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((Short description|Defunct amusement park, theater, and garden))
((about|the original Elitch Gardens site|the modern amusement park|Elitch Gardens Theme Park|))
((more citations needed|date=August 2020))
((Infobox amusement park
| name = Elitch Gardens
| image = Elitch Zoological Gardens Poster.jpg
| caption = Poster for Elitch's Zoological Gardens (c. 1900)
| location = [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]]
| location2 = Colorado
| location3 = U.S.
| coordinates = ((coord|39|46|05|N|105|02|48|W|type:landmark_region:US-CO|display=inline,title))
| opening_date = May 1, 1890
| closing_date = October 1, 1994
| previous_names = Elitch's Zoological Gardens
| area = 28 acres (113,000 m²)
| rides = 37
| coasters = 5
| water_rides = 2
| owner = [[John Elitch]] and [[Mary Elitch Long]] (1890–1916)<br/>John Mulvihill (1916–1930)<br/>Gurtler family (1930–1995)<br/> Elitch Gardens (1995–2014)
| slogan = Not to See Elitch's is Not to See Denver
| homepage = 
))
'''Elitch Gardens''' was a family-owned seasonal [[amusement park]], theater, and [[Botanical garden|botanic garden]] in the West Highland neighborhood in northwest [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]], [[Colorado]], United States, at 38th and Tennyson streets. For more than a century Elitch's was one of the most popular entertainment destinations in Colorado. It was nationally known for its luscious gardens, the [[Elitch Theatre]], the Trocadero Ballroom, and the premier wooden [[roller coaster]], Mister Twister. The park moved to downtown Denver in 1994 and later in November 1998 became Six Flags Elitch Gardens (now simply [[Elitch Gardens Theme Park|Elitch Gardens]] once again). The former location has been redeveloped.

==Early history==
[[File:Elitch Gardens 1890s Gate.jpg|thumb|250px|Elitch Zoological Gardens Gate, 1890]]
[[File:ElitchGardenTheatre1923 X24651.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Elitch Theatre|Elitch Gardens Theatre]], 1923.]]
Elitch's Zoological Gardens opened May 1, 1890, on ((convert|16|acre)) of former farmland bought by [[John Elitch]] and Mary Elitch. It was the first zoo west of Chicago, and it offered the Denver community a unique cultural experience.

[[Mary Elitch Long]] managed the park for 26 years following John's death in 1891.  Mary Elitch was the first woman to own and manage a zoo, and "until the opening of the Denver City Park Zoo, Elitch was the only zoological gardens between Chicago and the West Coast."<ref>((Cite book|last=Borrillo|first=Theodore A.|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/823177622|title=Denver's historic Elitch Theatre : a nostalgic journey (a history of its times)|date=2012|publisher=[publisher not identified]|isbn=978-0-9744331-4-1|pages=9|oclc=823177622))</ref> One of the bears was famous for dancing a waltz when the band played.

The [[Elitch Theatre]] (1890) became home to the oldest [[summer stock theatre|summer stock]] theater in the country starting in 1893 and continuing to entertain until it closed in 1991.  The building was the site of the first films exhibited in Colorado when Edison's [[Vitascope]] was show at the theatre on August 14, 1896.<ref>((Cite book|last=Borrillo|first=Theodore A.|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/823177622|title=Denver's historic Elitch Theatre : a nostalgic journey (a history of its times)|date=2012|publisher=[publisher not identified]|isbn=978-0-9744331-4-1|pages=30–31|oclc=823177622))</ref>  Many famous actors and actresses from New York and Hollywood performed on the [[Elitch Theatre]] stage.  Offering New York wages, the theatre booked big stars for generations.  Today the theatre is still standing at the original park site.

The park's first roller coaster, a Toboggan [[Figure 8 roller coaster|Figure 8]], opened in 1904. The park's original [[carousel]], built by [[Philadelphia Toboggan Company]], was added in 1906. 
The carousel remains in operation today as the [[Elitch Gardens Carousel|Kit Carson County Carousel]] in [[Burlington, Colorado]].

==Mulvihill/Gurtler ownership==
((Cleanup rewrite|it contains incomplete sentences, questionable conclusions stated as fact, and only one citation|section|date=August 2020))
[[File:ElitchGardenFlowers1890 X27380.jpg|thumb|250px|Flowerbed displaying the "Not to See Elitch's is Not to See Denver" slogan, c. 1916-1920.]]In 1916, the park was sold to John Mulvihill, with a provision stating the name could never be changed. New attractions appeared, including the fabulous Trocadero Ballroom in 1917, and two Philadelphia Toboggan Company creations: the Wildcat roller coaster — designed by [[Herbert Paul Schmeck]] — in 1922 and a new carousel in 1928. This carousel is still operational at Elitch Gardens. It was during this time the park's enduring slogan was first popularized: "Not to See Elitch's is Not to See Denver."

As floral gardens were expanded and greenhouses built, Elitch's became a commercial florist. Mulvihill died in 1930, and the park's ownership transferred to his son-in-law Arnold Gurtler.

In the mid-1930s, the zoo portion of the park was discontinued, with the space being used for more formal gardens (and rides). A giant floral clock was added and the Trocadero Ballroom became a regular stop for touring [[big band]]s and home to ''An Evening at the Troc'', a weekly radio broadcast. During this classic period of Big Band Jazz and Swing, the Trocadero Ballroom became a famous summertime night spot as its seemingly endless succession of brilliant stars provided countless hours of live national radio broadcasts in an age before television.<ref>Fisher, Steve. "[http://www.du.edu/magazine/archive/spring2004/nostaglia.html Dancing at the Troc]". ''University of Denver Magazine''. Spring 2004.</ref>

In 1945, management was assumed by Gurtler's sons, Jack and Budd. In 1952, a section of the park called Kiddieland, oriented to small children, was opened.  At a time when amusement parks catered almost exclusively to adults, Elitch's Kiddieland was an instant hit attraction with the first of many lucky generations of small fry. For tots, there were two-seat rocket planes, open-wheel race cars, real floating "motorboats", a real small-scale car track with a gas station, all in Kid Scale. The floral business side of the park was quite successful, becoming the largest supplier of carnations in the country in the early 1950s.

Despite substantial community outcry, the Trocadero Ballroom was torn down in 1976, claiming the declining popularity of ballroom dancing, replacing Denver's beloved landmark Old Troc with Skee-Ball and arcade games. The theater, which had switched formats from summer stock to star-centered performances in 1962, closed in 1991.

==Mister Twister==

Mister Twister opened in 1965. It was a ((convert|96|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall)) wooden coaster, designed by [[John C. Allen|John Allen]] of [[Philadelphia Toboggan Company]],<ref>[http://www.rcdb.com/id2102.htm Mr. Twister (Elitch Gardens)]. Roller Coaster DataBase.</ref> and advertisements promoted the fact that it didn't "have a foot of straight track". It was regularly rated as one of the top ten rides in the country until it stopped operating in 1994 when the park was relocated. [[Twister III: Storm Chaser]] at the Elitch Gardens Theme & Water Park is modeled after the original. It was named ''Twister II'' until being renamed following a 2023 renovation.

[[Knoebels]], in [[Elysburg, Pennsylvania|Elysburg]], [[Pennsylvania]], considered relocating the original Mister Twister but, due to space constraints, built a new version very closely patterned after the original, which they simply called ''[[Twister (roller coaster)|Twister]]''.

One feature of Mister Twister was that, after ascending the first hill, the rider was within the line of sight of another coaster, [[Lakeside Amusement Park]]'s crown jewel 'Cyclone'.

==Wildcat==
The Wildcat was the oldest of the coasters in the park having been built in 1926 as "The Skyrocket" and revamped as "The Wildcat" in 1935.<ref name="auto">((Cite web|url=https://www.themerica.org/blog/2019/10/06/in-the-gardens-of-elitch|title=In the Gardens of Elitch. — Themerica|date=December 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226194710/https://www.themerica.org/blog/2019/10/06/in-the-gardens-of-elitch|archive-date=2020-12-26))</ref> It was an out-and-back design by Herbert Schmeck of the Philadelphia Toboggan Company, and like Mister Twister, did not make the move to downtown Denver. It has since been demolished to make room for residential development.

==Sidewinder==
[[Sidewinder (Elitch Gardens)|The Sidewinder]] was Colorado's first looping coaster, and arrived from [[Magic Springs and Crystal Falls]] park (where it operated as "the Roaring Tornado") in 1990. It was built by [[Arrow Dynamics]] in 1980, and is a launched shuttle loop that speeds into a drop, into a vertical loop, up another hill, and then proceeds to run the course backwards. It made the move to the new park, It is one of three Arrow launched loops made by Arrow to still operate today.

==Ride list==
<!--

These were the rides at the original Elitch Gardens location, not the new
location.  There's a separate article about the park at the new location.

-->
*Mister Twister (1964 [[John C. Allen]] wooden twister coaster)
*[[Sidewinder (Elitch Gardens)|Sidewinder]] (1981 [[Arrow Dynamics]] launched shuttle loop, debuted 1990)
*Wildcat (1927 Herbert Schmeck wooden out-and-back coaster)
*Spitfire ([[Hrubetz]] Spitfire, debut unknown but visible in a map dated 1950 <ref name="auto"/>)
*Splinter ([[Arrow Development]] [[Log flume (attraction)|log flume]], debuted 1978)
*Rainbow (Huss Rainbow, debuted 1985)
*Troika (Huss [[Troika (ride)]], debuted 1977)
*Paradise (Huss [[Breakdance (ride)|Breakdance]], debuted 1987)
*Holland Express (Reverchon Himalaya, debuted 1967)
*Casino (Chance [[Wipeout/Trabant (Ride)]], debuted 1965)
*Mine Shaft (Chance [[Rotor (ride)|Rotor]], debuted 1991)
*Round Up ([[Hrubetz]] [[Round Up (ride)|Round Up]], debuted 1963)
*Thing-A-Ma-Jig (Heintz-Fahtze Twister, debuted 1985)
*Spider (Eyerly Spider, debuted 1969)
*Turn of the century (Zierer [[Wave Swinger]], debuted 1969)
*Wild Mouse (Schiff wild mouse, debuted 1960)
*Bumper Cars (Reverchon [[Dodgems]], debuted 1955)
*Illuminator (Chance Skydiver, debuted in 1992)
*Carousel (Philadelphia Toboggan Company 1905 model) first one, [[Elitch Gardens Carousel]], Philadelphia Toboggan Company Carousel #6, was sold and removed in 1928
*Carousel (Philadelphia Toboggan Company 1920 model) second one, Philadelphia Toboggan Company Carousel #51, replaced the original in 1928
*Big Wheel (Chance Giant Wheel, debuted 1975)
*Sea Dragon (Chance Sea Dragon, debuted 1981)
*Sky Ride (Hopkins chairlift, debuted 1969)
*Battle Zone (boat tag, debuted 1987)
*Tilt-A-Whirl (Sellner [[Tilt-A-Whirl]], debuted 1957)

==Move to new location==
In 1985, management and ownership of the park was assumed by Buddy Gurtler's son, Sandy Gurtler.  At its historic location the park had no expansion space, and the family had long planned to relocate to a  larger location.  The city of Denver provided a location in the Central Platte River Valley, an area that was once a [[Superfund]] cleanup site.

On May 27, 1995, Elitch's opened at its new downtown location with fifteen of its twenty major rides from the old location.<ref>Will, Ed. "ELITCH GARDENS REBORN: Patience the watchword for opening day at Denver's new (old) amusement park". ''Denver Post'', May 26, 1995: Weekend page 22.</ref> The new location sits adjacent to [[Interstate 25]] between [[Empower Field at Mile High]] and the [[Pepsi Center]]. It is currently one of the few downtown amusement parks in the United States.

At the old location, separate arson events a day apart in November 1995 destroyed the arcade building<ref>
Robinson, Marilyn. "Fire spurs call to up security Old Elitch park scene of blaze." ''Denver Post'', November 4, 1995: B-01.</ref> and heavily damaged the Splinter water ride and Wildcat roller coaster.<ref>"Second fire at old Elitch's". ''Denver Post'', November 6, 1995: B-03.</ref>

Following two seasons at its new location with attendance of about one million (versus 750,000 for the last season at its old location) and a second season goal of 1.2 million,<ref>Olgeirson, Ian. "[http://www.bizjournals.com/denver/stories/1996/09/23/story8.html Forecast for Elitch's: Visitor numbers flat]". ''Denver Business Journal'', September 20, 1996.</ref> the park was sold to [[Six Flags#History of Premier Parks|Premier Parks]] who subsequently purchased all [[Six Flags]] parks. The park operated as 'Six Flags Elitch Gardens' until 2006. [[CNL Lifestyle Properties]] purchased Elitch Gardens from Six Flags in 2007 and leased it back to [[PARC Management]].  The park was rebranded simply as 'Elitch Gardens'.  In 2011 CNL terminated its lease with PARC Management.  Then [[Herschend Family Entertainment]] was chosen to operate the park, Herschend Family Entertainment operated the park until 2015 when [[Premier Parks, LLC]], the current operator of the park took over.

==Redevelopment==
The ((convert|28|acre|adj=on)) site of the former amusement park has undergone redevelopment as Highlands' Garden Village. The site won the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]]'s 2005 Overall Excellence in Smart Growth award <ref>[http://www.epa.gov/piedpage/awards/2005_overall_dura.htm EPA Smart Growth: 2005 National Award for Smart Growth Achievement]. United States Environmental Protection Agency. August 2, 2006.</ref> for its [[new urbanism]] development of 308 housing units and a variety of office and retail spaces. The site maintained many of the old trees and other park elements, including the historic Elitch Theatre, the entertainment gazebo, and the structure that once housed the carousel, which is now a picnic structure. The new development exceeded Colorado's Built Green and Energy Star programs and also used recycled construction materials <ref>[http://www.rose-network.com/projects/index.html?cat_toc.html&top.html&highland.html Jonathan Rose Companies > Projects > Highlands' Garden Village] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060429154133/http://www.rose-network.com/projects/index.html?cat_toc.html&top.html&highland.html |date=2006-04-29 )).</ref>  Wal-Mart Stores Inc. wanted to build one of its Neighborhood Market grocery stores at the site, but neighborhood residents protested the store, saying they didn't want a Wal-Mart in the area. In the fall of 2004, Wal-Mart decided not to build it. Sunflower Farmers Market announced they would anchor the center with a grocery store in July 2005.<ref>Moore, Paula. "[http://denver.bizjournals.com/denver/stories/2006/11/06/story5.html Retail building starts at old Elitch's site]". ''Denver Business Journal''. November 3, 2006.</ref> In January 2009 the Sunflower Market retail building at HGV Green Commons was designated as the first LEED core and shell Gold Supermarket in the United States.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.rosecompanies.com/all-projects/highlands-garden-village|title=Jonathan Rose Companies > Projects > Highlands' Garden Village.))</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==Further reading==
*Documentary film [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQSawTY3PkU Welcome Back Riders] (2007)
*((cite book |last=Hull |first=Betty Lynne |title=Denver's Elitch Gardens : spinning a century of dreams |year=2003 |publisher=Johnson Books |location=Boulder, CO |isbn=1-55566-285-4))
*((cite book |last=Hunt |first=Corrine |title=The Elitch Gardens story : memories of Jack Gurtler |year=1982 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Writers Guild |location=Boulder, CO |isbn= 978-0-937050-27-9))
*((cite video | people =[[Rocky Mountain PBS|KRMA-TV]] |date =1995 | title =Rocky Mountain Legacy: Elitch Gardens | medium =Videotape | location =Denver, CO | publisher =Council for Public Television, Channel 6, Inc.))
*((cite book |last=Levy |first=Edwin Lewis |title=Elitch's Gardens, Denver, Colorado: a history of the oldest summer theatre in the United States (1890-1941) |year=1960 |oclc =15110556))

==External links==
((Portal|Colorado))

*[http://www.HistoricElitchTheatre.org/ The Historic Elitch Theatre Foundation]
*[http://www.highlandsgardenvillage.net/ Highlands' Garden Village]
*[http://www.coloradomagazineonline.com/Colorado%20Places/Elitch_Gardens/Elitch_Gardens.htm The Original Elitch Gardens] Single page photoessay at ''Colorado Magazine''
*[http://www.elitchgardens.com Elitch Gardens Official Website]

[[Category:Elitch Gardens Theme Park|E]]
[[Category:History of Denver]]
[[Category:Defunct amusement parks in the United States]]
[[Category:Botanical gardens in Colorado]]
[[Category:1890 establishments in Colorado]]
[[Category:1994 disestablishments in Colorado]]

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