An English exonym is a name in the English language for a place (a toponym), or occasionally other terms, which does not follow the local usage (the endonym). Exonyms and endonyms are features of all languages, and other languages may have their own exonym for English endonyms, for example Llundain is the Welsh exonym for the English endonym "London".

Romanization, or transcription of a non-Latin alphabet endonym into a Latin alphabet, is not generally regarded as creating exonyms: "The application of any scientifically sound romanization system to a non-Roman endonym merely re-creates that original endonym in another legitimate form" (Päll, 2002).^[1][2] However old romanization systems may leave a legacy of "familiar" spellings, as in the case of, for example, romanization of Burmese.^[3] This affects romanization of Arabic, romanization of Chinese, and many other non-Latin alphabet place names.

Translations of non-proper nouns such as "river" and "lake" also do not qualify as exonyms.

A less common form of exonym is usage for names and titles. Personal exonyms are typically limited to regnal names such as popes (John Paul II) and monarchs (Charles V); less commonly, well-known historical authors (John Calvin, for French Jean Calvin) are referred to by exonyms. The list does not include the list of English translated personal names.

General

This section lists English-language exonyms that are for places located in multiple countries, English names of countries, and typical patterns.

Countries and territories

The following is a list of countries and territories whose names in local languages differ from their (non-local) English ones. The list includes countries with limited recognition, autonomous territories of sovereign countries, and fully sovereign countries.

Country names are listed in their short form, and do not include names spelled identically in English. Near-identical names in pronunciation or spelling are included, but countries named with non-proper nouns (like Central African Republic or United Arab Emirates) are not. It is debatable whether the mere omission of a diacritical mark (as in several instances in the table below) creates an exonym.

The languages listed are official languages and/or prominent local languages, except if the name for the associated country is spelled the same as in English. Languages in italics are no longer spoken in the given country, but the name listed retains some use.

Likewise, exonyms in italics are obsolete or are disputed.

Countries and territories

English name	Endonym	Language
Abkhazia	Aṗsny (Аԥсны)	Abkhaz
	Abkhaziya (Абхазия)	Russian
Afghanistan	Afġānestān (افغانستان)	Dari
	Afġānistān (افغانستان)	Pashto
Albania	Shqipëri(a)	Standard Albanian
	Shqipyni(a)	Gheg Albanian
Algeria	Al-Dzāyīr (الدزاير)	Maghrebi Arabic
	Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر)	Standard Arabic
Armenia	Hayastan (Հայաստան)	Armenian
Austria	Österreich	Standard German
Azerbaijan	Azərbaycan	Azeri
Bahrain	Al-Baḥrayn (البحرين)	Standard Arabic
Bangladesh	বাংলাদেশ (Bangladesh)	Bengali
Belarus	Byelarus’ (Беларусь)	Belarusian
		Russian
Belgium	België	Dutch
	Belgien	Standard German
	Belgique	French
Benin	Bénin	French
Bhutan	Druk Yul (འབྲུག་ཡུལ་)	Dzongkha
Bolivia	Mborivia	Guarani
	Puliwya	Quechua
	Wuliwya	Aymara
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Bosna & Hercegovina (Босна & Херцеговина)	Bosnian
Brazil	Brasil	Portuguese
Bulgaria	Balgariya (България)	Bulgarian
Burkina Faso	Burkĩna Faso	Mossi
Burundi	Uburundi	Kirundi
Cambodia	Kampuciə (កម្ពុជា)	Khmer
Cameroon	Cameroun	French
	Kamerun	Fula
Cape Verde	Cabo Verde	Portuguese
	Kabu Verdi	Cape Verdean Creole
Chad	Tchad	French
	Tshād (تشاد)	Standard Arabic
Chile	Chili	Aymara
	Chli	Mapudungun
	Chili	Quechua
	Tire	Rapa Nui
China	Zhōngguó (中国)	Mandarin
Colombia	Colombia	Spanish
Comoros	Comores	French
	Juzur Al-Qamar (جزر القمر)	Standard Arabic
	Komori	Comorian
Congo-Brazzaville	Kongó	Lingala
	Kôngo-Balazvile	Kongo
Congo-Kinshasa	Kongo	Luba-Katanga
	Kongó-Kinsásá	Lingala
	Kôngo	Kongo
	Kongu	Swahili
Cook Islands	Kūki 'Āirani	Cook Islands Maori
Croatia	Hrvatska	Croatian
Cyprus	Kıbrıs	Turkish
	Kýpros (Κύπρος)	Greek
Czech Republic, Czechia	Česká republika, Česko	Czech
Denmark	Danmark	Danish
Djibouti	Jabuuti	Somali
	Jībūtī (جيبوتي)	Standard Arabic
	Yibuuti	Afar
Dominica	Dominique	French
	Wai'tu kubuli	Island Carib
East Timor	Timor-Leste	Portuguese
	Timór Lorosa'e	Tetum
Ecuador	Ekuatur	Shuar
	Ikwayur	Quechua
Egypt	Maṣr (مَصر)	Egyptian Arabic
	Miṣr (مِصر)	Standard Arabic
Eritrea	Ertra (ኤርትራ)	Tigrinya
	‘Iritriyā (إرتريا)	Standard Arabic
Estonia	Eesti	Estonian
Ethiopia	Itiyoophiyaa	Afar
	Itoobiya	Somali
	Itoophiyaa	Oromo
	ʾĪtyōṗṗyā (ኢትዮጵያ)	Amharic
		Tigrinya
Fiji	Fijī (फ़िजी)	Fiji Hindi
	Viti	Fijian
Finland	Suomi	Finnish
France	France	French
Gambia	Gámbi	Wolof
	Kambiya	Mandinka
Georgia	Sakartvelo (საქართველო)	Georgian
Germany	Deutschland	Standard German
Ghana	Gaana	Twi
Greece	Elládha (Ελλάδα)	Greek
Grenada	La Gwenad	Grenadian Creole
Guinea-Bissau	Guiné-Bissau	Portuguese
Guinea-Conakry	Ginea-Conakry	Fula
	Guinée-Conakry	French
Haiti	Ayiti	Haitian Creole
	Haïti	French
Honduras	Honduras	Spanish
Hong Kong	Xiānggǎng	Chinese
Hungary	Magyarország	Hungarian
Iceland	Ísland	Icelandic
India	Bhaaratham (ഭാരതം)	Malayalam
	Bhārat (भारत)	Marathi
		Dogri
		Hindi
		Maithili
		Nepali
	Bhārat (ભારત)	Gujarati
	Bhārat (بًارت \ भारत)	Kashmiri
	Bhārat (بھارت \ ਭਾਰਤ)	Punjabi
	Bhārat (ڀارت \ भारत)	Sindhi
	Bhārat (بھارت)	Urdu
	Bhārata (ಭಾರತ)	Kannada
	Bhāratam (भारतम्)	Sanskrit
	Bhārathadeśaṁ (భారతదేశం)	Telugu
	Bhāratham (பாரதம்)	Tamil
	Bharot (भारत)	Konkani
	Bhārot (ভারত)	Bengali
	Bhārôt (ভাৰত)	Assamese
		Meitei
	Bhārôt (भारत)	Bodo
	Bhārôtô (ଭାରତ)	Odia
	Siñôt (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)	Santali
Iran	Irān (ایران)	Persian
Iraq	Al-'Irāq (اَلْعِرَاق)	Standard Arabic
	Êraq (عێراق)	Kurdish
Ireland	Éire	Irish
Israel	Isrā'īl (إِسْرَائِيل)	Standard Arabic
	Yisraél (ישראל)	Hebrew
Italy	Italia	Standard Italian
Ivory Coast	Côte d'Ivoire	French
Japan	Nihon / Nippon (日本)	Japanese
Jordan	Al-'Urdunn (الأردن)	Standard Arabic
Kazakhstan	Qazaqstan (Қазақстан)	Kazakh
Kosovo	Kosovë	Albanian
Kuwait	Al-Kuwait (الكويت)	Standard Arabic
	il-Ikwēt (الكويت)	Gulf Arabic
Kyrgyzstan	Kırǧızstan (Кыргызстан)	Kyrgyz
Laos	Lāo (ລາວ)	Lao
Latvia	Latvija	Latvian
	Lețmō	Livonian
Lebanon	Libnēn (لبنان)	Levantine Arabic
	Lubnān (لبنان)	Standard Arabic
Libya	Lībiyā (ليبيا)	Standard Arabic
Lithuania	Lietuva	Lithuanian
Luxembourg	Lëtzebuerg	Luxembourgish
	Luxemburg	Standard German
Madagascar	Madagasikara	Malagasy
Malawi	Malaŵi	Chewa
		Tumbuka
Malaysia	Mǎláixīyà (马来西亚)	Mandarin
Maldives	Dhivehi Raajje (ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ )	Dhivehi
Mali	Mālī (مالي)	Standard Arabic
Marshall Islands	Aorōkin M̧ajeļ	Marshallese
Mauritania	Agawej	Berber
	Cengiṭ	Berber
	Gànnaar	Wolof
	Mauritanie	French
	Moritani	Pulaar
	Mūrītānyā (موريتانيا)	Standard Arabic
	Murutaane	Soninke
Mauritius	Maurice	French
	Moris	Mauritian Creole
Mexico	México	Spanish
	Mēxihco	Nahuatl
Moldova	Moldaviya (Молдавия)	Russian
Monaco	Mónegue	Occitan
	Mùnegu	Ligurian
Mongolia	Mongol Uls (Монгол Улс)	Mongolian
Montenegro	Crna Gora (Црна Гора)	Montenegrin
Morocco	Al-Maġrib (المغرب)	Standard Arabic
	lmeɣrib (ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ)	Standard Moroccan Tamazight
	Maroc	French
Mozambique	Moçambique	Portuguese
	Msumbiji	Swahili
	Mozambiki	Chewa
	Muzambhiki	Tsonga
Myanmar	Myǎma (မြန်မာ)	Burmese
Namibia	Namibië	Afrikaans
Nauru	Naoero	Nauruan
Nepal	Nepāl (नेपाल)	Nepali
Netherlands	Nederland	Dutch
New Zealand	Aotearoa	Maori
Niger	Al-Nayjar (النيجر)	Standard Arabic
Nigeria	Naìjíríyà	Igbo
	Naìjíríyà	Yoruba
	Najeriya	Hausa
Niue	Niuē	Niuean
North Korea	Chosǒn (조선)	Korean
North Macedonia	Maqedonia e Veriut	Albanian
	Severna Makedonija (Северна Македонија)	Macedonian
Norway	Nöörja	Southern Sami
	Noreg	Norwegian Nynorsk
	Norga	Northern Sami
	Norge	Norwegian Bokmål
	Vuodna	Lule Sami
Oman	'Umān (عمان)	Standard Arabic
Pakistan	Pākistān (پاکِستان)	Urdu
Palau	Belau	Palauan
	Parao (パラオ)	Japanese
Palestine	Filasṭīn (فلسطين)	Standard Arabic
Panama	Panamá	Spanish
Papua New Guinea	Papua Niu Gini	Hiri Motu
	Papua Niugini	Tok Pisin
Paraguay	Paraguái	Guarani
	Paraguay	Spanish
Peru	Perú	Spanish
	Piruw	Aymara
		Quechua
Philippines	Pilipinas	Tagalog
Poland	Polska	Polish
Portugal	Portugal	Portuguese
Qatar	Giṭar (قطر)	Gulf Arabic
	Qaṭar (قطر)	Standard Arabic
Romania	România	Romanian
Russia	Rossíya (Росси́я)	Russian
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Saint Christopher and Nevis	English
Samoa	Sāmoa	Samoan
Saudi Arabia	al-Suʿūdiyya (ٱلسُّعُودِيَّة)	Standard Arabic
Senegal	Senegaal	Wolof
	Sénégal	French
Serbia	Srbija	Serbian
Seychelles	Sesel	Seychellois Creole
Singapore	Ciṅkappūr (சிங்கப்பூர்)	Tamil
	Singapura	Malay
	Xīnjiāpō (新加坡)	Mandarin
Slovakia	Slovensko	Slovak
Slovenia	Slovenija	Slovene
Somalia	aṣ-Ṣūmāl (الصومال)	Standard Arabic
	Soomaaliya	Somali
Somaliland	Ṣūmālīlānd (صوماليلاند)	Standard Arabic
South Korea	Hanguk (한국)	Korean
South Sudan	Paguot Thudän	Dinka
South Ossetia	Alaniya (Алания)	Russian
	Allonston (Аллонстон)	Ossetian
Spain	Espainia	Basque
	España	Galician
		Spanish
	Espanha	Occitan
	Espanya	Catalan
Sri Lanka	Ilaṅkai (இலங்கை)	Tamil
	Śrī Laṁkā (ශ්‍රී ලංකා)	Sinhala
Sudan	as-Sūdān (السودان)	Standard Arabic
Sweden	Sverige	Swedish
Switzerland	Helvetia	Latin
	Schweiz	Standard German
	Suisse	French
	Svizra	Romansh
	Svizzera	Standard Italian
Syria	Sūriyā (سوريا)	Standard Arabic
Taiwan	Tâiuân (臺灣)	Hokkien
	Táiwān (臺灣)	Mandarin
	Taywan	Amis
	Tǒivǎn (臺灣)	Hakka
Tajikistan	Tojikiston (Тоҷикистон)	Tajik
Thailand	Pratheṣ̄thịy (ประเทศไทย)	Thai
Transnistria	Nistrenia (Нистрения)	Romanian
	Pridnestrovye (Приднестровье)	Russian
	Prydnistrovya (Придністров'я)	Ukrainian
Tunisia	Tunest	Berber
	Tunisie	French
	Tūnis (تونس)	Standard Arabic
Turkey	Türkiye	Turkish
Turkmenistan	Türkmenistan	Turkmen
Uganda	Yuganda	Luganda
Ukraine	Ukrajina (Україна)	Ukrainian
Uzbekistan	Oʻzbekiston (Ўзбекистон)	Uzbek
Vatican City	Stato della Città del Vaticano	Standard Italian
	Status Civitatis Vaticanae	Latin
Vietnam	Việt Nam	Vietnamese
Yemen	Al-Yaman (اَلْيَمَنُ)	Standard Arabic

Other territories

The following is a list of other territories/regions which are not deemed as countries or sovereign states.

Other territories

English name	Endonym	Language
Alsace	Elsass	German
	Elsàss	Alsatian
Basque Country	País Vasco	Spanish
	Euskadi	Basque
Bavaria	Bayern	German
	Boarn	Bavarian
Bohemia	Čechy	Czech
	Böhmen	German
Brittany	Bretagne	French
	Breizh	Breton
Catalonia	Catalunya	Catalan
	Cataluña	Spanish
Cornwall	Kernow	Cornish
Corsica	Corse	French
Crimea	Krym (Крым)	Russian
	Krym (Крим )	Ukrainian
	Qırım	Crimean Tatar
Faroe Islands	Færøerne	Danish
	Føroyar	Faroese
Flanders	Vlaanderen	Dutch
Friesland	Fryslân	Frisian
Galicia	Galiza	Galician
Greenland	Grønland	Danish
	Kalaallit Nunaat	Greenlandic
Hawaii	Hawai‘i	Hawaiian
Kashubia	Kaszuby	Polish
	Kaszëbë	Kashubian
Kurdistan	Kurdistan (کوردستان)	Sorani Kurdish
	Kurdistān (كردستان)	Arabic
		Persian
	Kürdistan	Turkish
	K’urdistan (Քուրդիստան)	Armenian
	Kurdıstan	Zazaki
Lombardy	Lombardia	Italian
Moravia	Morava	Czech
	Mähren	German
Normandy	Normandie	French
	Normaundie	Norman
Northern Ireland	Tuaisceart Éireann	Irish
	Norlin Airlann	Ulster Scots
Occitania	Occitanie	French
	Occitània	Occitan
Piedmont	Piemonte	Italian
	Piemont	Piedmontese
Pomerania	Pomorze	Polish
	Pommern	German
Quebec	Québec	French
Sardinia	Sardegna	Italian
	Sardigna	Sardinian
Scotland	Alba	Scottish Gaelic
Sicily	Sicilia	Italian
		Sicilian
Silesia	Śląsk	Polish
	Slezsko	Czech
	Ślōnsk	Silesian
	Schlesien	German
Tibet	Xīzàng (西藏)	Mandarin
	Böd (བོད)	Tibetan
Wales	Cymru	Welsh
Wallonia	Wallonie	French

Specific countries

Albania

 Albania Shqipëria

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Durazzo	Durrës	Albanian	Dated, Italian name
Tirana	Tiranë	Albanian	Tirana is Albanian for "the Tirana"

Algeria

 Algeria Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Algiers	Al-Jazā'ir (الجَزائر)	Standard Arabic
Constantine	Qusanṭīnah (قسنطينة)	Standard Arabic
Oran	Wahrān (وَهران)	Standard Arabic

Name of the country and its capital city in Arabic, Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر), is Arabic for "the islands".^[4]

Armenia

 Armenia Hayastan (Հայաստան)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Ararat Plain	Araratyan dasht (Արարատյան դաշտ)	Armenian
	Iğdır Ovası	Turkish
Yerevan	Erevan (Երևան)	Armenian	Armenian place pronounced like English name

Australia

Most places in Australia have additional names in various indigenous Australian languages.

 Australia

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Ayers Rock	Uluru	Pitjantjatjara	Dated
Rose Hill	Parramatta	Dharug	Archaic
Tasmania	Lutruwita	Nuenonne / Palawa kani

Austria

 Austria Österreich

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Ammergau Alps	Ammergebirge[5]	German
Bavarian Prealps	Bayerische Voralpen[5]	German
Brenner Pass	Brennerpass[5]	German
Carinthia	Kärnten[6][5]	German
Carpathian Basin	Karpatenbecken[5]	German
Danube river	Donau[6]	German
Drava	Drau[5]	German
Drave	Drau[5]	German	Dated
Lake Constance	Bodensee[6][5]	German
Northern Limestone Alps	Nördliche Kalkalpen[5]	German
Southern Limestone Alps	Südliche Kalkalpen[5]	German
Styria	Steiermark[6][5]	German
Tyrol	Tirol[5]	German
Vienna	Wien[6]	German
Wetterstein	Wettersteingebirge[5]	German

Azerbaijan

 Azerbaijan Azərbaycan

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Baku	Bakı	Azeri
Barda	Bərdə	Azeri
Caucasus	Qafqaz	Azeri
Ganja	Gəncə	Azeri
Lachin	Laçın	Azeri
Sumgait	Sumqayıt	Azeri

Belarus

 Belarus (Беларус)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bielorussia, Byelorussia	Belorussia	Belarusian, Russian	obsolete
White Russia	Belorussia	Belarusian, Russian	obsolete

Belgium

Historically, English borrowed French names for many places in Dutch-speaking areas of Belgium. With a few exceptions this practice is no longer followed by most sources.^[7]

 Belgium België/ Belgique

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Antwerp	Antwerpen	Dutch
Bruges	Brugge	Dutch	French name
Brussels	Brussel	Dutch
	Bruxelles	French
Courtrai	Kortrijk	Dutch	Archaic, French name
Filford	Vilvoorde	Dutch	Archaic
Flanders	Vlaanderen	Dutch
Gaunt	Gent	Dutch	Archaic
Ghent	Gent	Dutch
Louvain	Leuven	Dutch	Archaic, French name
Mechlin	Mechelen	Dutch	Archaic
Ostend	Oostende	Dutch
Wallonia	Wallonie	French
Ypres	Ieper	Dutch	French name

Bosnia & Herzegovina

 Bosnia & Herzegovina Bosna & Hercegovina (Босна & Херцеговина)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bosnia	Bosna (Босна)	Bosnian
Herzegovina	Hercegovina (Херцеговина)	Bosnian	German spelling, English name pronounced the same
Narenta	Neretva (Неретва)	Bosnian	Italian name, sometimes used in English

Bulgaria

 Bulgaria Balgariya (България)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Balkan Mountains	Stara Planina (Стара Планина)	Bulgarian
Danube river	Dunav (Дунав)	Bulgarian
Philippopolis	Plovdiv (Пловдив)	Bulgarian	Archaic
Rhodope Mountains	Rodopi (Родопи)	Bulgarian
Sofia	Sofiya (София)	Bulgarian
Southern Dobruja	Dobrudzha (Добруджа)	Bulgarian	Bulgarian half of former Dobruja region
Thrace	Trakiya (Тракия)	Bulgarian

Canada

Numerous places in the predominantly French speaking province of Quebec have historically had English exonyms; in most cases, the exonym was a straight translation of the place's French name, with only one major city^[which?] which ever had an English exonym that was entirely different from its original French name. With a few exceptions, such as Quebec City, these are no longer widely used. Exonyms are also commonly seen with regard to First Nations and Inuit peoples and communities; although government and media sources have evolved in recent years toward using these places' native endonyms, common usage may still favour the older exonyms.

 Canada

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Arctic Red River	Tsiigehtchic	Gwich'in	Archaic
Big Trout Lake	Kitchenuhmaykoosib	Oji-Cree
Cambridge Bay	Iqaluktuuttiaq	Inuinnaqtun
Chesterfield Inlet	Igluligaarjuk (ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒑᕐᔪᒃ)	Inuktitut
Fort Franklin	Délįnę	Sahtu	Archaic
Fort Hope	Eabametoong	Ojibwe
Fort Norman	Tulita	Sahtu	Archaic
Fraserville	Rivière-du-Loup	French	Archaic
Frobisher Bay	Iqaluit (ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ)	Inuktitut	Archaic
Gjoa Haven	Uqsuqtuuq (ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᖅ)	Inuktitut
Holman	Ulukhaktok	Inuinnaqtun	Archaic
Harrington Lake	Lac Mousseau	French
Iroquois River	Rivière Richelieu	French	Archaic
Island of Orleans	Île d'Orléans	French
Lansdowne House	Neskantaga	Oji-Cree
Mount Royal	Mont-Royal	French
Quebec City	Québec	French
Queen Charlotte Island	Haida Gwaii	Haida	Archaic
Rankin Inlet	Kangiqliniq (ᑲᖏᕿᓂᖅ)	Inuktitut
Saint Andrew	Saint-André-d'Argenteuil	French	Archaic
Saint John	Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu	French	Archaic
Summer Beaver	Nibinamik (ᓃᐱᓇᒥᐦᐠ)	Ojibwe
The River Ouse	La Rivière Grand	French	Archaic
	Kenhionhata:tie	Mohawk
Three Rivers	Trois-Rivières	French	Archaic
Two Mountains	Deux-Montagnes	French	Archaic
Whale Cove	Tikiraqjuaq (ᑎᑭᕋᕐᔪᐊᖅ)	Inuktitut

Cambodia

During the Khmer Rogue period (1975–1979), the country was known in English as Democratic Kampuchea, closer to the endonym than its modern English exonym. The English exonym of Cambodia is based on the French exonym, Cambodge. The endonym is sometimes used in English, but the exonym is far more common.

 Cambodia Kampuchea (កម្ពុជា)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Mekong River	Tonle Mekongk (ទន្លេមេគង្គ)	Khmer
Phnom Penh	Phnum Pénh (ភ្នំពេញគ)	Khmer
Sihanoukville	Krong Preah Sihanouk (ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ)	Khmer
	Kampong Som (កំពង់សោម)	Khmer

Central African Republic

 Central African Republic Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka / République centrafricaine

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bangi	Bangî	Sango	Bangi is occasionally used in English
	Bangui	French

Chile

 Chile

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Easter Island	Isla de Pascua	Spanish
	Rapa Nui	Rapa Nui
Fireland[8]	Tierra del Fuego	Spanish	Obsolete

China

Some of the apparent "exonyms" for China are the result of change in romanization of Chinese to modern pinyin, for example "Tientsin" to "Tianjin". Other apparent exonyms are the result of the English name being based on one of the other varieties of Chinese besides Mandarin. Additionally, certain names which may now be considered exonyms actually preserve older Mandarin pronunciations which have changed in the intervening centuries.^[9][10] For all areas in mainland China, names written in Chinese are written in simplified characters. For all areas in the special administrative regions (SARs), the names will be written in traditional characters.

 China Zhōngguó (中国)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Amoy	Amoy	Min Nan[11]	Archaic
	Xiàmén (厦门)	Mandarin
	Ē-mn̂g	Amoy
	Ē-mûi	Amoy
Canton	Guǎngzhōu (广州)	Mandarin	Archaic
	Gwong2 Zau1	Cantonese	Archaic
Changbai Mountain	Chángbáishān (长白山)	Mandarin
	Paektusan (백두산)	Korean
Chengchow	Zhèngzhōu (郑州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Chengtu	Chéngdū (成都)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Chungking	Chóngqìng (重庆)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Foochow	Fúzhōu (福州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Forbidden City	Gùgōng (故宫), Zĭjìnchéng (紫禁城)	Mandarin	Means "Ancient Palace" and "Purple Forbidden City" respectively
Fukien	Fújiàn (福建)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Gobi Desert	Gēbì Shāmò (戈壁沙漠)	Mandarin
	Govi (ᠭᠣᠪᠢ)	Mongolian
Hangchow	Hángzhōu (杭州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Heilungkiang	Hēilóngjiāng (黑龙江)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
	Khejluntszyan (Хэйлунцзян)	Russian
Hohhot	Kökeqota (ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ)	Mongolian
	Hūhéhàotè (呼和浩特) / Hūshì (呼市)	Mandarin
Hokkien	Fújiàn (福建)	Hokkien	Archaic, but survives in English name of the language
Hong Kong	Hoeng1 Gong2 (香港)	Cantonese
	Xiānggǎng	Mandarin
Inner Mongolia	Öbür mongɣul (ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ)	Mongolian
	Nèi Mĕnggǔ (内蒙古)	Mandarin
Kalgan	Kalgan(ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ)	Mongolian
	Zhāngjiākŏu (张家口) / Kālāgàn (喀拉干)	Mandarin	Archaic
Kwangchow	Gwong2 Zau1	Cantonese
	Guǎngzhōu (广州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Kweilin	Gveilinz	Zhuang
	Guìlín (桂林)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Lop Nor / Lop Nur	Luóbùpō (罗布泊)	Mandarin
	Lob Nughur (ᠯᠣᠪ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ)	Mongolian script
	Lop Nur (لوپنۇر)	Uighur
Macau	Ou3 mun2 (澳門)	Cantonese
	Àomén (澳门)	Mandarin
Mekong River	Méigōnghé (湄公河)	Mandarin
Mount Everest	Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng (珠穆朗玛峰)	Mandarin
	Chomolungma (ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ)	Tibetan
Mukden	Mukden	Manchu[12]	Archaic
	Shěnyáng (沈阳)	Mandarin
Nanking	Nánjīng (南京)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Paotou	Bāotóu (包头)	Mandarin	Obsolete English spelling
	Buɣutu qota (ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ)	Mongolian
Peking	Běijīng (北京)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Port Arthur	Dàlián (大连)	Mandarin	Archaic
Santow	Shàntóu (汕头)	Mandarin	Archaic
Shaanxi	Shǎnxī (陕西)	Mandarin	Name spelled using Guoyeu Romatzyh romanization, as the name would be the same as Shanxi using pinyin without tones.
Sian	Xī'ān (西安)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Sinkiang	Xīnjiāng (新疆)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Soochow	Sūzhōu (苏州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Swatow	Shàntóu (汕头)	Mandarin
	Suan1tao5 (汕头)	Teochew	English orthography close to Teochew pronunciation (Teochew 'n' sound is nasal)
Tibet	Bod (བོད)	Tibetan
	Xīzàng (西藏)	Mandarin
Tsingtao	Qīngdăo (青岛)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Yangtze River	Cháng jiāng (長江／长江)	Mandarin	Based on the archaic name Yángzĭ Jiāng (揚子江／扬子江)
Yellow River	Huáng Hé (黃河)	Mandarin
Yenchi	Yánjí (延吉)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
	Yenji (옌지), Yǒnkil (연길)	Korean
Yenki	Yenji (옌지), Yǒnkil (연길)	Korean
	Yánjí (延吉)	Mandarin

Croatia

 Croatia Hrvatska

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Danube	Dunav	Croatian
Dalmatia	Dalmacija	Croatian
Istria	Istra	Croatian
Ragusa	Dubrovnik	Croatian	Historical exonym
Zara	Zadar	Croatian	Historical exonym

Cuba

 Cuba

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bay of Pigs	Bahía de Cochinos	Spanish	Cochino is one of several Spanish words used to define "pig"
Havana	(La) Habana	Spanish

Cyprus

 Cyprus Kýpros/ Kıbrıs

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Place	Language
Famagusta	Ammokhóstos (Αμμόχωστος)	Greek
	Gazimaǧusa	Turkish
Kyrenia	Girne	Turkish
	Kerýneia (Κερύνεια)	Greek
Limassol	Lemesós (Λεμεσός)	Greek
	Limasol	Turkish
Nicosia	Lefkoşa	Turkish
	Lefkosía (Λευκωσία)	Greek

Czech Republic

Historically, English-language sources used German names for many places in what is now the Czech Republic. With some exceptions (such as the Elbe and Oder rivers, both of which flow into Germany) this is no longer done by most sources.^[13]

 Czech Republic Česká republika

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Beskids	Beskydy	Czech
Bohemia	Čechy	Czech	Latin name
Bohemian Forest	Šumava	Czech
Bohemian Karst	Český kras	Czech
Bohemian Paradise	Český ráj	Czech
Bohemian Switzerland	České Švýcarsko	Czech
Budweis	České Budějovice	Czech	Archaic, German name
Carlsbad	Karlovy Vary	Czech	Archaic, German name
Elbe river	Labe	Czech	German name
Fichtel Mountains	Smrčiny	Czech	German name
Franzensbad	Františkovy Lázně	Czech	Archaic, German name
Giant Mountains	Krkonoše	Czech
Hanakia	Haná	Czech	Archaic
Lachia	Lašsko	Czech
Marienbad	Mariánské Lázně	Czech	Archaic, German name
Moravia	Morava	Czech	Latin name
Moravian Slovakia	Slovácko	Czech
Moravian Wallachia	Valašsko	Czech
Oder river	Odra	Czech	German name
Ore Mountains	Krušné hory	Czech
Pilsen	Plzeň	Czech	Archaic, German name
Prague	Praha	Czech	French name
Silesia	Slezsko	Czech
	Ślōnsk	Silesian
Sudetes, Sudeten, Sudeten Mountains	Krkonošsko-jesenická subprovincie, Sudety	Czech
Sudetenland	Sudety	Czech
Upper Palatine Forest	Český les	Czech

Denmark

 Denmark Danmark

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Copenhagen	København	Danish
Elsinore	Helsingør	Danish	Dated
Funen	Fyn	Danish
Jutland	Jylland	Danish
Sleswick	Schleswig	Low German
	Slesvig	Danish
The Scaw	Skagen	Danish	Dated
Zealand	Sjælland	Danish

Faroe Islands

 Faroe Islands Føroyar

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Thor's Haven	Tórshavn	Danish	Dated

Greenland

Several places were known under Danish names, or a variant of them. Now only the local Greenlandic is used.

 Greenland Kalaallit Nunaat

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Frederikdshab	Paamiut	Greenlandic	Obsolete
Godthab	Nuuk	Greenlandic	Obsolete
Jacobshaven	Ilulissat	Greenlandic	Obsolete
Sondre Stromfjord	Kangerlussuaq	Greenlandic	Obsolete
Sondrestrom	Kangerlussuaq	Greenlandic	Obsolete
Thule	Qaanaaq	Greenlandic	Obsolete

Egypt

 Egypt Miṣr (مصر)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Alexandria	Al-Iskandariyya (الإسكندرية)	Egyptian Arabic
	Alexandria (ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ)	Coptic
	Eskendereyya (اسكندرية)	Egyptian Arabic
	Rakote (ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ )	Coptic
Cairo	Al-Qāhirah (القاهرة)	Standard Arabic
	Maṣr (مَصر)	Egyptian Arabic
Giza	Al-Jīzah (الجيزة)	Standard Arabic
	El-Gīzeh (الجيزة)	Egyptian Arabic
Luxor	Al-Uqṣur (الاقصر)	Standard Arabic
	Babe (ⲡⲁⲡⲉ)	Coptic
	Loqṣor (الأقصر)	Egyptian Arabic
Memphis	Manf (مَنْف)	Standard Arabic
	Memfi (ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ)	Coptic
Nile	An-Nīl (النيل)	Standard Arabic
	En-Nīl (النيل)	Egyptian Arabic
Port Said	Bur Sa'īd (بور سعيد)	Standard Arabic
	Bor Sa'īd (بور سعيد)	Egyptian Arabic
Suez	As-Suways (السويس)	Standard Arabic

The English name of Egypt derives from the French name, Egypte, which is derived from the Greek name, Aigyptos (Αίγυπτος).^[14]

Estonia

 Estonia Eesti

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Lake Peipus	Peipsi järv	Estonian
Reval	Tallinn	Estonian	Obsolete

Finland

 Finland Suomi

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Karelia	Karjala	Finnish	From Latin
Lapponia	Lappi	Finnish	From Latin
Ostrobothnia	Pohjanmaa	Finnish	From Latin, compare Swedish Österbotten
Savonia	Savo	Finnish	From Latin
Tavastia	Häme	Finnish	From Latin

France

 France

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bay of Biscay	Golfe de Gascogne	French
Bethwyn	Béthune	French	Archaic
Brittany	Breizh	Breton
	Bretagne	French
Burgundy	Bourgogne	French
Camerick	Cambrai	French	Obsolete
Corsica	Corse	French
	Corsica	Corsican
Cressy	Crécy-en-Ponthieu	French
Dauphiny	Dalfinat	Occitan
	Darfenât	Arpitan
	Dauphiné	French	Archaic
Dunkirk	Dunkerque	French
English Channel	La Manche	French
Flanders	Flandre	French
French Riviera	Côte d'Azur	French
Gascony	Gascogne	French
	Gasconha	Gascon
Lyons	Liyon	Arpitan
	Lyon	French	Archaic
Marseilles	Marseille	French	Archaic
	Marselha	Occitan
Normandy	Normandie	French
	Normaundie	Norman
Picardy	Picardie	French
Rheims	Reims	French	Archaic
Rhine River	Rhin	French
Rone	Rouen	French	Obsolete
Savoy	Savoie	French
	Savouè	Arpitan
Ushant	Eusa	Breton
	Ouessant	French

Georgia

 Georgia Sakartvelo (საქართველო)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Caucasus	Kavkasioni (კავკასიონი)	Georgian
Tiflis	Tbilisi (თბილისი)	Georgian	Obsolete

Germany

This list does not include German place names with ß written with "ss" or umlauts being removed in some writing.

 Germany Deutschland

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name[5][6]	Language
Aix-la-Chapelle	Aachen	Standard German	Archaic
	Oche	Ripuarian
Baltic Sea	Ostsee	Standard German
Bavaria	Bayern	Standard German
Bay of Lübeck	Lübecker Bucht	Standard German	German name means "Lübeck Bight"
Bay of Mecklenburg	Mecklenburger Bucht	Standard German	German name means "Mecklenburg Bight"
Bay of Meldorf	Meldorfer Bucht	Standard German	German name means "Meldorf Bight"
Bay of Pomerania	Pommersche Bucht	Standard German	German name means "Pomeranian Bight"
Bay of Wismar	Wismarer Bucht	Standard German	German name means "Wismar Bight"
Black Forest	Schwarzwald	Standard German
Brunswick	Braunschweig	Standard German	Archaic
	Brunswiek	Low Saxon
Cleves	Kleve	Standard German	Archaic
Coblence	Koblenz	Standard German	Archaic
Coblenz	Koblenz	Standard German	Dated
Cologne	Kölle	Ripuarian
	Köln	Standard German
Constance	Konstanz	Standard German	Dated
Danube river	Donau	Standard German
Eastphalia	Oostfalen	Low Saxon
	Ostfalen	Standard German
Egge Hills	Eggegebirge	Standard German	German name means "Egge Mountains"
Franconia	Franken	Standard German
	Frankn	Austro-Bavarian
Franconian Jura	Frankenalb	Standard German	Frankenjura also used in German
Frankfort	Frangford (am Maa)	Hessian	Archaic
	Frankfurt (am Main)	Standard German
Hamelin	Hameln	Standard German
Hanover	Hannober	Low Saxon
	Hannover	Standard German
Haßberge Hills	Haßberge	Standard German
Heligoland	deät Lun	Heligolandic North Frisian
	Hälilönj	Bökingharde North Frisian
	Helgoland	Standard German
Hesse	Hessen	Standard German
Hessia	Hessen	Standard German
Hither Pomerania	Vorpommern	Standard German
Hohwacht Bay	Hohwachter Bucht	Standard German
Jade Bight	Jadebusen	Standard German
Kaufungen Forest	Kaufunger Wald	Standard German
Kiel Canal	Nordostseekanal	Standard German
Knüll	Knüllgebirge	Standard German	German name also used in English
Lake Constance	Bodensee	Standard German
Lower Bavarian Upland	Niederbayerisches Hügelland	Standard German
Lusatia	Lausitz	Standard German
	Łužica	Upper Sorbian
	Łužyca	Lower Sorbian
Malborow	Marburg	Standard German	Archaic
Mayence	Mainz	Standard German	Archaic
Mentz	Mainz	Standard German	Archaic, British English
Moselle river	Mosel	Standard German
	Musel	Moselle Franconian
Munich	Minga	Austro-Bavarian
	München	Standard German
Nuremberg	Narrnberch	East Franconian
	Nürnberg	Standard German
Ore Mountains	Erzgebirge	Standard German
Palatinate	Palz	Palatinate German
	Pfalz	Standard German
Pomerania	Pommern	Standard German
Prussia	Preußen	Standard German
Ratisbon	Regensburg	Standard German	Archaic
	Rengschburch	Austro-Bavarian
Rhenish Massif	Rheinisches Schiefergebirge	Standard German
Rhine river	Rhein	Standard German
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha	Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha	Standard German	English now uses translation Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Saxony	Sachsen	Standard German
	Sassen	Low Saxon
Swabia	Schwaben	Standard German
Szczecin Lagoon	Stettiner Haff	Standard German
Thuringia	Thüringen	Standard German
	Tréier	Moselle Franconian
Treves	Trier	Standard German	Archaic, French name
Western Pomerania	Vorpommern	Standard German
Westphalia	Westfalen	Low Saxon
		Standard German

Greece

The exonym for Greece in English comes from Magna Graecia, which was a historical region in Italy colonized by the Greeks. The endonym Ellás comes from Helen of Troy, the legendary Greek figure whose abduction caused the Greek city-states to unite and fight against Troy during the Trojan War.

 Greece Elládha/ Ellás (Ελλάδα/ Ἑλλάς)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Attica	Attikí (Αττική)	Greek
Athens	Athína (Αθήνα)	Greek
Boetia	Voiotía (Βοιωτία)	Greek
Corfu	Kérkyra (Κέρκυρα)	Greek
Corinth	Kórinthos (Κόρινθος)	Greek
Crete	Kríti (Κρήτη)	Greek
Cyclades	Kykládhes (Κυκλάδες)	Greek
Dodecanese	Dhodhekánisa (Δωδεκάνησα)	Greek
Epirus	Ipeiros (Ήπειρος)	Greek
Euboea	Evvoia (Εύβοια)	Greek
Heraklion	Irákleio (Ηράκλειο)	Greek
Icaria	Ikaría (Ικαρία)	Greek
Ithaca	Itháki (Ιθάκη)	Greek
Lepanto	Náfpaktos (Νάυπακτος)	Greek	Archaic
Macedonia	Makedonía (Μακεδονία)	Greek
Mediterranean Sea	Mesógeios thálassa (Μεσόγειος θάλασσα)	Greek
Missolonghi	Mesológi (Μεσολόγγι)	Greek
Naupactus	Náfpaktos (Νάυπακτος)	Greek	Greek name also used in English
Navarino	Pýlos (Πύλος)	Greek	Archaic
Patras	Pátra (Πάτρα)	Greek
Peloponnese	Pelopónnisos (Πελοπόννησος)	Greek
Philippi	Fílippoi (Φίλιπποι)	Greek
Piraeus	Peiraiás (Πειραιάς)	Greek
Rhodes	Ródhos (Ρόδος)	Greek
Rhodope Mountains	Rodhópi (Ροδόπη)	Greek
Salonica	Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)	Greek	Archaic
Samothrace	Samothráki (Σαμοθράκη)	Greek
Sparta	Spárti (Σπάρτη)	Greek
Thebes	Thíva (Θήβα)	Greek
Thessalonica	Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)	Greek	Greek name also used in English
Thessaly	Thessalía (Θεσσαλία)	Greek
Thrace	Thráki (Θράκη)	Greek
Zante	Zákynthos (Ζάκυνθος)	Greek	Archaic

Haiti

 Haiti Haïti / Ayiti

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Labadee	Labadie	French

Hungary

 Hungary Magyarország

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Budapest	Budapest	Hungarian
Carpathian Mountains	Kárpátok	Hungarian
Comorn	Komárom	Hungarian	Dated
Danube River	Duna	Hungarian
Pesth	Pest	Hungarian	Archaic

Iceland

 Iceland Ísland

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Blue Lagoon	Bláa lónið	Icelandic
Westman Islands	Vestmannaeyjar	Icelandic	Dated, translation

India

 India Bhārat (भारत)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Allahabad	Prayagraj (प्रयागराज)	Hindi	Officially amended to Prayagraj but still in use in popular culture.
Allepey	Alappuzha (ആലപ്പുഴ)	Malayalam	Dated
Bangalore	Bengaluru (ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು)	Kannada
Benares	Varanasi (वाराणसी)	Hindi	Dated
Bombay	Mumbai (मुंबई)	Marathi	Dated
Calcutta	Kolkata (কলকাতা)	Bengali	Dated
Cawnpore	Kanpur (कानपुर)	Hindi	Obsolete
Cochin	Kochi (കൊച്ചി)	Malayalam
Delhi	Dilli (दिल्ली)	Hindi
Ganges River	Ganga (गंगा)	Hindi
Indus River	Sindhū (सिन्धु)	Sanskrit
Jaypore	Jaipur (जयपुर)	Hindi	Obsolete
Laccadive Islands	Lakshadweep (ലക്ഷദ്വീപ്)	Malayalam	Obsolete
Madras	Chennai (சென்னை)	Tamil	Dated
Palghat	Palakkad (പാലക്കാട്)	Malayalam	Obsolete
Pondicherry	Puducherry (புதுச்சேரி)	Tamil	Dated
Poona	Pune (पुणे)	Marathi	Dated
Simla	Shimla (शिमला)	Hindi	Obsolete
Trivandrum	Thiruvananthapuram (തിരുവനന്തപുരം)	Malayalam

Indonesia

 Indonesia

English name	Endonym		Note
	Name	Language
Bencoolen	Bengkulu	Indonesian	Historical
Billiton	Belitung	Indonesian	Obsolete
Borneo	Kalimantan	Indonesian	These exonyms are also unofficially used in Indonesia.
Celebes	Sulawesi	Indonesian
Ceram	Seram Island	Indonesian
Java	Jawa	Indonesian
Lesser Sunda Islands	Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara	Indonesian
	Kepulauan Sunda Kecil	Indonesian	Historical
Moluccas	Maluku Islands	Indonesian
New Guinea	Papua	Indonesian
	Irian Jaya	Indonesian	Historical
	Nugini	Indonesian	Fossil word.
Savu	Sawu	Indonesian	One of few alternative names for the island. Sabu is officially only used for Sabu Raijua Regency.
	Sabu	Indonesian

Iran

 Iran Irān (اݐران)

English name	Endonym		Note
	Name	Language
Bushire	Bushehr (بوشهر)	Persian	Obsolete
Caspian Sea	Darya-ye Khazar (Khazar Sea)	Persian
Isfahan	Ešfahān (اصفهان)	Persian
Meshed	Mashhad (مشهد)	Persian	Obsolete
Teheran	Tehran (تهران)	Persian	Obsolete

Iraq

 Iraq Al-Irāq (العراق)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Ctesiphon	Ṭaysafūn (طيسفون) or Qaṭaysfūn (قطيسفون)	Standard Arabic
Duhok	Dahūk (دهوك)	Standard Arabic
	Dihok (دهۆک)	Kurdish
	Beth Nohadra (ܒܝܬ ܢܘܗܕܪܐ)	Syriac
Euphrates River	Al-Furāt (الفرات)	Standard Arabic
	Firat	Kurdish
	Pǝrāth (ܦܪܬ)	Syriac
Mosul	Al-Mawṣil (الموصل)	Standard Arabic
	Māwṣil (ܡܘܨܠ)	Syriac
	Mosil (مووسڵ)	Kurdish
Tigris River	Deqlath (ܕܹܩܠܵܬ)	Syriac
	Dîcle (دیجلە)	Kurdish
	Dijla (دجله)	Standard Arabic

Ireland

The vast majority of placenames in Ireland are anglicisations, or phonetic renderings, of Irish language names. The exceptions to this are listed here:

 Ireland Éire

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Arklow	an tInbhear Mór	Irish
Carlingford	Cairlinn	Irish
Connaught	Connacht	Irish	Dated
Dalkey	Deilginis	Irish
Dursey	Baoi Bhéarra, Oileán Baoi	Irish
Dublin	Baile Átha Cliath	Irish
Fastnet	Carraig Aonair	Irish
Haulbowline	Inis Sionnach	Irish
Howth	Binn Éadair	Irish
Killarney	Cill Airne	Irish
Lambay	Reachrainn	Irish
Leinster	Laighin	Irish
Leixlip	Léim an Bhrádain	Irish
Meath	Mí	Irish
Munster	Mumhan	Irish
Oxmantown	Baile Lochlannach	Irish
Saltee	Na Sailtí	Irish
Selskar	Seilsceir	Irish
Skerries	Na Sceirí	Irish
Strangford	Loch Cuan	Irish
Ulster	Ulaidh	Irish
Waterford	Port Láirge	Irish
Wexford	Loch Garman	Irish
Wicklow	Cill Mhantáin	Irish

Israel

The below listing is only a summary. Modern Israeli transcription systems (romanization of Hebrew) vary from the spellings of many hundreds of place names of Ancient Israel adopted by Bible translations - both Christian, such as the King James Version (1611) and also Jewish versions such as the JPS (1917).^[15]

 Israel Yisrael (ישראל)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Acre	Ako (עכו)	Modern Hebrew	Greek name
Beersheba	Beer Sheva' (באר שבע)	Modern Hebrew
Capernaum	Kfar Nachum (כפר נחום)	Modern Hebrew	Latin name
Dead Sea	Āl-Baḥrū l-Maytū (اَلْبَحْرُ الْمَيْتُ)	Standard Arabic
	Yam hamMelaḥ (ים המלח)	Modern Hebrew
Galilee	haGalil (הגליל)	Modern Hebrew
Jaffa	Yafo (יפו)	Modern Hebrew
Joppa	Yafo (יפו)	Modern Hebrew	Greek name, dated
Jordan River	Nahr al-Urdun (نهر الأردن)	Standard Arabic
	Nahar haYarden (נהר הירדן)	Modern Hebrew
Jerusalem	Ūršalīm (أُورُشَلِيمَ)	Standard Arabic
	Yerushalayim (ירושלים)	Modern Hebrew	Latin name
Nazareth	Natzrat (נצרת)	Modern Hebrew	Greek name
Sea of Galilee	Imat Tbria (بحيرة طبريا)	Standard Arabic
	Yamat haKineret (ימת הכינרת)	Modern Hebrew
Safed	Tzfat (צפת)	Modern Hebrew	Arabic name
Tiberias	Tverya (טבריה)	Modern Hebrew	Greek name

Italy

 Italy Italia

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Apulia	Puglia	Standard Italian
	Pùglia	Neapolitan
Aventine Hill	Aventino	Standard Italian
Caelian Hill	Celio	Standard Italian
Capitoline Hill	Campidoglio	Standard Italian
Florence	Firenze	Standard Italian	French name
Genoa	Genova	Standard Italian
	Zêna	Ligurian
Herculaneum	Ercolano	Standard Italian	English uses different names for the ancient and modern places
Janiculum	Gianicolo	Standard Italian	Latin name
Latium	Lazio	Standard Italian	English uses different names for the ancient and modern places
Leghorn	Livorno	Standard Italian	Obsolete
Lombardy	Lombardéa	Lombard	French name
	Lombardia	Standard Italian
Mantua	Mantua	Lombard
	Mantova	Standard Italian
Milan	Milan	Lombard
	Milano	Standard Italian
Montferrat	Monferrato	Standard Italian	French name
	Monfrà	Piedmontese
Naples	Napoli	Standard Italian	French name
	Napule	Neapolitan
Padua	Padova	Standard Italian
	Pàdova	Venetian
Piedmont	Piemont	Piedmontese
	Piemonte	Standard Italian
Phlegraean Fields	Campi Flegrei	Standard Italian
Pompeii	Pompei	Standard Italian	Latin name
Pontine Marshes	Agro Pontino	Standard Italian
Rome	Roma	Standard Italian	French name
Rubicon River	Rubicone	Standard Italian
Sardinia	Sardegna	Standard Italian
Sicily	Sicilia	Standard Italian
		Sicilian
Sienna	Siena	Standard Italian	Obsolete
Syracuse	Sarasusa	Sicilian
	Siracusa	Standard Italian
The Marches	Marche	Standard Italian	Obsolete
Tiber	Tevere	Standard Italian	Latin name
Tuscany	Toscana	Standard Italian
Turin	Torino	Standard Italian
	Turin	Piedmontese
Trent	Trento	Standard Italian	Dated
	Trent	Ladin and Lombard
Tyrol	Tirolo	Standard Italian
Venice	Venesia	Venetian	French name
	Venezia	Standard Italian
Vesuvius	Vesuvio	Neapolitan
		Standard Italian	Latin name

Many English exonyms were derived from the French variations, such as Rome and Venice.

Japan

 Japan Nihon, Nippon (日本)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bonin Islands	Ogasawara Guntou (小笠原群島)	Japanese
Iwo Jima	Iou-tou (硫黄島)	Japanese	Alternative reading of endonym
Liancourt Rocks	Takeshima (竹島)	Japanese
Ryūkyū Islands	Nansei-shotou (南西諸島)	Japanese
Volcano Islands	Kazan Rettou (火山列島)	Japanese

The English name for Japan derives from the Portuguese name for the country, Japão, which was based on a Chinese transcription of Japan's endonym, Nippon or Nihon (日本).^[16]

Laos

 Laos Lāo (ລາວ)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Louangphabang	Luang Prabang (ຫລວງພະບາງ)	Lao	Also spelled Luangphabang
Mekong River	Maenam Khong (ແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ)	Lao
Savannakhet	Kaysone Phomvihane (ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ)	Lao
Viangchan[17]	Wīang chan (ວຽງຈັນ)	Lao
Vientiane		Lao	from French
Wiangchan[18]		Lao

An older variant of the country's name in English uses the definite article, the Laos, which is now obsolete.

Latvia

 Latvia Latvija

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Courland	Kurzeme	Latvian
Lettgallia	Latgale	Latvian	Dated
Semigallia	Zemgale	Latvian	Dated

Lebanon

 Lebanon Lubnān (لبنان)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Sidon	Ṣaydā (صيدا)	Standard Arabic
Tyre	Ṣūr (صور)	Standard Arabic
Tripoli	Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)	Standard Arabic

Libya

 Libya Libiyā (ليبيا)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Cyrenaica	Barqah (برقة)	Standard Arabic
Fezzan	Fezzan (ⴼⵣⵣⴰⵏ)	Berber
	Fizzān (فزان)	Standard Arabic
Misrata	Miṣrātah (مصراتة)	Standard Arabic
Sirte	Sirt (سرت)	Standard Arabic
Tripoli	Ṭrables	Berber
	Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)	Standard Arabic
	Ṭrābləs (طرابلس)	Maghrebi Arabic
Tripolitania	Ṭrables	Berber
	Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)	Standard Arabic
	Ṭrābləs (طرابلس)	Maghrebi Arabic

Lithuania

 Lithuania Lietuva

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Neman river	Nemunas	Lithuanian
Nieman river	Nemunas	Lithuanian	Dated
Samogitia	Žemaitija	Lithuanian
Sudovia	Sudūva	Lithuanian
Yotvingia	Dainava	Lithuanian
Vilna or Wilna	Vilnius	Lithuanian	Obsolete

Malaysia

 Malaysia

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Malacca	Melaka	Malay
Penang Island	Pulau Pinang	Malay
Johore	Johor	Malay

Mexico

 Mexico México

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Kino Bay	Hermosillo	Spanish
Rocky Point	Puerto Peñasco	Spanish	Dated

Moldova

 Moldova

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Kishinev	Chişinău	Romanian	Obsolete

Mongolia

 Mongolia Mongγol Ulus (Монгол Улc/ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Gobi Desert	Govi (Говь/ ᠭᠣᠪᠢ)	Mongolian
Ulan Bator	Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар/ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ)	Mongolian	Obsolete

Morocco

 Morocco Al-Magrib (المغرب)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Casablanca	Ad-Dār Al-Bayḍā' (الدار البيضاء)	Standard Arabic
	Kaza (كازا)[19]	Moroccan Arabic	Informal name for the city
	Anfa (ⴰⵏⴼⴰ)	Berber
Fez	Fās (ⴼⴰⵙ)	Berber
	Fās (فاس)	Standard Arabic
Tangier	Ṭanja (ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ)	Berber
	Ṭanjah (طنجة)	Standard Arabic

The English name for the country derives from the city name Marrakesh.^[20] The Arabic name for the country, al-Magrib (المغرب), is Arabic for "the west".

Myanmar

 Myanmar Myanma (မြန်မာ)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Mekong River	Megaung Myit (မဲခေါင်မြစ်)	Burmese
Naypyidaw	Nay Pyi Taw (နေပြည်တော်)	Burmese
Pagan	Bagan (ပုဂံ)	Burmese	Dated
Rangoon	Yangon (ရန်ကုန်မြို့)	Burmese	Dated
Ummerapoora	Amarapura (အမရပူရ)	Burmese	Dated

Nepal

   Nepal Nepāl (नेपाल)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Mount Everest	Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा)	Nepali

Netherlands

 Netherlands Nederland

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Brill	Brielle	Dutch	Obsolete
Dort	Dordrecht	Dutch	Obsolete
Flushing	Vlissingen	Dutch	Obsolete
Guelders	Gelderland	Dutch	Dated
Leyden	Leiden	Dutch	Dated
Meuse river	Maas	Dutch	French name
Rhine river	Rijn	Dutch
Ryswick	Rijswijk	Dutch	Obsolete
The Hague	Den Haag	Dutch

Norway

 Norway Noreg, Norge

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bear Island	Bjørnøya	Norwegian	Translation
North Cape	Davvenjárgga	Northern Sami
	Nordkapp	Norwegian
Slagen Valley	Slagndarn	Tunsbergian
	Slagendalen	Norwegian
The Southland	Sørlandet

North Korea

The inhabitants of North Korea prefer the official name of the country, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK),^[21] Chosǒn, or simply Korea.

 North Korea Chosǒn (조선)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Diamond Mountain	Kǔmkang-san (금강산)	Korean	English now uses rough transliteration Mount Kumgang
Paektu Mountain	Paektu-san (백두산)	Korean
Tumen River	Tuman-kang (두만강)	Korean	Mandarin name, as the river borders China
Yalu River	Amnok-kang (압록강)	Korean	Mandarin name, as the river borders China

Palestine

 Palestine Filasṭīn (فلسطين)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bethlehem	Beyt Laḥm (بيت لحم)	Levantine Arabic
	Bayta Laḥm (بيت لحم)	Standard Arabic
Gaza City	Ġazzah (غَزَّة)	Standard Arabic
Hebron	Al-Ḵalīl (الخليل)	Standard Arabic
Jericho	Arīḥā (أريحا)	Standard Arabic
Jerusalem	Al-Quds (القُدس)	Standard Arabic	Latin name
Jordan River	Nahr al-Urdun (نهر الأردن)	Standard Arabic