Edward Freeborough
Full nameEdward Freeborough
CountryEngland
Born(1830-08-18)18 August 1830
Hull, England
Died14 September 1896(1896-09-14) (aged 66)
Hull, England

Edward Freeborough (18 August 1830 – 14 September 1896)[1] was the co-author, with Charles Ranken, of Chess Openings Ancient and Modern (1889), one of the first important opening treatises in the English language and a precursor of Modern Chess Openings.[2] He was a member of the editorial staff of the British Chess Magazine from 1883 until his death in 1896.[3] He also wrote the books Chess Endings (1891, 1896) and Select Chess End-Games from Actual Play (1895, 1899), and edited the book Analysis of the Chess Ending, King and Queen Against King and Rook by "Euclid" (a pseudonym for A. Crosskill) (1895).[4]

Freeborough had just completed the third edition of Chess Openings Ancient and Modern and transmitted the final version to the publisher "when he was struck down by a sudden and mortal illness".[5]

Legacy book

Chess Openings Ancient and Modern, first (1889) and third (1896) editions

The first edition of the book was published in 1889. Later editions were published in 1893, 1896, and 1910.[6][7] It was one of the first opening books written in columnar form: columns of move-sequences thought to constitute best play, presented in chess notation and concluding with a symbol indicating the analyst's assessment of the final position (such as "equal", "White wins", or "advantage to Black").[8] The book also set forth a number of general principles,[9][10] many of which are still valid today.[8]

Even contemporary grandmasters study the book. Frank Brady wrote in his biography of World Champion Bobby Fischer that Chess Openings Ancient and Modern was one of the most heavily annotated books in Fischer's personal library. Fischer had pencilled in his own analyses of the Scotch Game, Giuoco Piano, Evans Gambit, Bishop's Gambit, Danish Gambit, and other openings.[11] Referring specifically to the analysis in Chess Openings Ancient and Modern, Grandmaster Robert Byrne wrote in a 1991 chess column in The New York Times, "Ingenious strategies and tactics were tried out in the old days, and if your opponent knows them and you don't, you are in for a pounding."[12] Likewise Fischer, in his famous book My 60 Memorable Games, annotating an Evans Gambit that he had won against Reuben Fine, cited analysis from the 1893 edition of Chess Openings Ancient and Modern as an improvement on Fine's ninth move.[13]

A rare game

This section uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.

Freeborough was not distinguished as a player, and few of his games survive. Amos Burn, one of the world's strongest players, easily beat him in the following game.

Burn–Freeborough, Lancashire vs. Yorkshire match, 1887:
1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Bc5 3. f4 Bxg1? 4. Rxg1 Nc6? 5. fxe5 Nxe5 6. d4 Ng6 7. Qf3 c6? 8. Bc4 Qf6 9. Qxf6 Nxf6 10. e5 Nh5?? Losing a piece. 11. g3 Ne7 12. g4 b5 13. Bd3 Bb7 14. gxh5 Kf8 15. Ne4 Nc8? Losing another piece. 16. Nc5 Rb8? 17. Nxd7+ 1–0[14] Burn commented, "Mr. Freeborough is so constant a writer on the theory of the game that this example of his practice is somewhat remarkable."[15]

References

  1. ^ Jeremy Gaige, Chess Personalia: A Biobibliography, McFarland, 1987, p. 126. ISBN 0-7864-2353-6.
  2. ^ Mike Fox and Richard James, The Even More Complete Chess Addict, Faber and Faber, 1993, p. 19. ISBN 0-571-17040-4.
  3. ^ Philip W. Sergeant, A Century of British Chess, David McKay, 1934, pp. 190, 229.
  4. ^ Betts 2005, pp. 240, 248–49, 257, 599. ISBN 80-7189-557-1.
  5. ^ E. Freeborough and C.E. Ranken, Chess Openings Ancient and Modern, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co. (3rd ed. 1896), p. 1.
  6. ^ Douglas A. Betts, An Annotated Bibliography of Works Published in the English Language, 1850–1968, Moravian Chess Publishing House, 2005 (reprint of original book published by G.K. Hall and Co., 1974), p. 182, 184, 186, 191, 599. ISBN 80-7189-557-1.
  7. ^ Review of Chess Openings Ancient & Modern Archived 7 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Chessville.com. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  8. ^ a b Andrew Soltis, The wisest things ever said about chess, Batsford, 2008, p. 190. ISBN 978-1-906388-00-3.
  9. ^ E. Freeborough and C.E. Ranken, Chess Openings Ancient and Modern, Trübner and Co. (1st ed. 1889), pp. 13–16.
  10. ^ E. Freeborough and C.E. Ranken, Chess Openings Ancient and Modern, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co. (3rd ed. 1896), pp. 13–16.
  11. ^ Frank Brady, Profile of a Prodigy (2nd ed. 1973), David McKay, p. 11.
  12. ^ Robert Byrne, The New York Times, 27 October 1991 Chess. Retrieved 2 December 2008.
  13. ^ Bobby Fischer, My 60 Memorable Games, Faber and Faber, p. 278. ISBN 0-571-09987-4. The game may be played over here. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
  14. ^ Notes and punctuation based on notes by Burn in the 25 June 1887 Liverpool Weekly Courier, quoted in Richard Forster, Amos Burn: A Chess Biography, McFarland & Co., 2004, pp. 271–72. ISBN 0-7864-1717-X.
  15. ^ Forster 2004, p. 272 (quoting Burn in the 25 June 1887 Liverpool Weekly Courier).
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