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((Short description|American electric blues musician))
((for|the Christian musician|Eddie Kirkland (Christian musician)))
((More citations needed|date=November 2016))
((Use mdy dates|date=January 2023))
((Infobox musical artist
| name         =
| image        = eddie kirkland hires1.jpg
| image_size   =
| caption      = Kirkland performing in 2002
| birth_date   = ((birth date|1923|08|16))
| birth_place  = [[Kingston, Jamaica]]
| death_date   = ((Death date and age|2011|02|27|1923|08|16))
| death_place  = [[Crystal River, Florida]], United States
| alias        = Eddie Kirk
| occupation   = Musician, singer, songwriter
| years_active = 1949–2011
| genre        = [[Blues]], [[Soul music|soul]]
| label        = [[RPM Records (United States)|RPM Records]], [[Fortune Records]], [[Volt Records]], and [[King Records (USA)|King Records]]
))

'''Eddie Kirkland''' (August 16, 1923<ref name="Eddie Kirkland"/><ref>There are conflicting dates of birth given for Kirkland.  Most sources cite August 16, 1923, but some state the year as 1928.  One source also quotes Dothan, Alabama, as his birthplace.</ref> – February 27, 2011)<ref name="Beau"/> was an American [[electric blues]]<ref name="Music">((cite book
| first= Paul
| last= Du Noyer
| year= 2003
| title= The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music
| edition= 1st
| publisher= Flame Tree Publishing 
| location= Fulham, London
| isbn= 1-904041-96-5
| page= 181))</ref> guitarist, [[harmonicist]], singer, and songwriter.

Kirkland, known as the "Gypsy of the Blues" for his rigorous touring schedules, played and toured with [[John Lee Hooker]] from 1949 to 1962. After his period of working in tandem with Hooker he pursued a successful solo career, recording for [[RPM Records (United States)|RPM Records]], [[Fortune Records]], [[Volt Records]], and [[King Records (USA)|King Records]], sometimes under the stage name '''Eddie Kirk'''. Kirkland continued to tour, write and record albums until his death in February 2011. His last performance, the night before his death, was at [[Dunedin Brewery]], Florida.

==Biography==
Kirkland was born in [[Kingston, Jamaica]]<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/apr/21/eddie-kirkland-obituary |title=Eddie Kirkland obituary|first=Tony|last=Russell|date=April 21, 2011|website=Theguardian.com|access-date=December 23, 2017))</ref> to a mother, aged 11 (Kirkland was raised believing his mother was his sister and he was in his early twenties when the truth was revealed to him by his mother), and first heard the blues from "field hollers",<ref name="Eddie Kirkland">((cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/music-obituaries/8369382/Eddie-Kirkland.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Eddie Kirkland | date=March 8, 2011))</ref> and raised in [[Dothan, Alabama]] until 1935,<ref name="russell">((cite book|first=Tony|last=Russell|year=1997|title=The Blues – From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray|publisher=Carlton Books Limited|location=Dubai|page=132|isbn=1-85868-255-X))</ref> when he stowed away in the Sugar Girls Medicine Show tent truck and left town. [[Blind Blake]] was the one who influenced him the most in those early days.<ref>Tom Yearshaw, "Eddie Kirkland...after the Festival". Original Blues Festival Guide: 2004. p. 58</ref> He was placed on the chorus line with "Diamond Tooth Mary" McLean. When the show closed a year later, he was in [[Dunkirk, Indiana]] where he briefly returned to school.

He joined the [[United States Army]] during [[World War II]]. It was racism in the military, he said, that led him to seek out the devil.<ref>Jim O'Neal, "Dealing with the Devil at the Crossroads," Living Blues: Issue #183, Vol.37. #2, p. 104</ref> After his discharge Kirkland traveled to Detroit where his mother had relocated. After a day's work at the Ford Rouge Plant, Kirkland played his guitar at house parties, and there he met [[John Lee Hooker]]. Kirkland, a frequent second guitarist in recordings from 1949–1962. "It was difficult playin' behind Hooker but I had a good ear and was able to move in behind him on anything he did."<ref>Steve Gronda, transcribed and edited by Bez Turner, "Eddie Kirkland, Detroit was flooded with the Blues". [[Juke Blues]]: Issue #4 Spring 1986.</ref>

Kirkland fashioned his own style of playing open chords, and transformed the rough, porch style [[delta blues]] into the electric age by using his thumb, rather than a [[guitar pick]].((Citation needed|date=November 2016)) He secured his own series of recordings with Sid Nathan of [[King Records (USA)|King Records]] in 1953, at [[Fortune Records]] in 1958 and, by 1961, on his own album ''It's the Blues Man'', with the [[King Curtis]] Band<ref name="russell"/> for Prestige Records.

He wrote and recorded "[[I Must Have Done Somebody Wrong]]" for Fortune in 1959. As "Done Somebody Wrong", it was substantially appropriated without credit by [[Elmore James]] in 1960,<ref>((cite book| last = Franz| first = Steve| title = The Amazing Secret History of Elmore James| publisher = BlueSource Publications | location=St. Louis | year = 2003| isbn = 978-0-9718038-1-7
| url-access = <!--registration-->| url = https://archive.org/details/amazingsecrethis00fran | pages=108&ndash;111)) (While self-published, the book has been very favorably reviewed in an academic journal article – see ((cite journal | author-last=Komara | author-first= Edward M. | title=Review of The Amazing Secret History of Elmore James | journal=[[Notes (journal)|Notes]] | volume= 60 | number= 3 | year=2004 | pages= 688–690 | doi=10.1353/not.2004.0024| s2cid= 192601562 )) – and has been used and cited by many books and reference volumes.)</ref> and is most well known for a 1971 interpretation by [[The Allman Brothers Band]].<ref>((cite news | url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rock/the-allman-brothers-band-best-blues-covers-7809635/ | title=7 Great Blues Songs the Allman Brothers Made Their Own | author-first=Dan | author-last=Rys | magazine=Billboard | date=May 28, 2017 ))</ref> Kirkland remained aggrieved about the matter, saying in 1984, "[I wrote] 'Must Have Done Somebody Wrong,' which Elmore James stole from me and the Allman Brothers performed."<ref name="bg-1984">((cite news | author-last=Morse | author-first=Steve.| title=Eddie Kirkland Plays 'Rock 'N' Roll Soul' | newspaper=The Boston Globe | date= November 24, 1984 | url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/294208761 | page=10 | id=((ProQuest|294208761))| via=ProQuest ))</ref>

Kirkland became Hooker's [[road manager]] and the two traveled from Detroit to the [[Deep South]] on many tours, the last being in 1962 when Hooker abandoned Kirkland to go overseas. Kirkland found his way to [[Macon, Georgia]] and began performing with [[Otis Redding]] as his guitarist and band leader.<ref name="russell"/> As Eddie Kirk, he released "The Hawg" as a single on [[Volt Records]] in 1963.<ref>((cite web|author=Bill Dahl |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/eddie-kirkland-mn0000165317/biography |title=Eddie Kirkland &#124; Biography & History |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=November 5, 2016))</ref> The record was overshadowed by [[Rufus Thomas]]'s recordings, and Kirkland, discouraged by the music industry and his own lack of education to change the situation, turned to his other skill and sought work as an [[auto mechanic]] to earn a living for his growing family.((Citation needed|date=March 2011))

In 1970, one of the revivals of the blues was taking place. [[Peter B. Lowry]] found Kirkland in Macon and convinced him to record again. His first sessions were done in a motel room, resulting in the [[acoustic music|acoustic]], solo LP ''Front and Center''; his second was a studio-recorded band album, ''The Devil and Other Blues Demons''. Both were released on Lowry's [[Trix Records]] label. It was during the mid-1970s that Kirkland befriended the British blues-rock band, [[Foghat]].<ref>Santelli, Robert (1993). The Big Book of Blues: a biographical encyclopedia. Penguin Books. 0-14-01-5939-8</ref> Kirkland remained with Lowry, Trix, and was based in the [[Hudson Valley]] for twelve years. It was during this period that Kirkland appeared on [[Don Kirshner's Rock Concert]] with [[Muddy Waters]], [[Honeyboy Edwards]], and Foghat. "Eddie's thumb pick and fingers style give him freedom to play powerful chord riffs rich in rhythms and harmonic tension. He plays like a funky pianist, simultaneously covering bass lines, chord kick, and counterpoint."<ref>Chris McDermott, "Eddie Kirkland", ''Guitar Player'', January 1994. p.29</ref>

In 1973, Kirkland performed at the [[Ann Arbor Blues and Jazz Festival]]. [[John Sinclair (poet)|John Sinclair]] decided that they should salute Detroit blues musicians and had them play on the Saturday afternoon; these included [[Bobo Jenkins]], [[Baby Boy Warren]], [[One String Sam]], [[Little Junior Cannaday]], and [[Boogie Woogie Red]].
[[File:Eddie Kirkland NDBF 1984 JT.jpg|alt=Eddie Kirkland, National Downhome Blues Festival, Atlanta, Georgia, 1984. Photo by Jeff Titon.|thumb|Eddie Kirkland, Atlanta, 1984.]]
The 1990s brought Randy Labbe as manager, booking agent and on his own [[record label]], Deluge, who recorded Kirkland. Three albums were produced during this Maine period, which included Gregg Hoover on guitar, James Thacker on bass, and Darren Thiboutot on drums.<ref>((cite web|author=Darren Thiboutot |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/darren-thiboutot-mn0000671203 |title=Darren Thiboutot &#124; Songs |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=November 5, 2016))</ref> [[Darren Thiboutot Jr.]], son of Darren Thiboutot sat in with the band at The Venue in [[Portland, Maine]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.pressherald.com/2016/06/11/darren-thiboutot-cheverus-high-school/ |title=Darren Thiboutot, Cheverus High School - The Portland Press Herald / Maine Sunday Telegram |website=Pressherald.com |date=June 12, 2016 |access-date=November 5, 2016))</ref> One live, one with a guest appearance from Hooker and one containing a [[duet (music)|duet]] with Christine Ohlman. By 2000, Kirkland was on his own again, always doing his own driving to concerts in his [[Ford Country Squire]], crossing the country several times a year. Labeled now as the Road Warrior, "A thickset, powerful man in the waistcoat and pants of a pin strip suit; red shirt, medallion, shades and a black leather cap over a bandanna, his heavy leather overcoat slung over his arm,.... he's already a Road Warrior par excellence."<ref>Murray, Charles Shaar, (2000) ''Boogie Man : the adventures of John Lee Hooker in the American Twentieth Century''. [[St. Martin's Press]]; 0-312-26563-8</ref>

Kirkland contributed two songs to long'time friends [[Foghat]]'s album ''[[Last Train Home (album)|Last Train Home]]'' in 2010.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/last-train-home-mw0001996414|title=Last Train Home - Foghat - Songs, Reviews, Credits - AllMusic|website=AllMusic|access-date=November 29, 2018))</ref>

Well into his eighties, Kirkland continued to drive himself to gigs along the coast and in Europe, frequently playing with the ((ill|Wentus Blues Band|fi)) from [[Finland]].

A documentary short entitled ''Pick Up the Pieces'' was made about a year in Kirkland's life (2010).

==Death==
Kirkland's last performance, the night before his death, was at [[Dunedin Brewery]].((citation needed|date=December 2017))

He died in a car accident on February 27, 2011, in [[Crystal River, Florida]]. At approximately 8:30&nbsp;a.m. a bus hit Kirkland's car, a 1998 [[Ford Taurus]] wagon. Reportedly Kirkland attempted to make a U-turn on [[U.S. 98]] and Oak Park Boulevard, putting him directly in the path of a Greyhound bus. The bus struck the vehicle on the right side and pushed it approximately 200 feet from the point of impact.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.myfoxtampabay.com/dpp/news/local/nature_coast/citrus_bus_crash022711 |title=Tampa Bay news, weather forecast, radar, and sports from WTVT-TV - FOX 13 News &#124; FOX 13 Tampa Bay |website=Myfoxtampabay.com |access-date=November 5, 2016))</ref> Kirkland suffered serious injuries and was transported by [[helicopter]] to [[Tampa General Hospital]], where he died a short time later. The bus driver and 13 passengers on the bus were not hurt.<ref name="Beau">((cite news| url = http://www.wtsp.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=177541&catid=19 | title = Blues guitar legend Eddie Kirkland "Gypsy of the Blues" killed in Citrus County bus crash | date = March 1, 2011 | access-date = February 26, 2013 | first = Beau | last = Zimmer | publisher = [[WTSP]]))</ref>

==Family==
Eddie Kirkland is the great-grandfather of TV personality Elie Kirkland and Grandfather of Eddie Kirkland Jr. , Nancy Pleas, Tiren Pleas Jr & Tirese Pleas. Kirkland was survived by his wife, Mary, and nine children.<ref name="Eddie Kirkland"/> He was predeceased by one child Betty, and his first wife Ida.

==Discography==
===Singles===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Title || Record label || Credited to
|-
| 1952 || "It's Time for Lovin' to be Done" ||  style="text-align:center;"| [[RPM Records (United States)|RPM Records]]  || style="text-align:center;"| Little Eddie Kirkland
|-
| 1953 || "Please Don't Think I'm Nosey" ||  style="text-align:center;"| [[King Records (United States)|King Records]] || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1953 || "No Shoes" ||  style="text-align:center;"| King Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1959 || "I Need You Baby"/"[[I Must Have Done Somebody Wrong]]" ||  style="text-align:center;"| Fortune Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1961 || "Train Done Gone" ||  style="text-align:center;"| Lu Pine Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1963 || "Them Bones" ||  style="text-align:center;"| Volt Records || style="text-align:center;"| Eddie Kirk
|-
| 1963 || "The Hawg" ||  style="text-align:center;"| Volt Records || style="text-align:center;"| Eddie Kirk
|-
| 1964 || "Let Me Walk With You" ||  style="text-align:center;"| King Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1964 || "Monkey Tonight" ||  style="text-align:center;"| King Records || style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| 1964 || "Hog Killin' Time" ||  style="text-align:center;"| King Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1964 || "Have Mercy on Me" ||  style="text-align:center;"| [[Prestige Records]] || style="text-align:center;"| Eddie 'Bluesman' Kirkland
|-
| 1964 || "Every Hour, Every Minute" ||  style="text-align:center;"| Hi Q Records || style="text-align:center;"|  
|-
| 1970 || "Lonesome Talkin' Blues" ||  style="text-align:center;"| [[Trix Records]] || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1983 || "Disco Mary" ||  style="text-align:center;"| Sunland Records || style="text-align:center;"| Eddie 'Bluesman' Kirkland  
|}<ref name="discogs.com">((cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/839386-Eddie-Kirkland|title=Eddie Kirkland|website=Discogs|access-date=November 29, 2018))</ref><ref name="soulfulkindamusic.net">((cite web|url=http://www.soulfulkindamusic.net/ekirkland.htm|title=Eddie Kirkland|website=Soulfulkindamusic.net|access-date=November 29, 2018))</ref>

===Albums===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Title || Record label || Notes
|-
| 1962 || ''It's the Blues Man!'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| Tru-Sound Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1965 || ''Dem Bones'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| [[Stax Records|Volt Records]] || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1965 || ''I Found a New Love'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| Volt Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1972 || ''Front and Center'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| Trix Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1974 || ''The Devil and Other Blues Demons'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| Trix Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1981 || ''Pick Up The Pieces'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| [[JSP Records]] || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1988 || ''Have Mercy'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| Pulsar Records || style="text-align:center;"| Reissued by [[Evidence Records]]
|-
| 1992 || ''All Around the World'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| Deluge Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1993 || ''Some Like It Raw'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| Deluge Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1995 || ''Where You Get Your Sugar?'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| Deluge Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1997 || ''Lonely Street'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| [[Telarc International Corporation|Telarc Records]] || style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| 1999 || ''Movin' On'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| [[JSP Records]] || style="text-align:center;"| with the Nutmeg Horns 
|-
| 1998 || ''Hastings Street Grease, Vol 1'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| Blue Suit Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1999 || ''The Complete Trix Recordings'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| 32 Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 1999 || ''Hastings Street Grease, Vol 2'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| Blue Suit Records || style="text-align:center;"|  
|-
| 2004 || ''Democrat Blues'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| Blue Suit Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 2005 || ''Way It Was'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| Red Lightnin' Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Booty Blues]]'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| Hedda Records || style="text-align:center;"| 
|-
| 2010 || ''Last Train Home'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| [[Foghat Records]] || style="text-align:center;"| with Foghat  
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Long Gone Gypsy]]'' ||  style="text-align:center;"| Backyard Records || 
|}<ref name="discogs.com"/><ref name="soulfulkindamusic.net"/><ref>((cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/eddie-kirkland-mn0000165317/discography|title=Eddie Kirkland - Album Discography - AllMusic|website=AllMusic|access-date=November 29, 2018))</ref>
'''With [[John Lee Hooker]]'''
*''[[House of the Blues]]'' (Chess, 1951–52, [1959])
*''[[John Lee Hooker Plays & Sings the Blues]]'' (Chess, 1961, [1961])
*''[[Don't Turn Me from Your Door]]'' (Atco, 1953, [1963])
*''[[Folk Blues (album)|Folk Blues]]'' (Crown, 1951–54, [1962])
*''[[Goin' Down Highway 51]]'' (Specialty, 1948–51, [1971])

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
* [http://www.eddiekirkland.com/ Official website]

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Kirkland, Eddie))
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Dothan, Alabama]]
[[Category:American blues guitarists]]
[[Category:American male guitarists]]
[[Category:Soul-blues musicians]]
[[Category:King Records artists]]
[[Category:Jamaican guitarists]]
[[Category:Road incident deaths in Florida]]
[[Category:Guitarists from Alabama]]
[[Category:20th-century American guitarists]]
[[Category:20th-century American male musicians]]
[[Category:Southland Records artists]]

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Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Redirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Separated entries (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wd (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wd/i18n (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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