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Ellen Hall
Ellen Hall
Ellen Hall - Goldwyn Girl in 1943
Born
Ellen Joanna Johnson

(1923-04-18)April 18, 1923
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
DiedMarch 24, 1999(1999-03-24) (aged 75)
Bellevue, Nebraska, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Other namesEllen Langer
Occupation(s)Film and Television actress
Years active1941–1952
Known for
Spouse
Lee Langer
​
​
(m. 1944; died 1995)​
Parents
RelativesRichard Emory (brother)

Ellen Hall made her mark on the American entertainment industry as an actress and showgirl. Hall introduction to the film industry when her mother, Ella Hall, secured an uncredited cameo as a nurse in the 1930 Universal production of "All Quiet on the Western Front". Her mother also secured uncredited roles for 7-year-old Ellen and 10-year-old Waldemar.

In 1943, Hall's beauty opened the door, allowing her to join the celebrated Goldwyn Girls. This group of starlets was a musical stock company of female dancers. Samuel Goldwyn formed the group based on the famous Ziegfeld Girls. In 1944, 20th Century Fox invited Hall to join the newly formed Diamond Horseshoe Girls.

During her career, she acted in Westerns, a popular genre in the 1940s. She also showcased her talents in family comedies and musicals. In 1951, she appeared in a popular television series, Cisco Kid.

Ellen Hall bid her last farewell to the world of movies and television in 1952 when she was 28.

Early years

Ellen Hall's mother was Universal Pictures' ingénue Ella Hall. Her father was a Universal actor turned director, Emory Johnson. In September 1917, while still under contract to Universal, they married in a private ceremony. After their honeymoon, the newlyweds moved into Emory Johnson's Los Angeles residence, where they shared the home with Johnson's mother, Emilie Johnson. The oldest of Hall's siblings, Emory Waldemar Johnson Jr was born on January 27, 1919.[1] The Johnson's second child, Alfred Bernard Johnson was born on September 26, 1920.[2] Ellen Hall was born Ellen Joanna Johnson on April 19, 1923.[3]

In 1924, the Johnson marriage was on the verge of collapse, prompting Ellen's mother to start divorce proceedings. Although her parents reconciled in late 1925, tragedy struck in March 1926. A truck fatally struck Ellen's 5-year-old brother Alfred while Ella and the kids were crossing a bustling street in Hollywood. They sought to fortify their renewed bond and welcomed another child into the family. Ellen's sister, Diana Marie (Dinie), was born on October 27, 1929.[4]

Hall's parents continued their ongoing arguments about finances, child-rearing, visitation rights, and living situations. The tumultuous relationship of the Johnsons eventually reached its breaking point, culminating in their divorce in 1930. Ella and her three children found residence with Ella's mother, Mary Hall, who lived in a modest Spanish stucco house in North Hollywood. To provide for her family, Ella secured a position at the upscale lady's dress shop, I. Magnin. Ella, as a special representative for the upscale boutique, made sure to update her celebrity connections about the latest stylish gowns.[5] In 1932, Emory Johnson declared bankruptcy to reduce his financial obligations towards Hall and their children.[6] This decision fueled resentment, ultimately leading to the children growing distant from their father. By 1941, Ellen Hall was a tall, gorgeous 18-year-old ready to enter the entertainment industry.

Career

Hall appeared in her first large-scale production when she was 7. Her mother secured roles for Ellen and her 10-year-old brother, Waldmar, in the 1930 Universal production of All Quiet on the Western Front.[7]

In the book, "The Encyclopedia of Feature Players of Hollywood," Hall's brother, Richard Emory, recalled his minor part in the film and their mother's uncredited role as a nurse. He could not remember his sister being present on the set. It is important to note that her brother's recollections of the movie were forty years after its release.[8]

According to another newspaper account, Hall, 9, made her first appearance in front of the cameras with an uncredited role in Mary Pickford's Secrets released on March 16, 1933.[5]

Hall likely started her film industry journey as an uncredited background actor before becoming a teenager.

Comedies, glamour and musicals

Horseshoe Girls
1944
Berkeley Girls
1943

"I have always insisted that every Goldwyn Girl look as though she just had stepped out of the bathtub. There must be a kind of radiant, scrubbed cleanliness about them which rules out all artificiality."

— Sam Goldwyn[9][a]

Early in his career, Sam Goldwyn traveled to the East Coast. Sam Goldwyn found the New York-based Ziegfeld Follies impressive, and he was particularly impressed by their dazzling chorus line, the Ziegfeld Girls. Appreciating the potential, Goldwyn created a West Coast version of the Chorus line and named them the Goldwyn Girls. From 1930 to 1955, over 200 women moved through the ranks of Goldwyn Girls. While many had successful marriages, others found success in their careers in film and television. Ellen Hall was fortunate to have both.

At the age of 18, her next film opportunity emerged when she was chosen to play one of the background autograph seekers in the musical comedy "The Chocolate Soldier." The MGM production was starring Nelson Eddy and Risë Stevens and released in November 1941.[11][12]

At 21, Hall became one of the thirty-four glamorous Goldwyn girls in 1943. As a Goldwyn girl she acted in the Samuel Goldwyn Productions musical Up in Arms starring Danny Kaye and Dinah Shore.[13] Her promotional photo from the shoot states, She is 5'6" tall, weighs 123 pounds, and has brown hair and blue eyes.[14][b] The film was released in February 1944.

Later, in 1944, she worked with Bing Crosby and Betty Hutton in Here Come the Waves.[11][16] In 1945, she was a Goldwyn girl in the musical production of the Wonder Man starring Danny Kaye and Virginia Mayo. [11][17] In 1946, another musical came along in the form of the Busby Berkeley production of Cinderella Jones starring Robert Alda and Joan Leslie.[11][18] This role would become her last part in a musical. In late 1944, she was selected by 20th-Century Fox producer William Perlberg to join the fourteen Diamond Horseshoe Girls.[c]

Besides showcasing her talents in family-oriented musicals, she would gain her marquee status in westerns.

Westerns

Although she found work in other genres, she found her acting niche in B movie westerns. Often referred to as the "Golden Age of the spurs-and-saddles films" spanning from 1940 to 1960, Hall's affinity for this genre would flourish.[20] Since the Western genre was a constant staple in those days, acting in these types of films represented a source of steady employment. Eventually, Westerns would comprise a full third of her total career output.

In 1943, the 20 year-old actress got her first female lead in 1943 Monogram Pictures production of Outlaws of Stampede Pass released on October 15, 1943. This Western featured Johnny Mack Brown, Raymond Hatton and Hall in the role of Mary Lewis.[11][21]

Hall would act in five westerns in 1944. In January, she got top female billing in her second Johnny Mack Brown Western, Monogram Picture of Raiders of the Border.[11][22] In April, she saddled up with William Boyd in the Hopalong Cassidy film, Lumberjack[11][23] In June, she acted in her third Johnny Mack Brown western, the Monogram Pictures release of Range Law.[11][24] July 1944 saw the release of Republic Pictures Call of the Rockies with Smiley Burnette and Sunset Carson, Hall played Marjorie Malloy.[11][25] The end of July marked her final appearance in a western for 1944. Brand of the Devil produced by Producers Releasing Corporation was released on July 30. The film featured Dave O'Brien, James Newill with hall playing Molly Dawson.[11][26]

Following her 1944 marriage, she started accepting fewer movie roles. 1946 saw the release of Thunder Town featuring Bob Steele.[11][27] Her final Hollywood western was the Monogram Pictures production of Lawless Code released on December 4, 1949. The movie featured Jimmy Wakely and a 26 year old Hall as Rita Caldwell.[11][28]

Other genre & media

Movie Quotes
Voodoo Man 1944

Betty Benton: Is she ill?
Dr. Marlowe: No, she's dead. She has been dead for twenty-two years.[29]

— Wanda McKay questions Bela Lugosi
about his zombie-like wife Ellen Hall

Interspersed with her 1944 Western roles, she also managed to land a role as the long-dead wife of Bela Lugosi in the 1944 production of Voodoo Man.[11][30]

The 1950s saw Hall's career winding down and her older brother, Richard Emory, beginning the early stages of his acting career. The 1950s also proved to be the Golden Age of Television, during which the medium underwent enormous growth. Television began to vie with motion pictures as a major form of popular entertainment. The same opportunity to act in a new western television series, The Cisco Kid, was presented to Hall and Emory. Hall appeared in three episodes:

  1. Newspaper Crusade aired May 5, 1951
  2. Freight Line Feud aired June 2, 1951
  3. Performance Bond aired June 30, 1951

Although they never acted in the same episode, each of Hall's three appearances was preceded by Emory's performance in the previous week's installment of the popular Western series.[31][32][33]

After her 1945 marriage, Hall acted in six more movies. Hall's last Hollywood film was the 1951 production of the Bowery Battalion featuring The Bowery Boys.[11][34] Her last recorded film is the 1952 PFC production of The Congregation staring Peter Graves and June WhitleyTaylor.[11][35] She retired from making films at the age of 28.

Marriage

Lee Langer, Ann Sheridan, Ellen Hall

"I said to the producers what a horrible thing to do to a G.I. You’re going to get every guy in the army all upset, thinking he can marry a movie queen. He doesn’t even know what he’s getting into."

— Ann Sheridan - explaining her refusal to take part in the 1944 wartime musical Hollywood Canteen[36]

Louella Parsons, the “Queen of Hollywood gossip,” wrote in her "In Hollywood" gossip column dated January 26, 1944, ”Ann Sheridan, as gay and happy as a lark, was with the Perc Westmore in the Mocambo."[d] The same column also noted, ”Kim Hunter, whose favorite boyfriend is Captain Bill Baldwin, is out with him, Captain Lee Langer, and Orry Kelly at the Mocambo. The two boys have been overseas and soon will be off for other duties”[38]

In the early months of 1943, 28-year-old Ann Sheridan was given the female lead of Nora Bayes in the Warner Bros. production of Shine On, Harvest Moon.[e] Fast forward to February 1944, as reported in the Los Angeles Times, Sheridan and Ellen Hall collaborated on a scene in the movie. [40] Captain Lee Langer was a Marine fighter pilot who had seen action in the Guadalcanal campaign.[f] As noted before, Langer had been observed at the Mocambo on the same night as Sheridan.[38] For reasons unknown, Captain Langer appeared on the same movie set where Sheridan and Hall were working together. Sheridan seized upon the opportunity to play matchmaker and introduced Langer to Hall. Hall and Langer immediately connected. They adopted the song Shine On, Harvest Moon and claimed it belongs to them. Two weeks later, Hall and Langer made a significant announcement.

Ellen Joanna Johnson, also known as Ellen Hall, shared the news of her engagement with Nathan Hale Langer, also known as Lee Langer, on Monday, March 13, 1944. At the time of the announcement, Ellen was 20 years old, while Nathan was 25.[49] They planned an early marriage, but ended up waiting almost a year.

On Sunday, December 3, 1944, Ellen Jeane Johnson, 21, married Lee Langer, 25, at an Episcopalian Church located North Hollywood.[50] Rickie VanDusen,19, a fellow Diamond Horseshoe Girl.[51] was Hall's Maid of Honor.[52] Hall's mother, Ella Hall, was a good friend of Mary Pickford.[8] Pickford arranged for the Wedding reception to be held at the Hollywood home of her good friend, Frances Marion. Along with Hall's mother, Pickford was in the Receiving line.[52] A newspaper article describing the wedding referenced her father as "The late Emory Johnson." Father and daughter were estranged at the time.[52] The marriage was filed in Los Angeles, California, on January 11, 1945.[53]

After their marriage, Captain Langer remained on active duty. They moved into a modest three-bedroom Spanish stucco-style home[54] at 4421 Talofa Avenue in Los Angeles.[55] They knew the military could order him to return to the Pacific theater at any time. In June 1945, a news article listed him as "serving with a fighter squadron at a Pacific base."[55] The war in the Pacific would linger until VJ Day on August 15, 1945. The military discharged Langer from active service on February 21, 1946.[56] A son was born to the couple on March 4, 1949. They would remain married until his death in 1995.

Post hollywood

By 1952, she had retired from films. The couple moved to a quiet cul-de-sac in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles. Raising her son and local volunteer work became her main focus. She was a Motion Picture & Television Fund volunteer group member. She served as its volunteer president from 1969 to 1970.[57]

Her husband became a Hollywood restaurateur. He managed the upscale restaurant Encore Cafe at 806 North La Cienega Boulevard.[58] The restaurant was one of the many upscale diners located on La Cienega Boulevard in an area that became Hollywood's Restaurant Row. In 1951, he also became a Major in the Marine Reserves.[59]

Death

After living in Los Angeles, the couple retired to Rosarito Beach, Mexico. Lee Langer died in 1995 in San Ysidro, San Diego at the age of 76.[60] Langer and Ellen had celebrated 50 years of marriage. After his death, Hall moved to Bellevue, Nebraska. On March 24, 1999, Ellen Hall Langer died of complications from a stroke while residing in Bellevue's Hillcrest Care and Rehabilitation Center. A private service was held in Bellevue. Her ashes were transported West and interred with her mother and sister at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California. Her estranged father is interred a block away. Ellen Langer was 75 at the time of her death.[61]

Hall's father, Emory Johnson, 66, died in San Mateo, California on April 18, 1960, from burns suffered in a fire.[62] Hall's mother, Ella Hall, 84, was residing in Los Angeles, California at the time of her death on September 3, 1981.[63] Hall's only sister, Diana Marie (Dinie) Johnson, 55, died on November 29, 1984 in Los Angeles, California.[64] Her brother, Emory Waldemar Johnson (Richard Emory), 74, died of a stroke on February 15, 1994, in Moab, Utah.[65]

Filmography

          ◆   Filmography of Ellen Hall   ◆          
Year Film Role Production Distribution Genre Credit Released
1930 All Quiet on the Western Front Young Girl Universal Universal War No Apr 21, 1930
1933 Secrets Young Girl Mary Pickford United Artists Drama No Mar 16, 1933
1941 The Chocolate Soldier Autograph Seeker MGM Loews Inc. Musical No Oct 31, 1941
1943 Outlaws of Stampede Pass Mary Lewis Monogram Monogram Western Yes Oct 15, 1943
1944 Raiders of the Border Bonita Bayne Monogram Monogram Western Yes Jan 31, 1944
1944 Up in Arms Goldwyn Girl Samuel Goldwyn RKO Musical No Feb 17, 1944
1944 Voodoo Man Evelyn Marlowe Banner Prod Monogram Horror Yes Feb 21, 1944
1944 Lumberjack Julie Peters Jordan Harry Sherman United Artists Western Yes Apr 28, 1944
1944 Range Law Lucille Gray Monogram Monogram Western Yes Jun 24, 1944
1944 Call of the Rockies Marjorie Malloy Republic Republic Western Yes Jul 14, 1944
1944 Brand of the Devil Molly Dawson Arthur Alexander PRC Western Yes Jul 30, 1944
1944 Here Come the Waves Johnny Cabot Fan Mark Sandrich Paramount Musical No Dec 18, 1944
1945 A Royal Scandal Unknown Ernst Lubitsch 20th Century Fox Drama No Apr 11, 1945
1945 Having Wonderful Crime Bathing Beauty Robert Fellows RKO Comedy No Apr 12, 1945
1945 Wonder Man Goldwyn Girl Samuel Goldwyn RKO Musical No Jun 8, 1945
1946 Cinderella Jones Junior Leaguer Warner Bros. Warner Bros. Musical No Mar 9, 1946
1946 Thunder Town Betty Morgan PRC PRC Western Yes Apr 12, 1946
1949 Lawless Code Rita Caldwell Monogram Monogram Western Yes Dec 4, 1949
1951 Bowery Battalion WAC Jan Grippo Monogram Comedy No Jan 24, 1951
1952 The Congregation Unk Paul F. Heard Prod PFC Religious No Jan 1, 1952

Television

          ◆   Television Roles for Ellen Hall   ◆          
Year Series Role Season Episode Name Genre Air Date
1950 The Cisco Kid Elaine Jarrett 1 16 Newspaper Crusader Western Dec 19, 1950
1951 The Cisco Kid Elaine 1 22 Freight Line Feud Western Jan 27, 1951
1951 The Cisco Kid Elaine Wilson 2 1 Performance Bond Western Sep 03, 1951
The Cisco Kid aired 156 episodes between 1950 - 1956

Gallery

Notes

  1. ^ Ziegfeld did teach Goldwyn a lesson he would carry for the rest of his career, one of the secrets behind the success of the Follies: Women enjoyed looking at beautiful women in beautiful clothes, the glorification of their gender. Goldwyn decided to assemble his own chorus line, which he christened the Goldwyn Girls. He told the press that the criteria were beauty, personality, talent, self-confidence, and ambition. “They must have one other characteristic,“ Goldwyn later told an interviewer. “I have always insisted that every Goldwyn Girl look as though she just had stepped out of the bathtub. There must be a kind of radiant, scrubbed cleanliness about them which rules out all artificiality.“[10]
  2. ^ Hedda Hopper stated in her column:
    When Sam Goldwin told me he had picked 34 of the most beautiful girls in America for his new color musical “Up in Arms,“ I was remembering some golden girls of previous years - Betty Grable, Paulette Goddard, Lucille Ball, just to mention a few. I introduced them one by one to the servicemen at Hollywood Canteen, and the boys nearly took off the roof.
    The 1943 Goldwyn Girls, all our high school graduates, average age 19, some of them have completed college, others are midway in college. Statistics show the girl's average height is 5 foot 5 1/2 inches, and their average weight is 118 pounds . . . Ellen Hall is a Los Angeles girl, daughter of Emery Johnson, Pioneer, Director, writer, and actor in silent film. She’s been in pictures three years.[15]
  3. ^ Quoted from the Hedda Hopper column titled - Glamour girls given long-term contracts
    Musicals make an ideal setting for beauty, as every producer knows. William Perlberg, the 20th-century beauty producer, signed 14 showgirls to a long-term contract, calling them Diamond Horseshoe girls. The girls were hand-picked from 250 color tests of candidates drawn from all over the USA.
    Perlberg made a claim regarding beauty, "It must have an impact." “Pretty girls are a dime a dozen," he says, “especially in Hollywood. But very few have an impact – it’s a combination of beauty, personality, and that intangible something we call magnetism for lack of a better word.“ Some even go so far as to call it sex appeal. [19]
  4. ^ Established in 1941, the Mocambo nightclub was situated on the iconic Sunset Strip at 8588 Sunset Boulevard in West Hollywood, California. This Latin American-inspired venue boasted glass enclosures showcasing exotic birds and hosted performances by prominent big bands. Renowned as a premier all-night dancing destination, the Mocambo drew a diverse crowd, including some of Hollywood's most prominent stars. It wasn't uncommon to find the venue filled with the leading men and women of the motion picture industry, solidifying its status as a hotspot for entertainment and glamour.[37]
  5. ^ "Shine On, Harvest Moon" is a Warner Brothers film from 1944 that delves into the musical biographies of Nora Bayes and Jack Norworth, a renowned Vaudeville duo. Warner Brothers filmed the movie between June and September 1943. They released the film on April 8, 1944, after it premiered in New York on March 10, 1944. The film explores their lives and showcases how they collaboratively created the widely loved song "Shine On, Harvest Moon." They also acknowledge Jack Norworth as the Lyricist behind many Tin Pan Alley hits, including the 1908 classic, Take Me Out to the Ball Game.[39]
  6. ^ Nathan Hale "Toots" Langer was born on February 3, 1919, in Chicago, Illinois.[41] His parents were Jewish immigrants who migrated to the United States from Austria in 1910.[42] After earning his diploma from Chicago's Bowen High School he became a student at Bradley Polytechnic Institute located in Peoria, Illinois.[43] According to the details he provided on his Draft Registration card signed on October 16, 1940, he stood at 6 feet, had black hair and brown eyes, and weighed 182 pounds.[44] On September 26, 1941, Langer was 22 yrs old and a second-year student at Bradley when he volunteered for the United States Marine Corps.[45] He secured his commission as a second lieutenant in June 1942.[46]

    Lieutenant Langer received his assignment to VMA-124. The marine squadron, VMA-124 (Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 124), was founded on September 2, 1942, and was stationed at Camp Kearny, San Diego, California. The squadron became operational on December 28, 1942, and subsequently deployed to Guadalcanal on February 12, 1943. VMA-124 remained in the Solomon Islands until September 1943.[47]

    An article in the Chicago Sunday Tribune dated November 7, 1943, stated Lt. Lee Langer is currently on leave, enjoying some time at home after a ten-month deployment in the South Pacific. During his service, he experienced combat in Munda, New Georgia, and the Russell Islands. While on a strafing mission over Rekata Bay in New Georgia, his plane had a mechanical issue. He was forced to Water landing his corsair three miles off Santa Isabel Island. Lt. Langer reached the island three hours later in his rubber raft, albeit with severe head injuries from navigating coral reefs. In the morning, they dispatched a rescue plane to retrieve the injured pilot for medical treatment.
    Lieutenant Langer will remain in Chicago until his leave is over. Then, he expects orders to report to El Toro, California as an instructor.[48]

References

  1. ^ "California Birth Index, 1905-1995". California Department of Public Health – Vital Records. 2005. Retrieved January 7, 2024. Waldemar Johnson Jr
  2. ^ "California Birth Index, 1905-1995". California Department of Public Health – Vital Records. 2005. Retrieved January 7, 2024. Alfred Bernard Johnson
  3. ^ "California Birth Index, 1905-1995". California Department of Public Health – Vital Records. 2005. Retrieved January 7, 2024. Ellen Joanna Johnson
  4. ^ "California Birth Index, 1905-1995". California Department of Public Health – Vital Records. 2005. Retrieved January 7, 2024. Diana Marie (Dinie)
  5. ^ a b "Daughter of Ella Hall, former film star, makes debut with Mary Pickford". The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis, Indiana. January 19, 1933. p. 3. Retrieved January 9, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ "Emory Johnson Broke". Variety. March 8, 1932. March 8, 1932. p. 10.
  7. ^ "Ellen Hall Langer". The Modesto Bee. Modesto, California. March 30, 1999. p. 39. Retrieved January 9, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ a b Goldrup & Goldrup 2012, p. 592.
  9. ^ Berg 1998, p. 271.
  10. ^ Berg 1998, pp. 271–272.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Ellen Hall Filmography at the American Film Institute Catalog
  12. ^ The Chocolate Soldier at the American Film Institute Catalog
  13. ^ "Samuel Goldwyn Grabs Off Galaxy of Glamour Girls By Hedda Hopper". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. October 3, 1943. p. 50. Retrieved January 14, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ Description of Ella Hall from her Commons Photograph
  15. ^ "Samuel Goldwyn Grabs Off Galaxy of Glamour Girls By Hedda Hopper". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. October 3, 1943. p. 50. Retrieved January 14, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ Here Comes the Waves at the American Film Institute Catalog
  17. ^ Wonder Man at the American Film Institute Catalog
  18. ^ Cinderella Jones at the American Film Institute Catalog
  19. ^ "Glamour Girls Given Long-term Contracts by Hedda Hadda Hopper". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. November 5, 1944. pp. 28–29. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com. New Hollywood Beauty Boss Launches Policy of Attempting to Gild Lilies
  20. ^ Gittell, Noah (June 17, 2014). "Superheroes Replaced Cowboys at the Movies. But It's Time to Go Back to Cowboys". The Atlantic. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
  21. ^ Outlaws of Stampede Pass at the American Film Institute Catalog
  22. ^ Raiders of the Border at the American Film Institute Catalog
  23. ^ Lumberjack at the American Film Institute Catalog
  24. ^ Range Law at the American Film Institute Catalog
  25. ^ Call of the Rockies at the American Film Institute Catalog
  26. ^ Brand of the Devil at the American Film Institute Catalog
  27. ^ Thunder Town at the American Film Institute Catalog
  28. ^ Lawless Code at the American Film Institute Catalog
  29. ^ Nowlan, Robert A (1994). Film quotations : 11,000 lines spoken on screen, arranged by subject, and indexed. Jefferson, N.C. : McFarland. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-89950-786-6.
  30. ^ "Reviews of New Films - Voodoo Man – Hollywood Review". The Film Daily. New York, Wid's Films and Film Folks, Inc. February 15, 1944. p. 433. Archived from the original on May 3, 2013. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  31. ^ Lentz 1996, p. 1565.
  32. ^ Lentz 1996, pp. 1565–1566.
  33. ^ Lentz 1996, p. 1566.
  34. ^ Bowery Battalion at the American Film Institute Catalog
  35. ^ The Congregation at the American Film Institute Catalog
  36. ^ Bubbeo 2002, pp. 199–200.
  37. ^ "Classic Locations: Mocambo nightclub". Los Angeles Times. June 6, 1944. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
  38. ^ a b "In Hollywood by Louella Parsons". Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. January 26, 1944. p. 10. Retrieved December 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. ^ Shine on Harvest Moon at the American Film Institute Catalog
  40. ^ "Marine will Wed Daughter of Actress". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. March 12, 1944. p. 16. Retrieved December 30, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  41. ^ "Cook County, Illinois, Birth Certificates Index, 1871-1922". NARA. 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  42. ^ "1920 Fourteenth Census United States Federal Census". NARA. 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  43. ^ "Chicagoan Back On Leave After Scoring On Japs". Chicago Sunday Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. November 7, 1943. p. 132. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
  44. ^ "U.S. WWII Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947". NARA. 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  45. ^ "U.S., Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS Death File, 1850-2010". NARA. 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  46. ^ "AT PACIFIC BASE". San Fernando Valley Times. San Fernando, California. June 7, 1945. p. 2. Retrieved December 27, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  47. ^ Kwallek, Major Jeffrey (April 1988). "U.S.Marine Aviation in World War II;VMF 124 in the Solomons" (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL: Air Command and Staff College. p. 84. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  48. ^ "Chicagoan Back on Leave After Scoring on Japs". Chicago Sunday Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. November 7, 1943. p. 132. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
  49. ^ "Marine Will Wed Daughter of Actress". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. March 12, 1944. p. 16. Retrieved December 19, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  50. ^ "California, County Marriages, 1850-1953". multiple county courthouses, California. 2022. Retrieved January 5, 2024 – via GenealogyBank.com.
  51. ^ "Looking at Hollywood with Hadda Hopper". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. November 5, 1944. p. 89. Retrieved January 4, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  52. ^ a b c Hopper, Hedda (December 2, 1944). "Marine Flyer Wins Daughter of Silent Star". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. p. 2. Retrieved December 19, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  53. ^ "California, U.S., County Birth, Marriage, and Death Records, 1849-1980". California Department of Public Health – Vital Records. 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
  54. ^ Realtor.com
  55. ^ a b "At Pacific Base". San Fernando Valley Times. San Fernando, California. June 7, 1945. p. 2. Retrieved December 26, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  56. ^ "U.S., Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS Death File, 1850-2010". NARA. 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
  57. ^ "Film Guild to Fill Posts". The Los Angeles Times. los Angeles, California. June 15, 1969. p. 227. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  58. ^ "Loot Hits $6000 in Wave of Sunset Strip Holdups". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. May 19, 1952. p. 1. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com. Lee Langer manager of Encore
  59. ^ "Four local Officers Advanced to Major in Marine Reserves". The Van Nuys News. Van Nuys, California. August 9, 1951. p. 43. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  60. ^ "U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014". NARA. 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2024. Lee Langer death February 24, 1995
  61. ^ "1940s Starlet dies in Bellevue". Lincoln Journal Star. Lincoln, Nebraska. March 29, 1999. p. 10. Retrieved December 19, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  62. ^ "Pioneer Film Director Dies". The Times (San Mateo). April 19, 1960. p. 19 – via newspapers.com.
  63. ^ "Silent Movie Star Ella Hall dies at the Age of 84". Ventura County Star. Ventura, California. September 5, 1981. p. 20. Retrieved January 20, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  64. ^ "California, Death Index, 1940-1997". California Department of Public Health – Vital Records. 2000. Retrieved January 20, 2024. Diana Marie Moxley died Los Angeles November 29, 1984
  65. ^ "North Hollywood Richard Emory". Ventura County Star. Ventura, California. March 3, 1994. p. 4. Retrieved January 20, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.

Bibliography

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