You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.163.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 17:28, 10 March 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 18:27, 12 November 2023
- Expiry of block: 18:27, 12 November 2028
Your current IP address is 54.163.179.242. The blocked range is 54.163.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|None))
((more citations needed|date=February 2013))
((Infobox economy
| image = Kigali2018Cropped.jpg
| caption = [[Kigali]], the [[financial centre]] of [[Rwanda]]
| currency = [[Rwandan franc]] (RWF, FRw)
| year = calendar year
| organs = [[African Union|AU]], [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]], [[World Trade Organization|WTO]], [[ECCAS]], [[East African Community|EAC]], [[COMESA]]
| group = ((plainlist|
*[[Least developed countries|Least Developed]]<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=2200&sg=All+countries+%2f+Emerging+market+and+developing+economies |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=29 September 2019 |ref=((SfnRef|IMF|2019)) |archive-date=10 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010203013/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=2200&sg=All+countries+%2F+Emerging+market+and+developing+economies |url-status=live ))</ref>
*[[Least Developed Countries|Low-income economy]]<ref>((cite web |url=https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups |title=World Bank Country and Lending Groups |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=datahelpdesk.worldbank.org |access-date=29 September 2019 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028223324/https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups |url-status=live ))</ref>))
| population = ((increase)) 12,374,397 (2019 proj.)<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.rw/publication/size-resident-population |title=Size of the resident population |publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]] |website=statistics.gov.rw |access-date=5 November 2019 |archive-date=13 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113143046/http://www.statistics.gov.rw/publication/size-resident-population |url-status=live ))</ref>
| gdp = ((plainlist|
*((increase))  $13.150 billion (nominal; 2023 est.)<ref name="IMFWEO-202304">((Cite web |title=World Economic Outlook, April 2023 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/RWA |access-date=April 11, 2023 |website=[[International Monetary Fund]]))</ref> 
*((increase)) $41.89 billion (PPP; 2023 est.)<ref name="IMFWEO-202304" /> 
))
| gdp rank = ((plainlist|
*[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|139th (nominal, 2019)]]
*[[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|129th (PPP, 2020)]]))
| growth = ((plainlist|
*8.6%&nbsp;(2018) 9.5%&nbsp;(2019e)
*-3.4%&nbsp;(2020e) 10.9%&nbsp;(2021e)
*6.8%&nbsp;(2022e) 6.2%&nbsp;(2031e) <ref name="IMFWEO-202304"/>))
| per capita = ((plainlist|
*((increase)) $970 (nominal, 2023 est.)<ref name="IMFWEO-202304"/>
*((increase)) $3,099 (PPP, 2023.)<ref name="IMFWEO-202304"/>))
| per capita rank = ((plainlist|
*[[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|167th (nominal, 2019)]]
*[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|165th (PPP, 2019)]]))
| sectors = ((plainlist|
*[[Primary sector of the economy|agriculture]]: 30.9%
*[[Secondary sector of the economy|industry]]: 17.6%
*[[Tertiary sector of the economy|services]]: 51.5% (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFRW">((cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/rwanda/ |title=The World Factbook |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |website=CIA.gov |access-date=2 February 2019 |ref=((SfnRef|CIA|2019)) |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109091722/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/rwanda |url-status=live ))</ref>))
| inflation = 6.9% (2020 est.)<ref name="2020/01">((cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2020 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2020/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=28&pr.y=5&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=714&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CPPPGDP%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=18 April 2020 |archive-date=30 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730225851/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2020/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=28&pr.y=5&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=714&s=NGDP_RPCH,PPPGDP,PCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |url-status=live ))</ref>
| poverty = ((plainlist|
*39.1% (2015 est.)<ref name="CIAWFRW"/>
*55.5% on less than $1.90/day (2016)<ref>((cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY?locations=RW |title=Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Rwanda |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=11 December 2019 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211210137/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY%3Flocations%3DRW |url-status=live ))</ref>))
| gini = 43.7 ((color|darkorange|medium)) (2016)<ref>((cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=RW |title=GINI Index (World Bank Estimate) |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=12 May 2019 |archive-date=12 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512101547/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DRW |url-status=live ))</ref>
| hdi = ((plainlist|
*((decrease)) 0.534 ((color|red|low)) (2021)<ref>((cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=23 November 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215174637/http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |url-status=live ))</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|165th]])
*((increase)) 0.402 ((color|red|low)) [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2021)<ref>((cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi |title=Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=23 November 2022 |archive-date=12 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212055527/http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi |url-status=live ))</ref>))
| labor = ((plainlist|
*((increase)) 6,374,891 (2019)<ref>((cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=RW&most_recent_value_desc=true |title=Labor force, total - Rwanda |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=5 November 2019 |archive-date=31 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731135148/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=RW&most_recent_value_desc=true |url-status=live ))</ref>
*((increase)) 48.3% employment rate (Q1, 2020)<ref name="LFSRW"/>))
| occupations = ((plainlist|
*[[Primary sector of the economy|agriculture]]: 75.3%
*[[Secondary sector of the economy|industry]]: 6.7%
*[[Tertiary sector of the economy|services]]: 18% (2012 est.)<ref name="CIAWFRW"/>))
| unemployment = ((decreasePositive)) 13.1% (Q1, 2020)<ref name="LFSRW">((cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.rw/publication/declining-trend-unemployment-rate |title=Declining trend in Unemployment rate |publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]] |website=statistics.gov.rw |access-date=12 June 2020 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020031746/http://statistics.gov.rw/publication/declining-trend-unemployment-rate |url-status=live ))</ref>
| edbr = ((decrease)) [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|38th (very easy, 2020)]]<ref name="World Bank and International Financial Corporation">((cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/rwanda |title=Ease of Doing Business in Rwanda |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |access-date=24 November 2017 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822173139/http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/rwanda |url-status=live ))</ref>
| industries = cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes
| exports = ((increase)) $1.05 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFRW"/>
| export-goods = coffee, tea, hides, tin ore
| export-partners = ((plainlist|
*((flag|UAE)) 38.3%
*((flag|Kenya)) 15.1%
*((flag|Switzerland)) 9.9%
*((flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo)) 9.5%
*((flag|US)) 4.9%
*((flag|Singapore)) 4.5% 
*(2017)<ref name="CIAWFRW"/>))
| imports = ((decrease)) $1.922 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFRW"/>
| import-goods = foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material
| import-partners = ((plainlist|
*((flag|China)) 20.4%
*((flag|Uganda)) 11%
*((flag|India)) 7.2%
*((flag|Kenya)) 7.1%
*((flag|Tanzania)) 5.3%
*((flag|UAE)) 5.1% 
*(2017)<ref name="CIAWFRW"/>))
| FDI = ((plainlist|
*((increase)) $2.378 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
*((increase)) Abroad: $113.2 million (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFRW"/>))
| gross external debt = ((increaseNegative)) $3.258 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFRW"/>
| current account = ((increase)) −$622 million (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFRW"/>
| debt = ((increaseNegative)) 40.5% of GDP (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFRW"/>
| revenue = 1.943 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFRW"/>
| expenses = 2.337 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFRW"/>
| balance = −4.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFRW"/>
| aid = ''recipient'': $285 Million (2015)
| reserves = ((decrease)) $997.6 million (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFRW"/>
| cianame = rwanda
| country = Rwanda
))

The '''economy of Rwanda''' has undergone rapid industrialisation due to a successful governmental policy. It has a mixed economy.<ref>((Cite web |title=Rwanda: Introduction |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/rwanda |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=globaledge.msu.edu |language=en-us |archive-date=2022-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704122925/https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/rwanda/ |url-status=live ))</ref> Since the early-2000s, [[Rwanda]] has witnessed an economic boom, which improved the living standards of many Rwandans. The Government's progressive visions have been the catalyst for the fast transforming economy. The President of Rwanda, [[Paul Kagame]], has noted his ambition to make Rwanda the "[[Singapore]] of [[Africa]]".<ref>((cite news| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-singapore-lee-africa/singapores-visionary-draws-followers-in-africa-idUKKBN0MK1OG20150324| title = Singapore's visionary draws followers in Africa| newspaper = Reuters| date = 24 March 2015| access-date = 4 January 2018| archive-date = 4 January 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180104192504/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-singapore-lee-africa/singapores-visionary-draws-followers-in-africa-idUKKBN0MK1OG20150324| url-status = live))</ref>

==History==
((see also|History of Rwanda))
[[File:GDP per capita development of Rwanda.png|thumb|Estimated development of real GDP per capita in Rwanda, since 1950]]

===Before the civil war and genocide===
In the 1960s and 1970s, Rwanda's prudent financial policies, coupled with generous external aid and relatively favorable terms of trade, resulted in sustained growth in per capita income and low inflation rates. However, when world coffee prices fell sharply in the 1980s, growth became erratic.

Compared to an annual GDP growth rate of 6.5% from 1973 to 1980, growth slowed to an average of 2.9% a year from 1980 through 1985 and was stagnant from 1986 to 1990. The crisis peaked in 1990 when the first measures of an IMF [[structural adjustment]] program were carried out. While the program was not fully implemented before the war, key measures such as two large devaluations and the removal of official prices were enacted. The consequences on salaries and purchasing power were rapid and dramatic. This crisis particularly affected the educated elite, most of whom were employed in civil service or state-owned enterprises.

During the 5 years of [[Rwandan Civil War|civil war]] that culminated in the 1994 genocide, GDP declined in 3 out of 5 years, posting a rapid decline at more than 40% in 1994, the year of the genocide. The 9% increase in real GDP for 1995, the first postwar year, signalled the resurgence of economic activity.

===After the genocide  ===

The [[Rwandan genocide|1994 genocide]] destroyed Rwanda's fragile economic base, severely impoverished the population, particularly women, and eroded the country's ability to attract private and external investment. However, Rwanda has made significant progress in stabilizing and rehabilitating its economy. In June 1998, Rwanda signed an [[Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility]] with the [[International Monetary Fund]]. Rwanda has also embarked upon an ambitious privatization program with the [[World Bank]].

In the immediate postwar period—mid-1994 through 1995—emergency humanitarian assistance of more than $307.4 million was largely directed to relief efforts in Rwanda and in the refugee camps in neighboring countries where Rwandans fled during the war. In 1996, humanitarian relief aid began to shift to reconstruction and [[development aid|development assistance]].

The [[United States]], [[Belgium]], [[Germany]], the [[Netherlands]], [[France]], the [[People's Republic of China]], the World Bank, the [[UN Development Programme]] and the [[European Development Fund]] will continue to account for the substantial aid. Rehabilitation of government infrastructure, in particular the justice system, was an international priority, as well as the continued repair and expansion of infrastructure, health facilities, and schools.

After the Rwandan Genocide, the Tutsi-led government began a major program to improve the country's economy and reduce its dependence on subsistence farming. The failing economy had been a major factor behind the genocide, as was overpopulation and the resulting competition for scarce farmland and other resources. The government focused primarily on building up its manufacturing and service industries and eliminating barriers to trade and development.

[[File:Voa murdock rwanda farming musangwa 300 oct2011.jpg|thumb|A coffee farmer in Rwanda.]]
The Government of Rwanda posted a 13% GDP growth rate in 1996 through improved collection of tax revenues, accelerated privatization of state enterprises to stop the drain on government resources, and continued improvement in export crop and food production. Tea plantations and factories continue to be rehabilitated, and coffee, always a smallholder's crop, is being more seriously rehabilitated and tended as the farmers' sense of security returns.

Coffee production of 14,578,560 tons in 2000 compares to a pre-civil war variation between 35,000 and 40,000 tons ((Citation needed|date=April 2014)). By 2002 tea became Rwanda's largest export, with export earnings from tea reaching US$18 million equating to 15,000 tons of dried tea. Rwanda's natural resources are limited. A small mineral industry provides about 5% of foreign exchange earnings. Concentrates exist of the heavy minerals [[cassiterite]] (a primary source of [[tin]]), and [[coltan]] (used to manufacture electronic capacitors, used in consumer electronics products such as [[Mobile phone|cell phone]]s, [[DVD player]]s, [[video game systems]] and [[Personal computer|computers]]).

By mid-1997, up to 75% of the factories functioning before the war had returned to production, at an average of 75% of their capacity. Investments in the industrial sector continue to mostly be limited to the repair of existing industrial plants. Retail trade, devastated by the war, has revived quickly, with many new small businesses established by Rwandan returnees from [[Uganda]], [[Burundi]], and the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].

Industry received little external assistance from the end of the war through 1995. Beginning in 1996–97, the government became increasingly active in helping the industrial sector to restore production through technical and financial assistance, including loan guarantees, economic liberalization, and the privatization of state-owned enterprises. In early 1998, the government set up a one-stop investment promotion center and implemented a new investment code that created an enabling environment for foreign and local investors. An autonomous revenue authority also has begun operation, improving collections and accountability.((cn|date=January 2024))

Cassiterite production peaked at 1,000 tonnes in 1990, but was under 700 tonnes in 2000. Recorded coltan production has soared from 147 tonnes in 1999 to 1,300 tonnes in 2001, and coltan was the country's biggest single export earner in 2001. At least part of the increase in production is because of new mines opening up in Rwanda. However it is true, as has frequently been observed, that the increase is also because of the fraudulent re-export of Congolese coltan. In addition to the well-publicised involvement in this trade of the Rwandan Defence Force (RDF), another important factor in the coltan re-export is that international dealers are under pressure not to buy from the DRC, thus increasing the incentive for DRC coltan to be re-exported as Rwanda's. Rwanda is also alleged to be trading in fraudulently exported gold and diamonds from the DRC.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/Rwanda/Economy.html |title=Rwanda - Economy |access-date=2011-05-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920145035/http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/Rwanda/Economy.html |archive-date=2011-09-20 ))</ref>

===Current economy and economic prospects===

The country entered a high period of [[economic growth]] in 2006, and the following year managed to register 8% economic growth, a record it has sustained since, turning it into one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa. This sustained economic growth has succeeded in reducing [[poverty]] and also reducing [[fertility rates]], with growth between 2006 and 2011 reducing the percentage of the country's population living in poverty from 57% to 45%.The country's infrastructure has also grown rapidly, with connections to electricity going from 91,000 in 2006 to 215,000 in 2011.<ref>((cite web| url = https://www.pri.org/stories/2012-04-01/economic-growth-pulls-rwandans-out-poverty| title = Economic growth pulls Rwandans out of poverty| access-date = 2021-07-21| archive-date = 2021-07-21| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210721100736/https://www.pri.org/stories/2012-04-01/economic-growth-pulls-rwandans-out-poverty| url-status = live))</ref> Rwanda wants to achieve [[Middle-income country|Middle Income Country]] status by 2035 and [[High-income country|High-Income Country]] status by 2050.<ref>((Cite web |date=April 17, 2022 |title=The World Bank in Rwanda |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/rwanda/overview |access-date=August 26, 2022 |website=Worldbank |archive-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828234831/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/rwanda/overview |url-status=live ))</ref>

Existing foreign investment is concentrated in commercial establishments, mining, tea, coffee, and tourism. Minimum wage and social security regulations are in force, and the four prewar independent trade unions are back in operation. The largest union, [[CESTRAR]], was created as an organ of the government but became fully independent with the political reforms introduced by the 1991 constitution.

In 2016, Rwanda was ranked 42nd and second best country in Africa to do business in the Mara Foundation-The Ashish J Thakkar Global Entrepreneurship Index report.<ref>((Cite news|url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2016-12-02/205881/|title=Supportive policies prop up Rwanda in inaugural global entrepreneurship index|access-date=2016-12-02|archive-date=2016-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202130413/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2016-12-02/205881/|url-status=live))</ref>

However, a recent research in the UK-based political science journal, ''[[Review of African Political Economy]]'', indicates that economic growth may be slower than what official figures suggest. Researchers stated that average consumption per household closely followed growth in GDP per capita from 2000 to 2005, but diverged afterwards when average consumption per household stagnated despite huge improvements in GDP per capita from 2005 to 2013.<ref>((cite web| url = https://qz.com/africa/1050158/rwandas-economic-growth-miracle-may-be-a-mirage/| title = Rwanda's growth miracle may be a mirage| date = 10 August 2017| access-date = 29 September 2018| archive-date = 18 January 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210118215703/https://qz.com/africa/1050158/rwandas-economic-growth-miracle-may-be-a-mirage/| url-status = live))</ref>

==Agriculture and primary resources==
((see also|Mining in Rwanda|Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources))

[[File:MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg|thumb|Coffee beans drying in [[Maraba coffee|Maraba]]. Coffee is one of Rwanda's major cash crops.|alt=Photograph of four drying racks containing white coloured unroasted coffee beans]]
[[File:Share_Of_Women_In_Agriculture,_Forestry_And_Fishing_Employment,_Top_Countries_(2021).svg|thumb|Rwanda has the tenth highest proportion of women working in agriculture, forestry and fishing in the world.]]
Rwanda produced in 2019:<ref name="Rwanda production in 2019, by FAO">((cite web| url = http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/| title = Rwanda production in 2019, by FAO| access-date = 2021-04-29| archive-date = 2018-10-30| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181030170521/http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/| url-status = live))</ref>

* 2.6 million tons of [[banana]];
* 1.2 million tonnes of [[sweet potato]];
* 1.1 million tons of [[cassava]];
* 973 thousand tons of [[potato]];
* 484 thousand tons of [[beans]];
* 421 thousand tons of [[maize]];
* 256 thousand tons of [[pumpkin]];
* 171 thousand tons of [[taro]];
* 159 thousand tons of [[sorghum]];
* 131 thousand tons of [[rice]];
* 114 thousand tons of [[sugarcane]];
* 105 thousand tons of [[tomato]];
* 36 thousand tons of [[pineapple]];
* 31 thousand tons of [[tea]];
* 29 thousand tons of [[coffee]];
* 5.4 thousand tons of [[tobacco]];

In addition to other productions of other agricultural products. Products such as bananas, pineapples, tea, coffee, and tobacco are high-value, export-oriented products.<ref name="Rwanda production in 2019, by FAO"/>

In 2019 agriculture accounted for 29% of the economy of Rwanda.<ref name="MINAGRI Annual Report 2018-2019">((cite web|url=http://www.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minagri/Publications/Annual_Reports/Annual_report_2019-20_FY_.pdf|title=Annual Report 2019–2020|access-date=2020-12-23|archive-date=2021-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324230501/https://www.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minagri/Publications/Annual_Reports/Annual_report_2019-20_FY_.pdf|url-status=live))</ref>

Rwanda has long relied on coffee as a cash crop. The crash of coffee prices in 1989 caused a great decrease in purchasing power, and increased domestic tensions.

Rwanda's economy suffered heavily during the 1994 Genocide, with widespread loss of life, failure to maintain the infrastructure, looting, and neglect of important cash crops. This caused a large drop in GDP and destroyed the country's ability to attract private and external investment.((sfn|CIA|2019)) The economy has since strengthened, with per-capita GDP ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]) estimated at [[Geary-Khamis dollar|$]]2,225 in 2018,((sfn|IMF|2019)) compared with $416 in 1994.((sfn|IMF|2019))
[[File:Tea field workers in rwanda.jpg|thumb|left|Tea field workers.]]
Major export markets include China, Germany, and the United States.((sfn|CIA|2019)) The economy is managed by the central [[National Bank of Rwanda]] and the currency is the [[Rwandan franc]]; in June 2010, the exchange rate was 588 francs to the United States dollar.((sfn|Namata|2010)) Rwanda joined the East African Community in 2007 and there were plans for a common [[East African shilling (new)|East African shilling]], which it had been hoped would be in place by 2015,((sfn|Lavelle|2008)) but have not yet reached fruition (2020).

Rwanda is a country of few natural resources,((sfn|Department of State (III)|2012)) and the economy is based mostly on [[subsistence agriculture]] by local farmers using simple tools.((sfn|FAO / WFP|1997)) An estimated 90% of the working population farms, and agriculture comprised an estimated 42.0% of GDP in 2010.((sfn|CIA|2019)) Since the mid-1980s, farm sizes and food production have been decreasing, due in part to the resettlement of displaced people.((sfn|WRI|2006))((sfn|Department of State (I)|2004)) Despite Rwanda's fertile ecosystem, food production often does not keep pace with population growth, and food imports are required.((sfn|CIA|2019))

Crops grown in the country include coffee, tea, [[pyrethrum]], bananas, beans, [[sorghum]] and potatoes. Coffee and tea are the major cash crops for export, with the high altitudes, steep slopes and volcanic soils providing favourable conditions. Reliance on agricultural exports makes Rwanda vulnerable to shifts in their prices.((sfn|WTO|2004))

Agricultural animals raised in Rwanda include cows, goats, sheep, pigs, chicken, and rabbits, with geographical variation in the numbers of each.((sfn|MINAGRI|2006)) Production systems are mostly traditional, although there are a few intensive dairy farms around Kigali.((sfn|MINAGRI|2006)) Shortages of land and water, insufficient and poor-quality feed, and regular disease epidemics with insufficient veterinary services are major constraints that restrict output. A "One Cow per Poor Family Programme" (Girinka), implemented in 2006, distributed 341,065 cows in 2018.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/97-needy-families-benefit-girinka-programme|title=97% of needy families benefit from 'Girinka' programme|last=Ntirenganya|first=Emmanuel|date=January 6, 2019|website=The New Times|access-date=February 20, 2019|archive-date=February 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221112107/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/97-needy-families-benefit-girinka-programme|url-status=live))</ref>

Fishing takes place on the country's lakes, but stocks are very depleted, and live fish are being imported in an attempt to revive the industry.((sfn|Namata|2008))

Rwanda's mining industry is an important contributor, generating US$93&nbsp;million in 2008.((sfn|Mukaaya|2009)) Minerals mined include [[cassiterite]], [[wolframite]], [[sapphire]]s, gold, and [[coltan]], which is used in the manufacture of electronic and communication devices such as mobile phones.((sfn|Mukaaya|2009))((sfn|Delawala|2001))
Production of [[methane]] from [[Lake Kivu]] began in 1983, but to date has been used only by the [[Bralirwa Brewery]].

In 2019, the country was the 7th largest world producer of [[tungsten]]<ref>((cite web| url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tungsten.pdf| title = USGS Tungsten Production Statistics| access-date = 2021-04-29| archive-date = 2021-07-05| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210705141418/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tungsten.pdf| url-status = live))</ref> and the 12th largest world producer of [[tin]].<ref>((cite web| url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tin.pdf| title = USGS Tin Production Statistics| access-date = 2021-04-29| archive-date = 2021-08-13| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210813153917/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tin.pdf| url-status = live))</ref>

== Energy and electrification ==
((See also|List of power stations in Rwanda |Energy in Rwanda ))

Rwanda has made tremendous strides in improving electrification in the 21st century. A great number of new areas has become electrified through an expansion of infrastructure.

Depletion of the forests will eventually pressure Rwandans to turn to fuel sources other than [[charcoal]] for cooking and heating. Given the abundance of mountain streams and lakes, the potential for [[hydroelectric power]] is substantial. Rwanda is exploiting these natural resources through joint hydroelectric projects with Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

== Industry ==

The industrial sector is growing, contributing 16% of GDP in 2012.<ref name="MINAGRI Annual Report 2018-2019" />

Rwanda's manufacturing sector is dominated by the production of import substitutes for internal consumption. The larger enterprises produce beer, soft drinks, cigarettes, hoes, wheelbarrows, soap,  mattresses, plastic pipe, roofing materials, and bottled water.<ref>((Cite web |title=Latest Global Tenders and Bids |url=https://www.globaltenders.com/ |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=Global Tenders |language=en |archive-date=2022-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401092904/https://www.globaltenders.com/ |url-status=live ))</ref> Other products manufactured include agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, cement, plastic goods, textiles and cigarettes.((sfn|CIA|2019|p=))

== Tourism and services ==
((see also |Tourism in Rwanda))
[[File:Gorilla mother and baby at Volcans National Park.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Mountain gorilla]]s in [[Volcanoes National Park]].|alt=Photograph depicting female adult gorilla with a baby on her shoulders, surrounded by green foliage]]

Rwanda's [[service sector]] suffered during the [[late-2000s recession]] as banks reduced lending and foreign aid projects and investment were reduced.((sfn|Nantaba|2010)) The sector rebounded in 2010, becoming the country's largest sector by economic output and contributing 43.6% of the country's GDP.((sfn|CIA|2019)) Key tertiary contributors include banking and finance, wholesale and retail trade, hotels and restaurants, transport, storage, communication, insurance, real estate, business services and public administration including education and health.((sfn|Nantaba|2010))

[[Tourism in Rwanda|Tourism]] is one of the fastest-growing economic resources and became the country's leading foreign exchange earner in 2011.((sfn|Birakwate|2012)) In spite of the genocide's legacy, the country is increasingly perceived internationally as a safe destination;((sfn|Nielsen|Spenceley|2010|p=6)) The Directorate of Immigration and Emigration recorded 405,801 people visiting the country between January and June 2011; 16% of these arrived from outside Africa.((sfn|RDB (III)|2011)) Revenue from tourism was US$115,600,000 between January and June 2011; holidaymakers contributed 43% of this revenue, despite being only 9% of the numbers.((sfn|RDB (III)|2011))

Rwanda is one of only two countries in which [[mountain gorilla]]s can be visited safely; gorilla tracking in the Volcanoes National Park attracts thousands of visitors per year, who are prepared to pay high prices for permits.((sfn|Nielsen|Spenceley|2010|p=2)) Other attractions include: Nyungwe Forest, home to chimpanzees, Ruwenzori colobus and other primates, the resorts of Lake Kivu, and Akagera, a small [[savanna reserve]] in the east of the country.((sfn|RDB (IV)))

Rwanda's tourism is centred on the attractions of [[Volcanoes National Park]] (PNV) with its six [[volcano]]es and the protected population of [[mountain gorilla]]s made famous by [[Dian Fossey]]. Additionally, tourism is drawn to central Africa's largest protected wetland [[Akagera National Park]], with its populations of [[hippopotamus|hippopotami]], [[cape buffalo]], [[zebra]]s, [[elephant]]s, [[Taurotragus|elands]], and other big game animals. [[Birdwatching]]-related tourism has a potential to develop as well, especially in [[Nyungwe National Park]], among the largest uncut forest reserves in Africa. Nyungwe National Park is home to over 300 species of birds. And a vast variety of wild life as well.

Several memorial sites associated with the [[Rwandan genocide]] have begun to generate significant [[dark tourism]]. For example, the Gisozi Genocide Memorial Site in the [[Gasabo District]] of Kigali—the burial place of approximately 300,000 victims of the genocide—has a related genocide exhibition area and library and has plans to develop a teaching centre on the history of the genocide. Another major genocide-related memorial centre attracting tourists is the Murambi Genocide Memorial Site housed in the former [[Murambi Technical School]] where 45,000 people were murdered and 850 skeletons and mummified remains of the victims are on display.

Two other major memorial sites associated with the genocide are in [[Kicukiro District]]: Rebero Genocide Memorial Site where 14,400 victims are buried and the Nyanza-Kicukiro Genocide Memorial Site where 5,000 victims were killed after [[Belgium|Belgian]] soldiers who serving in the [[United Nations]] peacekeeping forces abandoned them. In [[Kibungo Province]], the site of the [[Nyarubuye Massacre]] is home to the Nyarubuye Genocide Memorial Site where an estimated 20,000 victims were killed after seeking refuge in the [[Roman Catholic]] church and homes of the nuns and priest there.

== Historical statistics ==
The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2017.<ref>((cite web|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=36&pr.y=13&sy=1980&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=714&s=NGDP_RPCH,PPPGDP,PPPPC,PCPIPCH,GGXWDG_NGDP&grp=0&a=|access-date=2018-09-07|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730225724/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=36&pr.y=13&sy=1980&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=714&s=NGDP_RPCH,PPPGDP,PPPPC,PCPIPCH,GGXWDG_NGDP&grp=0&a=|url-status=live))</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! Year
! GDP
(in bil. US$ PPP)
! GDP per capita
(in US$ PPP)
!GDP
(in bil. US$ nominal)
! GDP growth<br />(real)
! Inflation<br />(in Percent)
! Government debt<br />(Percentage of GDP)
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 1980
| 2.11
| 453
|1.49
| −3.6 %
| 7.2 %
| ...
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 1985
| 3.66
| 643
|2.20
| 5.5 %
| −1.1 %
| ...
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 1990
| 3.96
| 614
|2.95
| 0.4 %
| 4.2 %
| ...
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 1995
| 2.96
| 541
|1.47
| 24.5 %
| 56.0 %
| 120 %
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2000
| 5.00
| 667
|2.05
| 8.4 %
| 3.9 %
| 103 %
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2005
| 8.28
| 938
|2.94
| 9.4 %
| 9.1 %
| 67 %
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2006
| 9.32
| 1,036
|3.32
| 9.2 %
| 8.8 %
| 24 %
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2007
| 10.30
| 1,120
|4.07
| 7.6 %
| 9.1 %
| 24 %
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2008
| 11.68
| 1,229
|5.18
| 11.2 %
| 15.4 %
| 19 %
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2009
| 12.50
| 1,289
|5.68
| 6.3 %
| 10.3 %
| 20 %
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2010
| 13.58
| 1,358
|6.12
| 7.3 %
| 2.3 %
| 20 %
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2011
| 14.94
| 1,465
|6.89
| 7.8 %
| 5.7 %
| 20 %
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2012
| 16.56
| 1,577
|7.65
| 8.8 %
| 6.3 %
| 20 %
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2013
| 17.62
| 1,640
|7.82
| 4.7 %
| 4.2 %
| 27 %
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2014
| 19.30
| 1,754
|8.24
| 7.6 %
| 1.8 %
| 29 %
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2015
| 21.24
| 1,884
|8.55
| 8.9 %
| 2.5 %
| 33 %
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2016
| 22.80
| 1,973
|8.70
| 6.0 %
| 5.7 %
| 37 %
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2017
| 24.62
| 2,080
|9.25
| 6.1 %
| 4.8 %
| 41 %
|}


==See also==
* [[Rwanda]]
* [[Energy in Rwanda]]
* [[Telecommunications in Rwanda]]
* [[Transport in Rwanda]]
* [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa]]

'''General:'''
* [[Economy of Africa]]

==References==
((Reflist|30em))

===Works cited===
((refbegin|2))
* ((cite news |last=Birakwate |first=Bruno |date=2012-03-26 |title=Google Maps to promote Rwanda's tourism |work=Rwanda Focus |url=http://focus.rw/wp/2012/03/google-maps-to-promote-rwandas-tourism/ |accessdate=2012-04-03 |archive-date=2013-04-18 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130418052607/http://focus.rw/wp/2012/03/google-maps-to-promote-rwandas-tourism/ |url-status=dead ))
* ((cite news |last=Delawala |first=Imtiyaz |date=7 September 2001 |title=What Is Coltan? |work=[[ABC News]] |location=New York, N.Y. |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/story?id=128631&page=1 |access-date=12 November 2015 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208153446/http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/story?id=128631&page=1 |url-status=live ))
* ((cite web |author=Department of State |year=2004 |title=Background Note: Rwanda |work=Background Notes |authorlink=United States Department of State |url=http://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/rwanda/40249.htm |accessdate=2012-02-16 |ref=((sfnRef|Department of State (I)|2004)) |archive-date=2014-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114124207/http://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/rwanda/40249.htm |url-status=live ))
* ((cite web |author=Department of State |year=2012 |title=Background Note: Rwanda |work=Background Notes |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2861.htm |accessdate=2012-02-16 |ref=((sfnRef|Department of State (III)|2012)) |archive-date=2014-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412174137/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2861.htm |url-status=live ))
* ((cite web |author=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] / [[World Food Programme]] (FAO / WFP) |date=1 July 1997 |title=Special Report: FAO/WFP Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission to Rwanda |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/w5836e/w5836e00.htm |access-date=13 November 2015 |ref=((sfnRef|FAO / WFP|1997)) |archive-date=2 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002010045/http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/w5836e/w5836e00.htm |url-status=live ))
* ((cite news |last=Lavelle |first=John |date=5 July 2008 |title=Resurrecting the East African Shilling |work=[[East African Business Week]] |location=Kampala |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200807071183.html |access-date=13 November 2015 |archive-date=7 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007163057/http://allafrica.com/stories/200807071183.html |url-status=live ))
* ((cite web |author=Ministry of Agriculture (MINAGRI), Republic of Rwanda |date=10 June 2006 |title=Livestock production |url=http://www.minagri.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=156%3Alivestock&Itemid=48&lang=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323131055/http://www.minagri.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=156%3Alivestock&Itemid=48&lang=en |archive-date=23 March 2012 |access-date=13 November 2015 |ref=((sfnRef|MINAGRI|2006)) |url-status=dead ))
* ((cite news |last=Mukaaya |first=Eddie |date=15 January 2009 |title=Mining industry generated $93&nbsp;million in 2008 |work=The New Times |location=Kigali |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2009-01-14/6692/ |access-date=12 November 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052150/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2009-01-14/6692/ |url-status=live ))
* ((cite news |last=Namata |first=Berna |date=28 December 2008 |title=Rwanda to restock water bodies with fisheries |work=The New Times |location=Kigali |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2008-11-02/100564/ |access-date=16 November 2015 |archive-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010200733/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2008-11-02/100564/ |url-status=live ))
* ((cite news |last=Namata |first=Berna |date=2010-08-03 |title=Franc Weakens Against the U.S. Dollar |publisher=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |url=http://newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=14104&a=32055 |accessdate=2012-02-16 |archive-date=2013-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107074252/http://newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=14104&a=32055 |url-status=dead ))
* ((cite news |last=Nantaba |first=Eriosi |date=18 October 2010 |title=Rwanda services sector boosts GDP |work=East African Business Week |location=Kampala |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201010181360.html |access-date=16 November 2015 |archive-date=19 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019130336/http://allafrica.com/stories/201010181360.html |url-status=live ))
* ((cite web |last1=Nielsen |first1=Hannah |last2=Spenceley |first2=Anna |date=April 2010 |title=The success of tourism in Rwanda&nbsp;– Gorillas and more |work=African Success Stories Study |publisher=[[World Bank]] & [[SNV Netherlands Development Organisation]] |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/AFRICAEXT/Resources/258643-1271798012256/Tourism_Rwanda.pdf |access-date=16 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320185656/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/AFRICAEXT/Resources/258643-1271798012256/Tourism_Rwanda.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2014 |url-status=dead ))
* ((cite web |author=Rwanda Development Board (RDB) (III) |year=2011 |title=Highlights of Tourist Arrivals in Rwanda January–June 2011 |url=http://www.rdb.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Documents/tourism%20conservation/Arrival_Statistics_2011_1st_semester__version_2_.pdf |accessdate=2012-03-16 |ref=((sfnRef|RDB (III)|2011)) |archive-date=2014-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320185756/http://www.rdb.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Documents/tourism%20conservation/Arrival_Statistics_2011_1st_semester__version_2_.pdf |url-status=live ))
* ((cite web |author=Rwanda Development Board (RDB) (IV) |title=National Parks |url=http://www.rwandatourism.com/parks.htm |accessdate=2012-03-01 |ref=((sfnRef|RDB (IV))) |archive-date=2012-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511234019/http://www.rwandatourism.com/parks.htm |url-status=dead ))
* ((cite web |author=World Resources Institute (WRI) |year=2006 |title=Agriculture and Food: Country profile&nbsp;– Rwanda |work=EarthTrends: The Environmental Information Portal |author-link=World Resources Institute |url=http://earthtrends.wri.org/text/agriculture-food/country-profile-153.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402134313/http://earthtrends.wri.org/text/agriculture-food/country-profile-153.html |archive-date=2 April 2012 |access-date=16 November 2015 |ref=((sfnRef|WRI|2006)) ))
* ((cite web |author=World Trade Organization (WTO) |date=30 September 2004 |title=Continued reforms and technical assistance should help Rwanda in its efforts to achieve a dynamic economy |work=Trade policy review: Rwanda |author-link=World Trade Organization |url=http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp236_e.htm |access-date=16 November 2015 |ref=((sfnRef|WTO|2004)) |archive-date=2 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002011128/http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp236_e.htm |url-status=live ))
((refend))

==External links==
* ((curlie|Regional/Africa/Rwanda/Business_and_Economy/Economic_Development))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070901213134/http://www.pulitzercenter.org/openitem.cfm?id=215 Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting] Rwanda Human Conflict and Environmental Consequences (Video)
* [http://www.trademap.org/open_access/Index.aspx?proceed=true&reporter=646 Rwanda latest trade data on ITC Trade Map]
* [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/RWA/Year/2012/Summary World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Rwanda]
* ((cite journal |last1=Dawson |first1=Neil M. |title=Leaving no-one behind? Social inequalities and contrasting development impacts in rural Rwanda |journal=Development Studies Research |date=2018 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1080/21665095.2018.1441039|doi-access=free ))
((Rwanda topics))
((Africa in topic|Economy of))
((World Trade Organization))

[[Category:Economy of Rwanda| ]]
[[Category:African Union member economies|Rwanda]]
[[Category:World Trade Organization member economies|Rwanda]]
* [https://discover.rw/visit-rwanda/ Visit Rwanda]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Economy of Rwanda (edit)
Geography of Rwanda (edit)
History of Rwanda (edit)
Index of Rwanda-related articles (edit)
Outline of Rwanda (edit)
Politics of Rwanda (edit)
Rwanda (edit)
Template:Africa in topic (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Africa topic (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Bulleted list (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite news (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Cn (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Color (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data China (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Democratic Republic of the Congo (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data India (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Kenya (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Singapore (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Switzerland (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Tanzania (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data UAE (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data US (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Uganda (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data United Arab Emirates (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data United States (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country topics (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Curlie (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Decrease (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:DecreasePositive (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Flag (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Flag/core (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:If empty (view source) (protected)
Template:Increase (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:IncreaseNegative (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox economy (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Longitem (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nobold (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nobold/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nowrap (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Plainlist (view source) (protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Portal-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Refbegin (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Refbegin/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Refend (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Rwanda topics (edit)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:See also (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sfn (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:SfnRef (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Small (view source) (protected)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:World Trade Organization (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Wrap (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/anchor id list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/anchor id list/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/whitelist (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Labelled list hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:List (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/w (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Redirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Economy of Rwanda.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Rwanda"