The missionary ship Duff arriving at Otaheite in 1797
History
Great Britain
Name	Duff
Owner	1795:J. Carbine 1796:Cox & Co.
Builder	Peter Everitt Mestaer, King and Queen Dock, Rotherhithe[1]
Launched	3 March 1794[1]
Fate	Captured 1799
General characteristics
Type	Ship
Tons burthen	267[1] (bm)
Propulsion	Sail
Complement	18 crew
Armament	1797: 10 × 6-pounder guns[2]

Duff was a ship launched on the Thames in 1794. In 1796 the London Missionary Society engaged her to take a party of missionaries to the South Pacific. Once she had landed the missionaries she sailed to China and took a cargo back to England for the British East India Company. On this voyage her captain named a variety of South Pacific islands. On her second voyage to deliver missionaries a French privateer captured her in 1799 off the coast of Brazil on the outward-bound leg of her voyage.

First voyage

Duff was originally under the command of P. Gordon, with owner J. Carbine and traded between London and Gibraltar.^{[3] [4]}

In 1795 the just formed London Missionary Society decided to send missionaries to the South Pacific. Captain James Wilson volunteered his services and the society was able to afford to purchase Duff. Lloyd's Register for 1796 shows that Wilson replaced Gordon as master of Duff, and Cox & Co. replaced J. Carbine as owner. Also, her trade changed to London-Port Jackson.^[5] By 1797, her trade was London-South Seas.^[a]

The London Missionary Society instructed Wilson to deliver a group of missionaries and their families (consisting of thirty men, six women, and three children) to their postings in Tahiti, Tonga, and the Marquesas Islands. Captain Wilson and Duff left The Downs on 13 August 1796 and by 12 November she was at Rio de Janeiro.^[8] On 6 March 1797 she reached Matavai (Mahina), where 14 missionaries and their families disembarked.^[9] Duff next delivered nine volunteers to Tongatapu on 26 March. One left immediately, and over time the locals killed three.^[10]

While sailing from Tongatapu to the Marquesas, Wilson became the first European to visit Pukarua, which he found uninhabited and named Searle Island. On 24 May Wilson he sighted Mangareva in the Gambier Islands, which he named for James Gambier, then a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty. The largest land feature on Mangareva is named Mount Duff.^[11] At Mangareva Duff stopped at Rikitea. Wilson was the first European to visit Temoe in the Gambiers, which he named "Crescent Island".

By 5 June Duff was at Resolution Bay, in the Marquesas.^[b] Here Duff landed William Pascoe Crook. On 6 July Duff was at Matavai again and was at Tahiti by 18 July. On 18 August she was back at Tonga. From there Wilson and Duff sailed for China, arriving on 13 December at Whampoa.^[8] On this voyage Wilson charted the location of a number of islands. In the Caroline Islands he visited Satawal, Elato, and Lamotrek. In the Fiji Islands Wilson also charted Vanua Balavu, Fulaga, and Ogea Levu. In the Santa Cruz Islands, now part of Solomon Islands, Duff is remembered by the Duff Islands, charted on 25 September 1797.

Duff left China 5 Jan 1798 and reached Malacca on 16 January, the Cape of Good Hope on 17 March, and St Helena on 15 April. She was at Cork on 24 June, and arrived at Long Reach on 10 July.^[8]

Second voyage and loss

Captain Thomas Robson and Duff left Britain on 20 December 1798. She was carrying a second group of 30 missionaries (among them Clark Bentom), for the South Pacific.^[9]

The French privateer Grande Buonaparte captured Duff on 19 February 1799 off Cape Frio near Rio de Janeiro.^[c] Her captors took Duff to Montevideo, Uruguay, where they released her crew and passengers. The missionaries finally arrived back at London on 5 October 1799.^[9]

Her captors sold Duff. Subsequently, Portuguese privateers captured Duff, only to lose her to French privateers. Her subsequent fate is currently unknown.^[9]