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((Short description|Silesian duchy (1290–1850)))
((More citations needed|date=January 2008))
((expand Czech|date=March 2024|topic=hist))
((Infobox country
|native_name            = ''Księstwo Nyskie'' <small>([[Polish language|pl]])</small><br/>''Herzogtum Neisse'' <small>([[German language|de]])<br/></small> ''Niské knížectví'' <small>([[Czech language|cs]])</small>
|conventional_long_name = Duchy of Nysa
|common_name            = Nysa
|era                    = Middle Ages<br/>Early modern period
|status                 = [[Duchies of Silesia|Silesian duchy]]
|empire                 = 
|government_type        = 
|year_start             = 1290
|year_end               = 1850
|life_span              = 1290–1850
|event_start            = Partitioned from<br/>((spaces|4))[[Lower Silesia|Wrocław]]
|date_start             = 
|event1                 = Vassalized by <br/>((spaces|4))[[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]]
|date_event1            = 1342
|event2                 = Acquired [[Grodków]]
|date_event2            = 1344
|event3                 = [[Treaty of Breslau|Partitioned]] by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]<br/>((spaces|4))and [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]]
|date_event3            = 1742
|event4                 = Incorporated by <br/>((spaces|4))Prussia
|date_event4            = 1810
|event_end              = Seized by Austria
|date_end               = 
|p1                     = Duchy of Silesia
|image_p1               = [[File:POL województwo dolnośląskie COA.svg|20px|Duchy of Wrocław]]
|s1                     = Silesia Province
|image_s1               = [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg|20px|border|Kingdom of Prussia]]
|s2                     = Austrian Silesia
|image_s2               = [[File:Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg|20px|border|Austrian Empire]]
|image_flag             = 
|image_coat             = POL księstwo nyskie COA.svg
|image_map              = Blaeu 1645 - Silesia Ducatus.jpg
|image_map_caption      = Map of Silesia by [[Martin Heilwig|Martin Helwig]], native of Nysa, published in 1645 in ''[[Atlas Maior|Atlas novus]]'' of [[Willem Blaeu|Willem]] and [[Joan Blaeu]]. The Duchy of Nysa (here depicted as <small>''DVCATUS GROTKAVIENSIS''</small>) extends to [[Jeseník]] (''Freiwaldau'') in the south and [[Osoblaha]] (''Hotzenplotz'') in the east.
|capital                = [[Nysa, Poland|Nysa]]
|footnotes              = 
))
The '''Duchy of Nysa''' (((lang-pl|Księstwo Nyskie)), ((lang-cs|Niské knížectví))) or '''Duchy of Neisse''' (((lang-de|Herzogtum Neisse))) was one of the [[duchies of Silesia]] with its capital at [[Nysa, Poland|Nysa]] in [[Lower Silesia]]. Alongside the [[Duchy of Siewierz]], it was the only [[Prince-Bishop|ecclesiastical duchy]] in the [[Silesia]]n region, as it was ruled by a [[bishop]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. Nowadays its territory is divided between [[Poland]] and the [[Czech Republic]].

==History==
[[File:Neisse - Kathedrale und Belfried.jpg|thumb|left|Nysa Cathedral]]
Upon his appointment as [[Bishop of Wrocław]] in 1198, [[Jarosław, Duke of Opole|Jarosław of Opole]], elder son of the [[Duchy of Silesia|Silesian]] duke [[Bolesław I the Tall]], received the territories around the town of Nysa (((lang-de|Neisse))) from his father. After Jarosław's death in 1201, his half-brother Duke [[Henry I the Bearded]] of Silesia decided to leave Nysa, as well as the castellany of [[Otmuchów]], under the control of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław|Diocese of Wrocław]], while the rest of the late Jarosław's Upper Silesian lands were annexed by his uncle [[Mieszko IV Tanglefoot]] in the following year. In 1290 [[Henry IV Probus]], duke of [[Lower Silesia]] at [[Wrocław]], gave the bishops privileges of autonomy on their lands in Nysa, creating the legal basis for the Duchy of Nysa. Henry of Wierzbna, Bishop of Wrocław from 1302 to 1319, was the first to actually use the title of a Duke of Nysa.

The duchy in its original form only lasted until 1335, when Silesia passed to the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]] by the [[Treaty of Trentschin]]. In 1342 Bishop Przecław of Pogorzeli swore the oath of [[fealty]] to King [[John of Bohemia|John the Blind]] and afterwards played a vital role in the negotiations for the 1348 [[Treaty of Namslau]] between John's successor [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]] and King [[Casimir III the Great]] of Poland. Pogorzeli also significantly enlarged his territory by acquisition of [[Grodków]] (((lang|de|Grottkau))) from Duke [[Bolesław III the Generous]] of [[Duchy of Brzeg|Brzeg]] in 1344. For the next two hundred years, the Polish, Czech and German inhabitants of Nysa-Grodków lived in relative harmony, even during the beginnings of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] as the control of the region switched between Protestant and Catholic rulers. This ended with the [[Thirty Years' War]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YgQ0B1CNYfQC&pg=PA529&dq=Duchy+of+Nysa#PPA529,M1 Mark Salter, Jonathan Bousfield, "Poland", Rough Guides, 2002, pg. 529]</ref>
[[File:Österreichisch-Schlesien 1746 en.svg|thumb|left|The Duchy of Nysa (yellow) within Austrian Silesia]]
The episcopate was abandoned by the bishops during the [[Silesian Wars]]. Following the First Silesian War, the 1742 [[Treaty of Breslau]] divided the principality, with the larger northern part (((convert|1231|km2|abbr=on|disp=comma))) including the town of Nysa becoming part of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] and a smaller southern part (((convert|900|km2|abbr=on|disp=comma))) remaining with the [[Habsburg monarchy|Austrian-ruled]] Kingdom of Bohemia. In 1810 the Prussian part was secularized, its autonomy removed and it was incorporated into the Prussian [[Silesia Province]]. The small part remaining in the [[Austrian Empire]] was likewise secularized to the crown land of [[Austrian Silesia]] in 1850 and is today part of [[Czech Silesia]].
((Clear))

==See also==
*[[Bishop of Wrocław]]

==References==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
* [[The Catholic Encyclopedia]]: [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02761a.htm Breslau] and [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13790b.htm Silesia]

((Duchies of Silesia))

((coord|50.466667|17.333333|format=dms|display=title|type:landmark))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Nysa, Duchy))
[[Category:1850 disestablishments in Europe]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1290]]
[[Category:Duchies of Silesia]]
[[Category:History of Czech Silesia]]

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