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((Short description|Title in British peerage))
((for|the steamship|TSS Duke of Albany))
((distinguish|Duke of Alba))
((More citations needed|date=October 2018))
((Use dmy dates|date=January 2022))
((Infobox nobility title
| name              = Dukedom of Albany 
| image             = [[File:Coat of Arms of Leopold, Duke of Albany.svg|180px]] 
| image_size        =  
| alt               =  
| caption           = [[Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany#Arms|Arms of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany]]
| creation_date     = 24 May 1881 
| creation          = Sixth 
| monarch           = [[Queen Victoria]] 
| peerage           = [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]] 
| baronetage        =  
| first_holder      = [[Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany|Prince Leopold]] 
| last_holder       = [[Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Charles Edward]] 
| present_holder    =  
| heir_apparent     =  
| heir_presumptive  =  
| remainder_to      = the 1st Duke's [[heirs male]] [[heirs of the body|of the body]] lawfully begotten 
| subsidiary_titles = [[Earl of Clarence]]<br />[[Baron Arklow]] 
| status            = Suspended under the [[Titles Deprivation Act 1917]] on 28 March 1919 
| extinction_date   =  
| family_seat       =  
| former_seat       =  
| motto             =  
| footnotes         =  
))
[[File:Arms of Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany (1403).svg|right|thumb|170px|Arms of the Albany Stewarts]]
'''Duke of Albany''' is a [[peerage]] title that has occasionally been bestowed on younger sons in the [[Scotland|Scottish]] and later the British [[royal family]], particularly in the Houses of [[House of Stuart|Stuart]] and [[House of Hanover|Hanover]].

==History==
The Dukedom of Albany was first granted in 1398 by King [[Robert III of Scotland]] on his brother, [[Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany|Robert Stewart]], the title being in the [[Peerage of Scotland]]. "[[Alba]]ny" was a broad territorial term representing the parts of Scotland north of the [[River Forth]], roughly the former Kingdom of the [[Picts]]. The title (along with the [[Duke of Rothesay|Dukedom of Rothesay]]) was one of the first two dukedoms created in Scotland. It passed to Robert's son [[Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany|Murdoch Stewart]], and was forfeited in 1425 due to the [[attainder]] of Murdoch.

The title was again created in 1458 for [[Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany|Alexander Stewart]] but was forfeit in 1483. His son [[John Stewart, Duke of Albany|John Stewart]] was restored to the second creation in 1515 but died without heirs in 1536. In 1541 Robert, second son of [[James V of Scotland]], was styled Duke of Albany, but he died at less than a month old. The fourth creation, along with the Earldom of Ross and Lordship of Ardmannoch, was for [[Mary, Queen of Scots]]' king consort [[Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley|Lord Darnley]], whose son, later [[James VI and I|James VI of Scotland, I of England and Ireland]], inherited the titles on his death. That creation merged with the Scottish crown upon James's ascension. The title, along with the title of [[Duke of York]], with which it has since been traditionally coupled, was created for a fifth time in 1604 for [[Charles I of England|Charles]], son of [[James VI and I]]. Upon Charles's ascent to the throne in 1625, the title of Duke of Albany merged once again in the crowns.

The title was next granted in 1660 to Charles I's son, [[James II of England|James]], by Charles II. When James succeeded his elder brother to the throne in 1685, the titles again merged into the crown. The cities of [[New York City|New York]] and [[Albany, New York]], were thus both named after James, as he was the Duke of York and of Albany.  The pretender, [[Charles Edward Stuart]], gave the title Duchess of Albany to his illegitimate daughter [[Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany|Charlotte]]; she died in 1789.

The title "[[Duke of York and Albany]]" was granted three times by the Hanoverian kings.

[[Image:Carl Eduard Sachsen Coburg und Gotha.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|HRH Prince Charles Edward]], the last person to hold the title, was deprived thereof in 1919.]]
The title of "Albany" alone was granted for the fifth time, this time in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]], in 1881 to [[Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany|Prince Leopold]], the fourth son of [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name="eilers">((cite book |last=Eilers |first=Marlene |title=Queen Victoria's Descendants |publisher=Rosvall Royal Books |place=Falkoping, Sweden |date=1997 | pages=106–108, 160–162, 164–165, 179–180 |ISBN=91-630-5964-9))</ref> Prince Leopold's son, [[Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Charles Edward]] (who had succeeded as reigning [[Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] in 1900), was deprived of the peerage in 1919 for bearing arms against the United Kingdom in [[World War I]].<ref name="eilers"/> His grandson, [[Ernst Leopold Prinz von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha|Ernst Leopold]] (1935–1996), only son of Charles Edward's eldest son [[Johann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (1906–1972), sometimes used the title "Duke of Albany",<ref name="eilers"/> although the [[Titles Deprivation Act 1917]] stipulates that any successor of a suspended peer shall be restored to the peerage only by direction of the sovereign, the successor's petition for restoration having been submitted for and obtained a satisfactory review of the appropriate [[Privy Council]] committee.<ref name=titles>((cite web |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo5/7-8/47 |title= Titles Deprivation Act 1917 |year= 1917 |publisher=The National Archives |access-date= 13 March 2019))</ref>

==Dukes of Albany==
===First creation, 1398===
:''Other titles (1st Duke): [[Earl of Fife]] (1371), [[Earl of Buchan]] (1374–1406), [[Earl of Atholl]] (1403–1406)''
*[[Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany]] (((circa|1340))–1420), third son of '''[[Robert II of Scotland]]'''
:''Other titles (2nd Duke): [[Earl of Menteith]] (bef 1189), Earl of Fife (1371), Earl of Buchan (1374)''
*[[Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany]] (1362–1425), eldest son of the 1st Duke was attainted and his honours forfeit in 1425

===Second creation, 1458===
:''Other titles (1st Duke): [[Earl of March]] (1455), [[Earl of Mar]] and Earl of Garioch (1482)''
*[[Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany]] (((circa|lk=no|1454))–1485), second son of '''[[James II of Scotland|James II]]''', forfeited his honours in 1479, was restored in 1482, then forfeited them again in 1483
:''Other titles (2nd Duke): [[Earl of March]] (1455)''
*[[John Stewart, Duke of Albany]] (1482–1536), only legitimate son of the 1st Duke, was restored to his father's dukedom and Earldom of March in 1515. The honours became extinct upon his death without issue

===''Only styled'', 1541===
((Nobility table header|name=Duke))
| '''Robert Stewart'''<br>[[House of Stuart]]<br>1541–1541
| no portrait
| 12 April 1541<br>[[Falkland Palace]], [[Falkland, Fife]]<br>son of [[James V of Scotland]] and [[Mary of Guise]]
| not married
| 20 April 1541<br>Falkland Palace, Falkland, Fife<br>aged 8 days
|-
|}

===Third creation, 1565===
((Nobility table header|name=Duke))
|-
| '''[[Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley|Henry Stuart]]'''<br>[[House of Stuart]]<br>1565–1567<br><small>''also: [[Earl of Ross]] and [[Lord Ardmannoch]] (1565)''</small>
| [[File:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley.jpg|100px|Henry Stuart]]
| 19 November 1545<br>[[Dunfermline Palace]], [[Dunfermline]]<br>son of [[Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox]] and [[Margaret Douglas|Lady Margaret Douglas]]
| [[Mary, Queen of Scots]]<br>29 July 1565<br>1 child
| 10 February 1567<br>[[Kirk o' Field]], [[Edinburgh]]<br>aged 21
|-
| '''[[James VI and I|James Stuart]]'''<br>[[House of Stuart]]<br>1567<br><small>''also: [[Earl of Ross]] and [[Lord Ardmannoch]] (1565)'';<br>''[[Duke of Rothesay]] (1398)''</small>
| [[File:JamesIEngland.jpg|100px|James Stuart]]
| 19 June 1566<br>[[Edinburgh Castle]], [[Edinburgh]]<br>son of [[Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley]] and [[Mary, Queen of Scots]]
| [[Anne of Denmark]]<br>23 November 1589<br>9 children
| 27 March 1625<br>[[De Vere Theobalds Estate]], [[Cheshunt]]<br>aged 58
|-
| colspan=5|''Prince James succeeded as '''James VI''' in 1567 upon his mother's abdication, and his titles merged with the crown.''
|-
|}

===Fourth creation, 1604===
((Nobility table header|name=Duke))
|-
| '''[[Charles I of England|Charles Stuart]]'''<br>[[House of Stuart]]<br>1600–1625<ref>[[Gregg, Pauline]] (1981), ''King Charles I'', London: Dent</ref><br><small>''also: [[Marquess of Ormond (Scotland)|Marquess of Ormond]], [[Earl of Ross]], Lord Ardmannoch (1600–1625);<br>[[Duke of York]] (1605–1625);<br>[[Prince of Wales]] (1616), [[Duke of Cornwall]] (1337) and [[Duke of Rothesay]] (1398)''</small>
| [[Image:Charles I (1625).jpg|100px|Charles Stuart]]
| 19 November 1600<br>[[Dunfermline Palace]], [[Dunfermline]]<br>son of [[James VI and I]] and [[Anne of Denmark]]
| [[Henrietta Maria of France]]<br>13 June 1625<br>9 children
| 30 January 1649<br>[[Whitehall Palace]], [[London]]<br>aged 48
|-
| colspan=5|''Prince Charles succeeded as '''Charles I''' in 1625 upon [[James VI and I|his father]]'s death, and his titles merged with the crown.''
|-
|}

===Fifth creation, 1660===
((Nobility table header|name=Duke))
| '''[[James II of England|James Stuart]]'''<br>[[House of Stuart]]<br>1633 or 1644 – 1685<ref>Callow, John, The Making of King James II: The Formative Years of a King, Sutton Publishing, Ltd, Stroud, Gloucestershire, 2000. Page</ref><br><small>''also: [[Duke of York]] (1633/1644), [[Earl of Ulster]] (1659)''</small>
| [[Image:James II & VII.jpg|100px|James Stuart]]
| 14 October 1633<br>[[St. James's Palace]], [[London]]<br>son of [[Charles I of England]] and [[Henrietta Maria of France]]
| [[Anne Hyde]]<br>3 September 1660<br>8 children<br><br>[[Mary of Modena]]<br>21 November 1673<br>7 children
| 16 September 1701<br>[[Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], [[Paris]]<br>aged 67
|-
| colspan=5|''Prince James succeeded as '''James II''' in 1685 upon [[Charles II of England|his brother]]'s death, and his titles merged with the crown.''
|-
|}

===Sixth creation, 1881===
((Nobility table header|name=Duke))
| '''[[Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany|Prince Leopold]]'''<br>[[House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]<br>1882–1884<br><small>''also: [[Earl of Clarence]] and [[Baron Arklow]] (1881)''</small>
| [[File:Leopoldalbany.jpg|100px|Prince Arthur]]
| 7 April 1853<br>[[Buckingham Palace]], [[London]]<br>son of [[Queen Victoria]] and [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]]
| [[Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont]]<br>27 April 1882<br>2 children
| 28 March 1884<br>Villa Nevada, [[Cannes]]<br>aged 30
|-
| '''[[Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Charles Edward]]'''<br>[[House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]<br>1884–1919<br><small>''also: Earl of Clarence and Baron Arklow (1881)''</small>
| [[File:Carl Eduard Sachsen Coburg und Gotha.jpg|100px|Prince Arthur]]
| 19 July 1884<br>[[Claremont (country house)|Claremont]], [[Esher]]<br>son of [[Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany]] and [[Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont]]
| [[Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein]]<br>11 October 1905<br>5 children
| 6 March 1954<br>[[Coburg]]<br>aged 69
|-
|colspan=5|''The [[Titles Deprivation Act 1917]] suspended the title on 28 March 1919.''
|-
|}

==Family trees==
((Dukes of York and Albany family tree))
((Royal dukes family tree))

==Dukes of Albany in fiction==
* Thomas Norton and Thomas Sackville's play ''[[Gorboduc (play)|Gorboduc]]'' includes Fergus, the Duke of Albany, who tries to claim the British throne after Gorboduc's death through his royal descent.
*[[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[King Lear]]'', set in no particular century, includes as a major character the Duke of Albany, who is husband to Lear's daughter Goneril.
*In the 2001 film ''[[Kate & Leopold]]'', [[Hugh Jackman]] plays "Leopold Mountbatten, Duke of Albany," who holds the title in 1876, making him a fictional analog of [[Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany]], who held the title at that time. However, the surname [[Mountbatten family|Mountbatten]] is an anachronism, as the equivalent family at the time would have been called [[Battenberg family|Battenberg]].

==See also==
*[[Duchess of Albany (disambiguation)#people|Duchess of Albany]]
*[[Duke of York]]
*[[Duke of York and Albany]]
*[[Alba]]
*[[Albany (disambiguation)]]

==References==
((reflist))

((Dukes of Albany|*))
((British royal titles))

((DEFAULTSORT:Albany, Duke Of))
[[Category:Dukes of Albany| ]]
[[Category:Extinct dukedoms in the Peerage of Scotland]]
[[Category:1398 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:1425 disestablishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:1458 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:1479 disestablishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:1482 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:1483 disestablishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:1541 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:1541 disestablishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:1565 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:1567 disestablishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:1604 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:1625 disestablishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:1660 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:1685 disestablishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:1881 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1919 disestablishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British and Irish peerages which merged in the Crown]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1398]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1458]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1565]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1604]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1660]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1881]]

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