This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Elpis Melena" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Elpis Melena.

Elpis Melena (1818–1899, born as Marie Espérance von Schwartz) was a German writer.

Blick auf Calabrien und bei Liparischen Inseln im Jahre 1860, 1861

Daughter of a Hamburg banker, she was born in England and spent much of her early life in Italy and England. She was well known in connection with the movement for Italian unity and freedom and edited the first version of Garibaldi's memoirs in German, published in English in 1887. After first meeting Garibaldi on the island of Caprera in 1857 she received affectionate letters from him and an ultimately unsuccessful proposal of marriage in 1858.[1] After 1865 she lived in Chania.

She took interest in animal welfare and criticized animal testing. In 1875, she read a German translation of George Fleming's vivisection essay which inspired her anti-vivisection novel Gemma, oder Tugend und Laster (translated as Gemma, or Virtue and Vice).[2] Melena's novel has been described as "mobilizing public opinion against vivisection in Germany".[3]

References

  1. ^ Ridley, Jasper (2001). Garibaldi. London: Phoenix Press. ISBN 1-84212-152-9.
  2. ^ Linzey, Andrew. (2013). The Global Guide to Animal Protection. University of Illinois Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0252079191
  3. ^ Sax, Boria (1993). "Holocaust Images and Other Powerful Ambiguities in the Debates on Animal Experimentation: Further Thoughts". Anthrozoös. 6 (2): 108–114. doi:10.2752/089279393787002277. PMID 11654090.

External links

.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (May 2019) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 8,952 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Marie Espérance von Schwartz]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template ((Translated|de|Marie Espérance von Schwartz)) to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.
Authority control databases
Categories