You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.163.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 17:28, 10 March 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 18:27, 12 November 2023
- Expiry of block: 18:27, 12 November 2028
Your current IP address is 54.163.179.242. The blocked range is 54.163.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Welsh medieval cantref))
((refimprove|date=January 2019))
((about|an ancient district of Wales))
[[Image:LDEmlynCantref.png|thumb|250 px|right|Location of the cantref of Emlyn within ancient Dyfed]]
'''Emlyn''' was one of the seven [[cantref]]i of [[Kingdom of Dyfed|Dyfed]], an ancient district of [[Wales]], which became part of [[Deheubarth]] in around 950.  It consisted of the northern part of Dyfed bordering on the [[River Teifi]]. Its southern boundary followed the ridge of the line of hills separating the Teifi valley from the valleys of the [[River Tâf|Tâf]] and [[River Tywi|Tywi]].<ref>Richards, Melville, ''Welsh Administrative and Territorial Units'', UoW Press, 1969, p 268</ref>

==Geography==
The name derives from ''am'' (around, on both sides of) and ''glyn'' (valley), the valley in question being presumably the Cuch.<ref>Charles, B. G., ''The Placenames of Pembrokeshire'', National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth, 1992, ((ISBN|0-907158-58-7)), p 347</ref> The Cuch valley is the most prominent valley among the low foothills which lie between the [[Preseli Hills]] and [[Cambrian Mountains]], and Emlyn is essentially the region north of, and within, the gap between these landforms. As such, it was the first part of Dyfed to face invaders from [[Ceredigion]].

Its area was about ((convert|84|mi2|km2)). It was divided by the [[Afon Cych|River Cuch]] into the [[cwmwd|commotes]] of [[Cilgerran (hundred)|Emlyn Is Cuch]] (to the west) and [[Emlyn Uwch Cuch]] to the east. Its civil headquarters were divided between [[Cilgerran]] in the lower commote and [[Newcastle Emlyn]] in the upper. Its ecclesiastical centre (and perhaps, in the Age of the Saints, the seat of a bishop<ref>Williams, A. H., ''An Introduction to the History of Wales'': Volume I: ''Prehistoric Times to 1063'', UoWP, 1941, pp 120-121</ref>) was the church of St Llawddog at [[Cenarth]].

==History==
===Arnulf===
Following the [[Norman Conquest of England]], the ruler of [[Deheubarth]], [[Rhys ap Tewdwr]], accepted the suzerainty of the English king, [[William the Conqueror]], but when William died, Rhys, taking the view that his vassalage was for William's life only, attacked [[Worcester, England|Worcester]] ([[Rebellion of 1088|in alliance with other magnates]]).<ref>''The history of Wales, descriptive of the government, wars, manners, religion, laws, druids, bards, pedigrees and language of the ancient Britons and modern Welsh, and of the remaining antiquities of the principality'', John Jones, 1824, London, p. 63-64</ref> Rhys was subsequently killed in battle at Brecon, in 1093, and his land (in theory forfeit for rebelling against Norman suzerainty<ref name="EBLaw">''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', 1771, Edinburgh, volume 2, p.907, paragraph 23.</ref>) was almost immediately seized by various Norman magnates.

Sweeping south from [[Kingdom of Ceredigion|Ceredigion]],<ref>''Campaigns of the Norman Conquest'', Matthew Bennett, [[Routledge]], 2014, p. 65</ref> [[Arnulf de Montgomery]] took the lands between the [[Preseli Hills]] and [[Cambrian Mountains]] - Emlyn - and, passing south through them, conquered western Dyfed beyond it, establishing the [[Marcher Lord]]ship of [[Pembroke Castle|Pembroke]] in its place. With lands elsewhere, Arnulf appointed [[Gerald of Windsor]] as castellan; in about 1100, this castellan constructed [[Cilgerran Castle]], to counter challenges from Ceredigion, and control the cantref of Emlyn. That same year, the king((mdash))[[William Rufus]]((mdash))died.

The following year, Arnulf took part in an unsuccessful rebellion (led by [[Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury|his elder brother]]) against William's successor, [[Henry I of England|Henry I]], in aid of [[Robert Curthose]]'s claim to the throne.<ref>C. Warren Hollister, 'The Anglo-Norman Civil War: 1101', ''The English Historical Review'', Vol. 88, No. 347 (Apr. 1973), pp. 317–8</ref> As a rebel against Henry's suzerainty, his lands were forfeit.<ref name="EBLaw" /> The king kept the lands for himself, but unlike other areas of the Lordship of Pembroke, there was never a large scale settlement of [[Flanders|Flemings]] in Emlyn; it remained mostly [[Welsh language|Welsh]] speaking, as it continues today.

===Clare===
When [[The Anarchy]] broke out upon Henry's death, one of the rival claimants to the throne((mdash))[[Stephen of England|Stephen]]((mdash))in need of allies, gave the Marcher Lordship to [[Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke|Gilbert de Clare]] (a magnate with interests nearby), and to it attached the title [[Earl of Pembroke]]. The Anarchy also provided an opportunity for Rhys ap Tewdwr's son, [[Gruffydd ap Rhys|Gruffydd]], and his sons to raise an army and begin to reconstruct Deheubarth; starting with Ceredigion, by the 1150s they had reached as far south as [[Carmarthen]]. Though Stephen's successor, [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] launched a successful counter-attack, the situation was reversed by an uprising a few years later; Cilgerran Castle fell to Gruffydd's son, [[Rhys ap Gruffydd]], in 1166.<ref name=Turvey>''The Lord Rhys: Prince of Deheubarth'', R. Turvey, 1997, Gomer, p. 48–49.</ref>

By now, Gilbert de Clare's son, [[Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke|Richard]], had inherited the Lordship of Pembroke, now reduced to just [[Roose Hundred|Roose]] and [[Cantref of Penfro|Penfro]]. He had also inherited the Kingdom of [[Laigin]] (in [[jure uxoris]], at least according to English inheritance law); King Henry, concerned about the possibility of a Norman kingdom in Ireland not ruled by him, made peace with Rhys, appointing him [[Justiciar]] of all Deheubarth.<ref name=Turvey />

===Marshall===

However, when Rhys died, a violent succession dispute broke out between [[Maelgwn ap Rhys|his eldest son]] and [[Gruffydd ap Rhys II|his eldest legitimate son]], leading to the former attacking Cilgerran, and capturing it from the latter. Eventually the dispute completely fractured their authority, and Richard de Clare's son-in-law, [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke|William Marshal]] was able to recover the Lordship of Pembroke entirely, his power reaching Cilgerran in 1204.<ref>[[John Edward Lloyd]], ''A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest'', London, 1911, volume 2, p.619</ref>

Meanwhile, [[Llywelyn Fawr]], prince of [[Gwynedd]] took the opportunity to establish his hegemony over the Welsh princes. [[Henry III of England|King Henry III]] was not in a position to resist this, owing to troubles with his barons, and his own young age, until a stroke paralysed Llywelyn in 1237, and the birth of Henry's son [[Edward I of England|Edward]] two years later put the King in a much stronger political position with the nobility. In 1240, Henry managed to get Welsh princes to agree to the [[Treaty of Gloucester]], and Llywelyn Fawr died shortly thereafter. That same year, in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty, the princes of Deheubarth surrendered the lands they held, and were re-granted them as [[Honour (feudal barony)|honours]];<ref name="griff">''The Principality of Wales in the Later Middle Ages: The Structure and Personnel of Government, South Wales 1277'', Ralph A. Griffiths, 1972, Cardiff</ref><ref name="ludlow">''Carmarthen Castle: The Archaeology of Government'', Neil Ludlow, 2007, p. 21-22</ref> the king kept the Marcher Lordship of the land, while the princes became mere barons.<ref name="ludlow" /><ref name="griff" />

King Henry also ordered [[Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke|Gilbert]], William Marshal's son and successor, to hand over "a reasonable portion" of his lands to the king so that one of Rhys's grandsons, [[Maredudd ap Rhys|Maredudd ap Rhys Gryg]], could be enfeoffed with it; Maredudd and Gilbert's mothers were distant relations, and before Maredudd had reached adulthood, he had been Gilbert's ward.<ref name="Dryslwyn" /> To satisfy the king's demand, Gilbert gave Maredudd the section of Emlyn east of the Cuch - Emlyn Uwch Cych (((lang-en|Emlyn beyond the Cuch))).<ref>''History of Carmarthenshire'', [[John Edward Lloyd]], Cardiff, 1935, volume 1</ref> Early the following year, in a marriage that had probably been pre-arranged, Maredudd married Isobel, the illegitimate daughter of Gilbert's elder (but now deceased) brother, [[William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke|William]];<ref name="Dryslwyn">''Excavations at Dryslwyn Castle 1980-1995'', Chris Caple, 2007, p.</ref> he had effectively acquired Emlyn Uwch Cych as a dowry. Maredudd built a castle to control his part of Emlyn: [[Newcastle Emlyn Castle|Newcastle Emlyn]].

===The introduction of counties===
((unreferenced section|date=March 2019))
In 1282, the [[Statute of Rhuddlan]] converted the king's lands into counties, with those enfeoffed to Maredudd (including Emlyn Uwch Cych) becoming the main part of [[Carmarthenshire]]. Carmarthenshire was administratively subdivided into a number of [[Hundred (county division)|hundreds]], with Emlyn Uwch Cych falling within [[Elvet (hundred)|Elvet Hundred]]. Maredudd's son, [[Rhys ap Maredudd]] had by now inherited Maredudd's baronies, which continued to exist((mdash))though now within Carmarthenshire((mdash))until Rhys committed treason in 1287, attempting a rebellion.

The part of Emlyn west of the Cuch((mdash))Emlyn Is Cych (((lang-en|Emlyn on this side of the Cuch)))((mdash))remained part of the Marcher Lordship of Pembroke, which continued to be held by William Marshall's descendants until 1389, when [[John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke|the then Marcher Lord]] died without direct or male-line heirs; as a result, the territory defaulted to the crown. Decades later, the Marcher Lordship of Pembroke was transferred to a royal favourite, who then likewise died without legitimate children, causing it to revert once more to the crown, a pattern that would repeat itself throughout the 15th century; among others it was held by [[Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester|Duke Humphrey (of Gloucester)]], [[William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk|William de la Pole]] and [[Jasper Tudor]].

The last gifting of the Marcher Lordship of Pembroke, now attached to the title of Marquess, was from [[Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII]] to [[Anne Boleyn]] (shortly before he married her); later, at around the time she was on trial for treason, the king passed the first [[Laws in Wales Act]] in 1535, which abolished the status of Marcher Lords, and converted the Marcher Lordship of Pembroke, together with [[Dewisland]], into [[Pembrokeshire]]. Emlyn Is Cych became Pembrokeshire's [[Cilgerran Hundred]].

Emlyn's name lives on in several local place names, including Newcastle Emlyn.

==References==
((reflist))

((coord|52.033|-4.435|display=title|region:GB_scale:50000))

[[Category:Cantrefs]]
[[Category:History of Pembrokeshire]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Emlyn (edit)
Template:About (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Coord (view source) (protected)
Template:Em dash (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:ISBN (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang-en (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Mdash (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Refimprove (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Unreferenced (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Unreferenced section (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:About (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Check isxn (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Coordinates (view source) (protected)
Module:Coordinates/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Math (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Emlyn.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emlyn"