Emma Bonino OMRI CdrLH
Emma Bonino in 2017
Member of the Italian Senate
In office 23 March 2018 – 12 October 2022
Constituency	Rome
In office 29 April 2008 – 14 March 2013
Constituency	Piedmont
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office 28 April 2013 – 22 February 2014
Prime Minister	Enrico Letta
Preceded by	Mario Monti (Acting)
Succeeded by	Federica Mogherini
Minister of International Trade and European Affairs
In office 17 May 2006 – 7 May 2008
Prime Minister	Romano Prodi
Preceded by	Giorgio La Malfa (European Affairs)
Succeeded by	Andrea Ronchi (European Affairs) Claudio Scajola (Development)
Vice President of the Senate
In office 6 May 2008 – 15 March 2013
President	Renato Schifani
European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Protection
In office 25 January 1995 – 16 September 1999
President	Jacques Santer Manuel Marín (Acting)
Preceded by	Christiane Scrivener
Succeeded by	David Byrne
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
In office 5 July 1976 – 20 December 1978
Constituency	Rome
In office 13 June 1979 – 10 July 1983
Constituency	Rome
In office 5 December 1986 – 2 July 1987
Constituency	Naples
In office 10 July 1990 – 25 January 1995
Constituency	Naples (1990–1992) Rome (1992–1994) Padua (1994–1995)
In office 21 April 2006 – 28 April 2008
Constituency	Veneto
Member of the European Parliament
In office 17 July 1979 – 12 April 1988
Constituency	North-West Italy
In office 20 July 1999 – 27 April 2006
Constituency	North-West Italy (1999–2004) North-East Italy (2004–2006)
Personal details
Born	(1948-03-09) 9 March 1948 (age 75) Bra, Italy
Political party	Radical Party (before 1989) Pannella List (1989–1996) Bonino List (1996–2001) Italian Radicals (since 2001) More Europe (since 2017)
Other political affiliations	Transnational Radical Party (since 1989)
Alma mater	Bocconi University
Website	emmabonino.it

Emma Bonino OMRI, CdrLH (born 9 March 1948)^[1] is an Italian politician. A senator for Rome, she served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2013 to 2014. Previously, she was a Member of the European Parliament and a member of the Chamber of Deputies. She served in the government of Italy as minister of international trade from 2006 to 2008.

Bonino is a leading member of the Italian Radicals, a political party which describes itself "liberale, liberista, and libertario", where liberista denotes economic liberalism and libertario a form of cultural liberalism concerning moral issues, with some ideological connection with historical left-libertarianism. She graduated in modern languages and literature from Bocconi University in Milan in 1972. A veteran legislator in Italian politics and an activist for various reform policies, she was elected six times as deputy and two times as senator. She is the leader of More Europe, a liberal, European federalist party list she launched in December 2017, ahead of the 2018 Italian general election.

Personal life

Bonino never married nor bore children, even succumbing to the Italian authorities in 1975 after having an illegal abortion. She fostered children.^[2]

She graduated at Bocconi University in literature with a master thesis on Malcolm X's autobiography.^[3]

Bonino is a godmother of Countess Luana, elder daughter of Prince Friso and Princess Mabel of Orange-Nassau.

On 12 January 2015, she announced on Radio Radicale she was suffering from lung cancer and was being treated with chemotherapy, though she also stated she was not abandoning her political activity.^[4] On 21 May of the same year, on the same radio station, she announced her cancer was in complete remission.^[5]

National political career

Bonino was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies in 1976 and reelected in 1979, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1994 and 2006. In 1975, she founded the Information Centre on Sterilisation and Abortion and promoted the referendum which led to the legalisation of abortion in Italy. In 1986, she was among the promoters of a referendum against nuclear energy that led to the rejection of a civil nuclear energy programme in Italy.

On 17 May 2006, Bonino was appointed as minister for international trade in the cabinet of Romano Prodi.^[6] She resigned from office on 7 May 2008 when she had been elected vice president of the Senate the previous day. In 2008, at the elections of 13 and 14 April, she was elected to a seat in the Senate, the second parliamentary chamber, on the list of the Democratic Party for the Piedmont constituency.

On 28 April 2013, she was sworn in as foreign minister in the government led by Enrico Letta.

In June 2017, public opinion polls of her stood at 43 percent, second only to prime minister Paolo Gentiloni.^[7] Despite the positive public opinion, her party falls short of the 3 percent required for a seat in Parliament. In response, she has adopted the slogan "Love Me Less, Vote Me More."^[8][9]

Bonino was elected to the Senate of the Republic in the constituency of Rome – Gianicolense district at the 2018 general election.^[10]

International political career

Bonino was elected to the European Parliament in 1979 and re-elected in 1984 and 1999. She served as the Secretary of the Transnational Radical Party in 1993–94 and the party's president in 1991–1993. In October 1994, she was appointed head of the Italian Government delegation to the UN General Assembly for the "Moratorium on death penalty" initiative. From 1994 to 1999, she was European Commissioner responsible for Consumer Policy, Fisheries and the European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO). In 1997, her field of competence was widened to include consumer health protection and food safety.

From 14 to 17 May, 1998, she partecipated to the annual meeting of the Bilderberg Group at Turnberry, Scotland.^[11]

On 15 March 1999, together with all the Santer Commission, she resigned due to the accusations of fraud and mismanagement against commissioner Édith Cresson. The final report however leveled charges against most commissioners, including Bonino herself. In November 2002, she was appointed Head of the Italian Government delegation at the Inter-governmental Conference of the Community of Democracies in Seoul.

Along with Marco Pannella, another member of the Radical Party, Bonino has fought numerous battles for civil rights and individual liberty, mainly concerned with divorce, the legalisation of abortion, the legalisation of drugs, and for sexual and religious freedoms. She has fought for an end to capital punishment, against female genital mutilation, and the eradication of world hunger. In 1975, Bonino funded the information centre for abortion (CISA), and in 1997 she supported the international movement condemning the discrimination of females in Afghanistan, Un Fiore per le Donne di Kabul (A Flower for the Women of Kabul). Bonino is also a champion of the recognition of women's rights in the countries of the African Union through the Maputo protocol. She is a founder of the nongovernmental organizations No Peace Without Justice, which supports the international protection and promotion of human rights and democracy, and Nessuno Tocchi Caino (Let None Strike Cain), which is an international league that fights for the abolition of the death penalty.^[12]

In June 1999, she obtained a historic percentage of votes (8.5%) in the European elections (vs. the usual 2–3% that Radicals got in the previous and subsequent elections). Her list (Lista Bonino) won seven of 78 Italian seats in this election.

Bonino supported the NATO intervention in Kosovo in the spring of 1999. From 1999 to 2004, the Lista Bonino was non-affiliated, as it was founded with a claim to not adhere to the traditional centre-left versus centre-right politics, rather remaining in the middle to maximize any potential bargaining power.^[13] In the case Emma Bonino and Others v Parliament and Council (Case T-40/04), the Emma Bonino List contested before the Court of Justice of the European Union that its exclusion from Community funding due to not qualifying as a party on the 'European level' was discriminatory. The court dismissed this argument as inadmissible, establishing that measures do not necessarily need to legally affect an applicant in order for the case to directly affect them.^[14] Since 2004, it is part of the ALDE group.

In 2002, Bonino in cooperation with the Associazione Italiana Donne per lo Sviluppo (AIDOS, Italian Association for the Development of Women), called an Italian Parliament meeting to discuss genital mutilation. Bonino led the ceremonies, which gathered medical experts, ambassadors, and politicians to review graphic information about the practice of female genital mutilation in African countries. During this meeting, Bonino recounted her travels through Somalia, Egypt, Tanzania, The Gambia, and Ethiopia, where she learned about these rural practices by meeting women who participated in projects to stop them. Many African women who suffered from genital mutilation discussed there firsthand experiences. At the conclusion of the meeting, the Prime Minister Berlusconi congratulated Bonino on her accomplishments in this cause and presented the leader of AIDOS with a check for the European Campaign.^[15]

In December 2001, she moved to Cairo with the objective of learning the Arabic language and culture. In March 2003, she started a daily review of the Arabic press on Radical Radio. In January 2004, she organized the "Regional Conference on Democracy, Human Rights and the role of the International Penal Court", the first for an Arabic country. She is currently a board member of the Arab Democracy Foundation.

Bonino was a board member of DARA until December 2012. In 2016, she was appointed by Erik Solheim, the Chairman of the Development Assistance Committee, to serve on the High Level Panel on the Future of the Development Assistance Committee under the leadership of Mary Robinson.^[16]

Bonino writes opinion editorials and commentaries for both the Inter Press Service News Agency and Project Syndicate, discussing contemporary international issues including Syrian refugees affecting Europe, abolishing the death penalty, relations between Iran and Europe, and the poor treatment of the indigenous people of South East Asia.^{[17][18][19][20]}

Philanthropy and charitable causes

Bonino is a member of the eminent international Council of Patrons of the Asian University for Women (AUW) in Chittagong, Bangladesh. The University, which is the product of foundational partnerships (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Open Society Foundation, IKEA Foundation, etc) and regional cooperation, serves extraordinarily talented women from 15 countries across Asia and the Middle East.^[21][22]

During an interview published by the Italian daily Corriere della Sera on 8 February 2016, Pope Francis defined Bonino as one of the nation’s "forgotten greats", comparing her to great historical figures such as Konrad Adenauer and Robert Schuman.^[23]

Recognition

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic – awarded on 21 December 2015^[24]

In 1999 Bonino was one of the two winners of the North-South Prize,^[25] an award that honors individuals with accomplishment in the protection of human rights, pluralistic democracy, and improvement of North-South relations.

For her battles and engagements with controversial issues, her engagement in the promotion of human rights and civil rights in the world, she received the "Open Society Prize 2004" and "Prix Femmes d'Europe 2004" for Italy.^{[citation needed]}

She received the America Award of the Italy-USA Foundation in 2013,^{[citation needed]} and she was also recognized as one of the BBC's 100 women in this same year.^[26]

Electoral history

Election	House	Constituency	Party		Votes	Result
1976	Chamber of Deputies	Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone		PR	12,855	Y Elected
1979	Chamber of Deputies	Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone		PR	33,595	Y Elected
1979	European Parliament	North-West Italy		PR	51,445	Y Elected
1983	Chamber of Deputies	Naples–Caserta		PR	7,797	N Not Elected
1984	European Parliament	North-West Italy		PR	28,319	Y Elected
1987	Chamber of Deputies	Naples–Caserta		PR	6,515	N Not Elected
1992	Chamber of Deputies	Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone		LP	3,470	Y Elected
1994	Chamber of Deputies	Padua		LP	36,881	Y Elected
1999	European Parliament	North-West Italy		LB	421,770	Y Elected
2004	European Parliament	North-East Italy		LB	50,281	Y Elected
2006	Chamber of Deputies	Veneto 2		RnP	–[a]	Y Elected
2008	Senate of the Republic	Piedmont		RI[b]	–[a]	Y Elected
2018	Senate of the Republic	Rome		+E	112,425	Y Elected

First-past-the-post elections