1876). Lobb, John (ed.). ""Uncle Tom's story of his life" : an autobiography of the Rev. Josiah Henson (Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom") : from 1789 to 1876". Internet Archive. London: Christian Age Office. pp. 200–203. Retrieved 28 December 2023. For sixteen or seventeen years he worked most zealously as a missionary in Canada ; he was always my devoted friend[.]
  3. ^ One of the steamboats, the Byron Trerice, named after Trerice's son, ran a freight and passenger service out of Dresden that called at numerous ports along the Sydenham and on the Great Lakes. See: Rhodes, John (25 January 2016). "Dresden-built Byron Trerice called at several local ports". Chatham-Kent This Week. Postmedia. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  4. ^ Captain Ribble was at one time the owner of several vessels plying between Dresden and Detroit. He was also instrumental in establishing, in 1901, Dresden's first vegetable-canning factory. See: "Commemorative biographical record of the County of Kent, Ontario : containing biographical sketches of prominent and representative citizens and many of the early settled families : Illustrated" (PDF). Chatham-Kent Public Library Digital Collections. Toronto: J. H. Beers. 1904. p. 192, entry for Capt. Asa Ribble, col. 2. ISBN 9780659094865. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  5. ^ Rev. Philpott later became pastor of Chicago's Moody Church, and then pastor of the Church of the Open Door in Los Angeles, where he served till his retirement. Settling in Toronto, he made extensive speaking tours throughout North America until a few years before he died. See: Draper, Kenneth L. (1 May 2003). "A People's Religion: P. W. Philpott and the Hamilton Christian Workers' Church". Histoire Sociale / Social History. 71. 36: 99–121. Retrieved 6 February 2024 – via Public Knowledge Network.
  6. ^ In his boyhood, Tom MacInnes knew Josiah Henson, and later dedicated a poem to him. See: Bernard, Jackie; Carter, Marie (3 March 2022). "Josiah Henson and McInnes Family Friendship" (video). Discovering Dawn. Episode 4. Ontario Heritage Trust. 4:33 minutes in. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  7. ^ Solomon sold the meteorite mass he had extracted to a speculator for a sum far below its worth.[3]: 66–67  The University of Western Ontario eventually bought it. See: "Meteorite's Purchaser Has an Eye to Business : Dr. Luke Smith Receives Many Offers, But Waits for 'Top' Bid". The Brantford Expositor. Chatham, Ontario. 14 July 1939. p. 5. Retrieved 15 January 2024 – via Newspapers.com. Mrs. Dan Solomon, wife of the farmer who sold the $200 rock for $4, is worried. 'I don't know what Dan was thinking of [...],' she lamented. '[He] didn't really know what he was doing.'
  8. ^ Rabbi Feinberg stayed with the family of William Carter, an uncle of Hugh Burnett, and on one occasion spoke at the Baptist Hall. See: Sangster, Dorothy (1 October 1950). "The Impulsive Crusader of Holy Blossom". Maclean's. Toronto: Maclean Hunter Publishing. p. 28. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2023. Holy Blossom's congregation has been addressed [...] most recently by William Carter, a colored citizen of Dresden, Ont., the town which voted against serving Negroes in its restaurants. Later, Feinberg visited Dresden, staying with the Carter family and speaking in the local Baptist Hall.
  9. ^ Dr. Ruttle was a recipient of the Ontario Medical Association's Glenn Sawyer Award for his services to medicine and his community. See: "John 'Jack' Alexander Ruttle". Chatham-Kent Physician Tribute (obituary). Chatham-Kent: Howard J. Rees Foundation. n.d. Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  10. ^ Spearman was inducted into the Ontario Community Newspaper Association's Hall of Fame in 2020. See: Romphf, Jake (18 June 2020). "Dresden newspaper editor inducted into Hall of Fame". Chatham-Kent This Week. Postmedia. Retrieved 7 January 2024.

Memorials

The Dresden Cenotaph, sited at the corner of St. George Street and Queen Street, displays the names of the dead of World War I, World War II, and the Korean War.[42] [43] It is complemented by information about the dead held by the Canadian Virtual War Memorial[166] [167] and Library and Archives Canada.[168] [169]

In Dresden Cemetery, a war memorial is dedicated to those who were killed in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. A surrounding memorial field contains crosses commemorating each of the dead.[170] The cemetery, which has over 7000 memorials, also displays a memorial plaque marking the movement, between 2004 and 2006, of nearly 1000 erosion-threatened gravesites: these include those of several church founders, church leaders, abolitionists, Underground Railroad conductors, and town founders.

In Dresden, two honour rolls inside St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church list the names of parishioners who served in the military in World Wars I and II.[171] Honour rolls are also displayed inside the First Regular Baptist Church – for parishioners who served in World War II;[172] inside the North Dresden Baptist Church – for those who served or were killed in World War II;[173] and inside Christ Church Anglican – for those who served in World Wars I and II.[174] As an act of remembrance, the Royal Canadian Legion Branch 113 Dresden displays a poster of a particular veteran each week in the Legion Hall.

The Gathering Our Heroes C-K project is compiling a database of all veterans of both World Wars with a connection to Chatham-Kent. Starting in 2013 with the digitization of books of remembrance, by the end of 2023 it had accumulated entries for over 10,000 people, drawing on military records, newspaper reports, and submissions by members of the public. Besides names and service details, many entries include biographical information.[175]

A plaque on the bank of the River Sydenham[176] commemorates six men killed on 14 August 1957 at a cave-in[177] during excavations for the building of a water-treatment plant.

Inside the Ken Houston Memorial Agricultural Centre, two plaques record the dedication of both the old municipal arena building and its replacement, the current Centre,[xiv] as a memorial to those who served in the military or were killed.[179] Ken Houston is himself commemorated by a statue outside the Centre.[180] The Tony Stranak Conservation Area commemorates a long-serving former mayor of Dresden, while all Dresden's mayors, from 1882 to 1997, are memorialised on a plaque in the Municipal Centre.[181]

Notes

  1. ^ Comprising the Three Fires Confederacy.
  2. ^ The Lunaapeew also lived in the area. The territory of the Walpole Island (Bkejwanong) First Nation was not ceded (and remains unceded today).
  3. ^ Jared Lindsley in some records.
  4. ^ Daniel vanAllen, Vanallan or van Allan in some records.
  5. ^ Trail markers display a stylised rendering of the red trillium, Trillium erectum, a native of Ontario.
  6. ^ Owners of listed buildings must give 60 days' notice of their intentions.
  7. ^ A card providing government-issued identification to Ontarians who do not have a driver’s licence
  8. ^ In Canada, a secondary school offering both academic and vocational subjects and courses.
  9. ^ Formerly known as the Erie St. Clair LHIN (Local Health Integration Network), and still appearing as such in some web pages and publications.
  10. ^ Ecodistricts are nested in an ecoregion that, in turn, is nested in an ecozone. The St. Thomas and Essex ecodistricts are part of the Lake Erie-Lake Ontario ecoregion (roughly corresponding with the Lake Erie Lowland ecoregion under the federal classification scheme) within the overarching Mixedwood Plains ecozone.[154]: 3 
  11. ^ Typically, managed under various provincial tax incentive or grant schemes.
  12. ^ Such as Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest.
  13. ^ A church that does not have full status as a parish church, and is supported by a parish, diocese, or other organization.
  14. ^ Known as the Lambton-Kent Memorial Agricultural Centre until December 2018.[178]

References

  1. ^ "Ontario field crop area and production estimates by county". Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Government of Ontario. 31 May 2023.
  2. ^ "Ontario fruit and vegetable production and farm value by county". Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Government of Ontario. 9 December 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d Plotkin, Howard (April 2006). "The Dresden (Ontario) H6 Chondrite, Part I: Fireball Observations, Recovery and Sale, Field Searches, and Tribute". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 100 (2): 64–72. Bibcode:2006JRASC.100...64P. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Brandon, Robert (1954). A History of Dresden : Printed To Mark The Occasion of Dresden's Centennial Celebrations, June 30 – July 5, 1954. Dresden, Ontario: The Dresden Times.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Lauriston, Victor (1952). Romantic Kent : The Story of a County 1626-1952 (1st ed.). County of Kent and the City of Chatham: Shepherd Printing Co.
  6. ^ Butt, S.; Ramprasadi, P.; Fenech, A. (2005). "Changes in the landscape of Southern Ontario, Canada since 1750: impacts of European colonization". In Fenech, A.; MacIver, D; Auld, H. (eds.). Integrated Mapping Assessment (PDF). Toronto, Ontario: Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment Canada. pp. 83–92. Retrieved 14 January 2024 – via IslandScholar.
  7. ^ "McKee Treaty, No. 2 [transcript]". Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Treaty Texts – Upper Canada Land Surrenders. Government of Canada. 7 March 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  8. ^ a b "Road to Understanding Indigenous Culture" (PDF). Municipality of Chatham-Kent. 9 June 2021. (p. 2, map: for Treaty No. 2 (McKee), see area coloured purple marking locations of modern Windsor, Chatham, and London; for Treaty No. 25 (Longwoods), see light blue quasi-rectangle above Treaty No. 2 area). Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  9. ^ "Longwoods Treaty, No. 25 [transcript]". Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Treaty Texts – Upper Canada Land Surrenders. Government of Canada. 7 March 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  10. ^ a b Government of Canada (1891). Canada. Indian treaties and surrenders, from 1680 to 1890. In Two Volumes. Vol. 1. Ottawa: B. Chamberlain (Queen's Printer). P. viii: see entry for Camden. P. xi, see entries 17 Oct. 1818, 5 Nov. 1818, 9 Mar. 1819, and 9 May 1820, tagged "Provisional surrender"; and 8 July 1822 "Confirmatory surrender". doi:10.14288/1.0355812. Retrieved 12 January 2024 – via Canadian Research Knowledge Network/Canadiana.
  11. ^ "Disclaimer for Interactive Map of Historic Treaties and Treaty First Nations in Canada". Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. 3 October 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2024. Note: Historic Treaty boundaries are largely un-surveyed and therefore estimated based on treaty texts.
  12. ^ Ministry of Indigenous Affairs (23 October 2023) [24 April 2018]. Map of Ontario treaties and reserves (Dynamic map with treaty area overlays). Cartography by Esri. Government of Ontario. Enter Dresden, Chatham-Kent, ON, CAN in search field at top right of map. Retrieved 12 January 2024. Please note that this map has some limitations and is one of many ways to learn about treaties. Indigenous communities may have different understandings of the treaties than is represented here.
  13. ^ Carter, Marie (2014). "Chapter 9: Reimagining the Dawn Settlement". In de B'béri, Boulou Ebanda; Reid-Maroney, Nina & Wright, Handel Kashope (eds.). The Promised Land: History and Historiography of the Black Experience in Chatham-Kent's Settlements and Beyond. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 184; Drew (q.v.) is cited on p. 178. doi:10.3138/9781442667457-010. ISBN 9781442667464.
  14. ^ a b Drew, Benjamin [in German] (1856). "A North-Side View of Slavery. The Refugee: or the Narratives of Fugitive Slaves in Canada. Related by Themselves, with an Account of the History and Condition of the Colored Population of Upper Canada". Wellesley College Digital Depository (1st ed.). Boston, Mass.: John P. Jewett & Co. p. 308. Retrieved 14 January 2024. Dresden is situated at the head of navigation on the Big Bear Creek [Sydenham], just above the bend in the river which indents the lands of the Dawn Institute. It is in the gore of Camden, being part of the township of Camden.
  15. ^ Edwards, Ron (1983). "McNIFF, PATRICK". Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 5. University of Toronto/Université Laval. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  16. ^ Brock, Daniel J. (1983). "IREDELL, ABRAHAM". Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 5. University of Toronto/Université Laval. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  17. ^ a b c "The Kent County Annual and Almanac for 1883" (PDF). Chatham-Kent Public Library Digital Collections. Chatham, Ontario: James Soutar. 1883. Dresden section (pp. 3-9). Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  18. ^ a b "Illustrated Historical Atlas of the Counties of Essex and Kent, 1880 1881". Internet Archive. Toronto: H. Belden & Co. 1881. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  19. ^ a b Cowan, Hugh; Thaddeus S., Arnold; Lampman, A.; Leader, Jeanette (1948). "Some historical notes on the County of Kent taken from various sources of information now in the hands of the Kent Historical Society" (PDF). Chatham-Kent Public Library Digital Collections. Chatham, Ontario: Kent Historical Society. Dresden section, compiled c. 1926 (pp. 103-106). Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  20. ^ Josiah Henson Museum of African-Canadian History. "Reclaiming Josiah Henson". Ontario Heritage Trust. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  21. ^ Wang, Kelly (30 July 2022). "New name for Uncle Tom's Cabin Historic Site to reclaim legacy of Josiah Henson". globalnews.ca. Corus Entertainment. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  22. ^ CBC News (21 June 2022). "Southwestern Ontario council renames Uncle Tom's Road over links to anti-Black racism". www.cbc.ca. CBC/Radio-Canada. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  23. ^ Sutherland, R. R. (1864). "County of Kent Gazeteer, and General Business Directory, for 1864-5" (PDF). Chatham-Kent Public Library Digital Collections. Ingersoll, Ontario: A.R. & John Sutherland. Dresden section (pp. 81-83). Retrieved 12 December 2023. Dresden contains two saw mills, one grist mill, five general stores, [sundry shops], two hotels, four churches [...], an Orange lodge, an Odd Fellows lodge, [...] also two schools [...].
  24. ^ "A Trip from Chatham to Oil Springs : Dresden". The Hamilton Times. 3 August 1865. p.2 col.4 – via Newspapers.com. Barges, tug-boats and schooners even, come up to Dresden, and sometimes a little further, to load with staves and cordwood. The latter seems to be the great staple [...].
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Spearman, Don (1991). Landmarks From The Past : A pictorial history of Dresden and area. Dresden, Ontario: Stephen Lane Enterprises. ISBN 096906313X.
  26. ^ Shackleton, J.W. & McIntosh, F.J. (9 October 2019) [1876]. Shackleton & McIntosh's County of Kent in the Province of Ontario, Dominion of Canada, Compiled from the most Authentic Sources by J.W. Shackleton & F.J. McIntosh, Civil Engineers, Chatham, Ontario (Dynamic historical map with modern topographic, bird's-eye view and street-map overlays). Cartography by OpenStreetMap contributors and Esri. Ontario Historical County Maps Project. To access, first close the information box. Then enter "Dresden" in search field at top left, and click the search icon. Retrieved 16 February 2024 – via ArcGIS. Please note that this web mapping application is a work in progress.
  27. ^ "Beaver (1870), Hiawatha (1874), Enterprise (1874), Byron Trerice (1882), United Lumbermen (1884)". Maritime History of the Great Lakes. Search results using media type 'Ship' and geographic location 'Dresden'. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  28. ^ Squire, J.P. (31 December 1976). "When Alexander Graham Bell brought some fun to Blenheim". Windsor Star. p. A13. Retrieved 27 January 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i Hyatt, Alice L. (June 1967). The Story of Dresden 1825 – 1967. The Dresden Times.
  30. ^ "The Kent County Annual and Almanac for the Year 1890" (PDF). Chatham-Kent Public Library Digital Collections. Chatham, Ontario: James Soutar. 1890. Dresden section (pp. 63-64). Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  31. ^ "Dresden May Lose Sugar Factory Owing to a Quarrel". Waterloo Region Record. 12 November 1903. p.1 col.5. Retrieved 28 January 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  32. ^ a b Hill, Millar (27 June 2022). "Conagra celebrates 75 years of tomato processing in Dresden". CK News Today. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  33. ^ "The Union Publishing Co's farmers' and business directory, for the counties of Essex, Kent and Lambton, 1903" (PDF). Chatham-Kent Public Library Digital Collections (Vol. XIII ed.). Ingersoll, Ontario: Union Publishing Company. 1903. pp. 334-339 (Dresden section). Retrieved 10 February 2024.
  34. ^ "Town Gets Soft Water : Dresden Plant Pumps Away". Windsor Star. 2 August 1958. p. 7. Retrieved 30 January 2024 – via Newspapers.com. Within a few hours after it was opened, the plant was producing 250 gallons of purified water a minute.
  35. ^ a b c d Spearman, Don; deVries, Calvin; Brandon, Robert (1982). The History of Dresden Updated from 1954 to 1981 : To supplement Mr. Robert Brandon's History of Dresden, published 1954. Dresden, Ontario: Dresden Centennial Committee. p. 3: This [...] edition is a compilation of 'bare-bone' facts of the happenings from 1954 to 1981[.]
  36. ^ "Poisson [...] Opens Span At Dresden : Cement Bridge Over Sydenham River is Dedicated : Town Rejoices". Border Cities Star. 30 December 1933. p. 11. Retrieved 27 January 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. ^ "Clerk sees sewer need". Windsor Star. 14 August 1970. p.25 col.5. Retrieved 2 February 2024 – via Newspapers.com. The only industry in the park, occupying three acres of land, is Dresden Ready Mix, a cement manufacturing company employing four men.
  38. ^ "Dresden gets boost from sanitary sewers". Windsor Star. 2 January 1975. p. 5. Retrieved 2 February 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. ^ "The Kent Regiment, Ontario, Canada". Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth. Regiments.org. 8 June 2005. Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 4 February 2024 – via The Wayback Machine.
  40. ^ "Service Flag" (PDF). Canadian War Museum. 8 August 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  41. ^ "Sydenham Chapter Re-Elects Regent to Sixteenth Term". Windsor Star. 3 March 1930. p. 9. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  42. ^ a b Sargeant, John P. (14 January 2008). "Dresden Ontario Cenotaph". Flickr (Photo album). SmugMug+Flickr. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  43. ^ a b Google (September 2023). "Dresden Cenotaph". Google Street View. Google. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  44. ^ "Kent County Family Almanac program : Reprints of Broadcasts : 15 February to 8 November 1945 [chapters 1 to 39]" (CFCO transcripts). Chatham, Ontario: Canada and Dominion Sugar Company Ltd. (program sponsor). 1945. Search for Welcome Home or Dresden. Retrieved 16 February 2024 – via Chatham-Kent Public Library Digital Collections.
  45. ^ a b Conservation Authorities Branch of the Ontario Department of Energy and Resources Management (1969). Sydenham Valley Conservation Report 1968 : Summary. Toronto: Queen’s Printers – via Internet Archive. p. 77: Wallaceburg and Dresden are subject to frequent and severe flooding. [...] The problem is extremely serious.
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