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((Short description|American record label))
((More citations needed|date=October 2010))
((Infobox record label <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Music -->
| name        = Duke Records
| image       = <!-- logo, such as "LABEL-LOGO.jpg" -->
| image_size  = <!-- size -->
| image_alt   = <!-- WP:ALT text describing the image -->
| caption     = <!-- a caption for the image -->
| parent      = <!-- parent company, such as "[[Warner Music Group]]" -->
| founded     = 1952
| founder     = <!-- name of founders, separated by using commas, ((Flatlist)) or ((Hlist)) -->
| defunct     = <!-- year the label dissolved, such as ((end date|1990)) -->
| status      = <!-- leave blank unless "Inactive" -->
| distributor = <!-- distributors, separated by using commas, ((Flatlist)) or ((Hlist)) -->
| genre       = <!-- such as "[[World music|World]]" or "Various", separated by using commas, ((Flatlist)) or ((Hlist)) -->
| country     = [[United States]]
| location    = <!-- headquarters city and state -->
| website     = <!-- such as "((URL|www.atlanticrecords.com))" -->
))

'''Duke Records''' was an American [[record label]], started in [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[Tennessee]], in 1952 by David James Mattis ([[WDIA]] program director and DJ) and Bill Fitzgerald, owners of Tri-State Recording Company.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.rockabilly.nl/references/messages/rosco_gordon.htm |title=Rosco Gordon |website=Rockabilly.nl |access-date=2015-12-31))</ref> Their first release was [[Rosco Gordon|Roscoe Gordon]] singing "Hey Fat Girl", issued on Duke R-1, later amended to R-101.

==History==
After forming a partnership with Mattis in the summer of 1952, [[Don Robey]] (founder of [[Houston]]'s [[Peacock Records]]) took control of Duke. Both labels then headquartered at his Bronze Peacock club at 2809 Erastus Street in Houston, focusing on [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]] and [[gospel music]]. Robey started a subsidiary, [[Back Beat Records]], in 1957 and this later specialised in [[soul music]], along with Sure Shot Records, whilst Peacock specialised in gospel recordings.

Duke's leading artist was [[Bobby Bland|Bobby "Blue" Bland]] who stayed with the label for many years until its demise, mostly recording successfully with arranger/bandleader [[Joe Scott (musician)|Joe Scott]]. [[Johnny Ace]] was a major R&B artist in the early years of the label before his death at a young age, with a string of R&B top 10 hits including three that went to number one. [[Junior Parker]] was another important presence on Duke, recording a long string of singles for the label between 1953 and 1966, scoring seven top-twenty ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' hits during his tenure.

Robey sold his labels to [[ABC Records|ABC Dunhill Records]] on 23 May 1973. The Duke labels were soon closed down with the imprints retained by ABC in their catalog,<ref>((cite web |url=http://cdn.discogs.com/v9W3CYwwJgP6vpaw9NuPM0MmkpA=/fit-in/300x300/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()/discogs-images/R-3088770-1315174681.jpeg.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-03-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324051829/http://cdn.discogs.com/v9W3CYwwJgP6vpaw9NuPM0MmkpA%3D/fit-in/300x300/filters%3Astrip_icc%28%29%3Aformat%28jpeg%29%3Amode_rgb%28%29/discogs-images/R-3088770-1315174681.jpeg.jpg |archive-date=2016-03-24 ))</ref> with only Bobby Bland being retained by the new parent label.

==Label variations==
===Independent distribution===
* 1953-1958 Gospel series: White and purple label
* 1952-1961 Standard series: Gold and dark purple label
* 1961-1972: Orange and yellow label for commercial copies, purple and white label for promotional copies

===ABC distribution===
* 1972-1973: Dark green label

==Artists==
Notable artists who recorded on Duke, Peacock and Back Beat included:
*[[Buddy Ace]]
*[[Johnny Ace]]
*[[Bobby Bland|Bobby "Blue" Bland]]
*[[Clarence 'Gatemouth' Brown]]
*[[Carl Carlton]]
*[[James "Thunderbird" Davis]]<ref>((cite web|author=Bill Dahl |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/james-thunderbird-davis-mn0000133249/biography |title=James "Thunderbird" Davis &#124; Biography & History |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=2016-11-21))</ref>
*[[Larry Davis (blues musician)|Larry Davis]]
*[[Ernie K-Doe]]
*[[Rosco Gordon|Roscoe Gordon]]
*[[Roy Head]]
*[[Joe Hinton]]
*[[Long John Hunter]]
*[[Frankie Lee (musician)|Little Frankie Lee]]<ref>((cite web |url=((AllMusic|class=artist|id=p416/biography|pure_url=yes))|title=Frankie Lee|author=Skelly, Richard |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=December 19, 2011))</ref>
*[[Junior Parker]]
*[[Fenton Robinson]]
*[[Otis Rush]]
*[[Big Mama Thornton]]
*[[Lavelle White]]
*[[Lester Williams (musician)|Lester Williams]]<ref>((cite web |url=((AllMusic|class=artist|id=p138453|pure_url=yes)) |title=Lester Williams |author=Ankeny, Jason |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=November 17, 2011))</ref> 
*[[O.V. Wright]]

==Current ownership==
[[Universal Music Group]] now controls the Robey labels, via their acquisition (as [[MCA Records]]) of ABC Records in 1979.

==See also==
* [[List of record labels]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==Bibliography==
* Louis Cantor. ''Wheelin' on Beale''. New York: Pharos Books, 1992, ((ISBN|978-0886876333))

==External links==
* [http://www.bsnpubs.com/abc/robey.html Don Robey's Labels] (accessed March 2008)
* [http://www.hip-oselect.com/scr.public.productdetails.asp?product_id=df341a6b-25d7-6418-4abf-950fe1f3b13d HIPO's Johnny Ace bio]
* [https://archive.org/details/georgeblood?and%5B%5D=publisher:duke Duke Records] on the Internet Archive's [http://great78.archive.org/ Great 78 Project]

((Authority control))

[[Category:American record labels]]
[[Category:Record labels established in 1952]]
[[Category:Record labels disestablished in 1973]]
[[Category:Rhythm and blues record labels]]

((US-record-label-stub))

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