VSR-84 "Dubok"
Ukrainian Butan woodland pattern.
Type	Military camouflage pattern
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1984–present
Used by	See Users
Wars	Afghan Civil War (1989-1992) First Nagorno-Karabakh War Afghan Civil War (1992-1996) Russo-Georgian War War in Donbas Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
Production history
Designed	1984
Produced	1984–present
Variants	See Variants

The VSR-84 "Dubok"^[1] (also "Butan"^[2] or "Butane"^[3]) is a tricolor military camouflage designed for the Soviet Armed Forces in 1984. After the dissolution of the USSR, it was used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 2014.^[4]

The camouflage is sometimes known as TTsKO (Russian: Tryokhtsvetnaya kamuflirovannaya odezdha, lit. 'Three Color Camouflage').^[5]

History

The Dubok was developed in 1984 for the former Soviet Army.^[6] They were used by the Soviet Air Forces and Soviet Airborne Forces.^[7] The pattern was first used in Afghanistan.^[1]

Russian service

The Dubok was seen with Russian spetsnaz forces deployed in 1992 during the Transnistria War as "peacekeepers".^[8]

The pattern was seen with officers while privates and other soldiers were using the VSR-93.^[9]

Ukrainian service

Then-president Leonid Kuchma said in July 1993 that the Ukrainian military would receive new camouflage uniforms, but it was never issued.^[10] By 1994, Duboks were seen with darker camouflage prints.^[11]

Duboks in Ukrainian service were replaced by digital camouflage in 2014.^[12] At the time, it was reported that Ukraine obtained Dubok fabric from Belarusian and Chinese producers.^[13]

The Dubok was last used by Ukrainian troops in 2014 during the Donbass War, which was replaced by the MM14^[2] from August 21, 2014.^[1]

Design

The color scheme "oak", known as "amoeba",^[14] consists of a light green background, on which spots of green and brown colors are applied.^[6] Camouflage is designed to blur the silhouette at long and close distances.

Variants

Belarus

Belarus formerly used a clone of the Ukrainian Dubok desert variant.^[15]

Croatia

Croatia used Soviet-era dubok as basis for clones made during the Croatian War of Independence.^[16]

Estonia

Estonia made their versions of the TTsKO after it gained independence with inconsistent green colors.^[17]

Moldova

Moldova used Ukrainian-made duboks, but with whorl-based shapes on the pattern.^[18]

Ukraine

A desert variant was developed based on the Ukrainian version of the Dubok.^[19][20] It's either known in the Ukrainian military as the Dubok-P (Desert) or Dubok-UA (Desert-UA).^[1]

Users

Current

Unrecognized Entities

•  Donetsk People's Republic^{[citation needed]}
•  Luhansk People's Republic^{[citation needed]}

Former

•  Armenia: Formerly used by Armenian border guard forces.^[21]
•  Azerbaijan: Used by Azeri border guard in the 1990s after the fall of the USSR.^[22]
•  Belarus: Known to be used by Belarusian airborne and special forces units.^[23] Ukrainian desert variant used in 2003-2004 with Belarusian soldiers in peacekeeping missions in desert scenarios.^[15]
•  Croatia: Croatian clones of Soviet-era duboks used in the Croatian war of independence in 1991.^[16]
•  Estonia: Formerly used by Estonian military and border guard forces.^[17] Some uniforms were based on local TTsKO camouflage.^[17]
•  Kyrgyzstan: Used by Kyrgyz military in the 1990s.^[24]
•  Moldova: Moldovan troops used a variant of the Soviet-era TTsKo from 1991 to 1995.^[18]
•  Democratic Republic of Afghanistan: Used by the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan until its dissolution in 1992.^{[citation needed]} Passed on to various private armies such as Hekmatyar's Hezbi Islami, Massoud's Jamiat Islami and Dostum's Junbish.^{[citation needed]}

•  Russia: Adopted in 1991.^[25] Replaced later on by the VSR/Dubok in 1991 for specialist units in the Russian military before the rest of the military and the MVD received the pattern in 1994.
•  Serbian Krajina: Kninjas paramilitary forces used one piece coverall uniforms made from M82-based TTsKo.^[26]
•  Soviet Union: Until dissolution in 1991, passed onto successor states.^{[citation needed]}
•  Ukraine: Used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 2014.^[27][4][28] Replaced from service by the MM14.^[2]