woman with a very large pot sealed with dough
Chef Asma Khan, about to open a dum biryani

Dum pukht (Persian: دُم‌ پخت), larhmeen, or slow oven cooking is a cooking technique associated with the Mughal Empire in which meat and vegetables are cooked over a low flame, generally in dough-sealed containers.[1] Traditions assign its origin in pre-partition India to the reign of Nawab of Awadh Asaf-ud-Daulah (1748–97).[2] The technique is now commonly used in other cuisines such as South Asian, Central Asian, and West Asian.[1]

Method

The term etymologically derives from Persian. Dum means 'to keep food on slow fire' and pukht means 'process of cooking', thus meaning 'cooking on slow fire'.[3] The method often requires cooking times up to 24 hours.[4][5]

Dum pukht cooking uses a round, heavy-bottomed pot, preferably a handi (clay pot), in which food is sealed and cooked over a slow fire. The two main aspects of this style of cooking are bhunao and dum, or 'roasting' and 'maturing' of a prepared dish. In this cuisine, herbs and spices are important. The process of slow roasting gently allows each to release their maximum flavour. The sealing of the lid of the handi with dough achieves maturing. Cooking slowly in its juices, the food retains its natural aromas.[1]

In some cases, cooking dough is spread over the container, like a lid, to seal the foods; this is known as pardah (veil). Upon cooking, it becomes a bread which has absorbed the flavors of the food. The bread is usually eaten with the dish.[1]

Legendary origin

Legend has it that when Nawab Asaf-ud-daulah (1748–1797) found his kingdom in the grip of famine, he initiated a food-for-work program, employing thousands in the construction of the Bada Imambara shrine. Large cauldrons were filled with rice, meat, vegetables, and spices and sealed to make a simple one-dish meal that was available to workers day and night. One day the Nawab caught a whiff of the aromas emanating from the cauldron and the royal kitchen was ordered to serve the dish.[6][2]

Other sources, however, simply state that dum pukht appears to be based on a traditional Peshawar method of cooking dishes buried in sand.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Ray, Krishnendu; Srinivas, Tulasi (2012). Curried Cultures: Globalization, Food, and South Asia. Univ of California Press. pp. 110–124. ISBN 978-0-520-27012-1.
  2. ^ a b Kalra, J. Inder Singh (26 May 2022). Prashad-Cooking with Indian Masters (Thoroughly Revised Edition, 2022). Allied Publishers. pp. 67–68. ISBN 978-93-90951-17-8.
  3. ^ Al Haj Maulvi Feerozuddin. Feerozul Lughat. Feerozsons Limited Lahore Rawalpindi Karachi.
  4. ^ Watson, Shweta (18 September 2022). "Hyderabad: Making Dum Pukht style of cooking popular again". Telangana Today. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  5. ^ "Bon appétit Hyderabad, as 'Art of Dum' brings its slow-cooked delicacies". APN News. 23 August 2022.
  6. ^ Charmaine O' Brien (15 December 2013). The Penguin Food Guide to India. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 129–. ISBN 978-93-5118-575-8.
  7. ^ J. Inder Singh Kalra; Pradeep Das Gupta (1986). Prashad Cooking with Indian Masters. Allied Publishers. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-81-7023-006-9.
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