Enid Bell Palanchian (December 4, 1904 – 1994), known professionally as Enid Bell in her early career and later on as Enid Bell Palanchian,[1][2] was an American sculptor, illustrator and teacher born in London, England.
Early and personal life
Bell was born in England in 1904 to Scottish parents[3] and began her studies at the Glasgow School of Art, then at the St John's Wood Art School as well as studying with fellow Scot Sir William Reid Dick in London.[4] Then after moving to the United States at the age of seventeen at the Art Students League in New York City.[5] Essentially a figurative, direct carving in wood artist, she was based in New Jersey where she became the head of the sculpture program of the Federal Art Project for that state and was herself the creator of several FAP commissions.
This is Bell - Palanchian's sculpture "Birds" that was donated to the Leonia Public Library that was donated in 1979.
In 1932 she married Armenian-American businessman and painter, Missak Palanchian, though she retained her surname as Bell for professional purposes.[2] They would often showcase their art together in exhibits across New Jersey, New York, and New Mexico.[6]
She taught at Miss Chaplin's School of Arts in New York City from 1929 to 1931 under the role of an art teacher.[7] In 1940 until 1941 she was the Sculpture Supervisor for the New Jersey Arts & Crafts Project, W.P.A.[7]
Following the end of the Federal Art Project in 1944, she taught as instructor of sculpture and Head of the Sculpture Department of the Newark School of Fine and Industrial Art until 1968.[8]
Bell-Palanchian donated her sculpture "Little Indian Dancer" to the Englewood Public Library Children's Room in 1981. Furthermore, she also donated her sculpture "Birds" to the Leonia Public Library where it is hanging on the rear wall of the stairs.[9]
This sculpture entitled "Dancers" was created by Enid Bell Palanchian in the 1940s.
Bell's art style can be described as "growing".[11] Nearly all of her sculptures are made from wood and a few that were made from ceramics. As it was described, her larger sculptures tend to "grow" from the ground and expand and widens as the sculpture builds up.[12] Many of her sculptures that feature two people tend to be shown in so0me sort of embrace.[13] Her sculpture "Dancers" which is made from plaster shows a man and a woman who is standing in front of the man in some sort of dance with a skirt in her left hand and her head tilted back towards the man. This piece was created in 1926, when Bell was about 22 years old, but the piece was unfortunately destroyed. She tended to create sculptures that were "twined" around one another, meaning that were wrapped up in one another as is in shown in her bronze sculpture entitled "Dancers" that was created in the 1940s.
She took inspiration from the material (different types of wood, plaster, ceramic, and bronze) including its natural form as well as nature and geometric patterns in the world around her. Her theme in the creation of her art is seemingly growth, not only in the style of having larger more expanded base and then funneling up towards the top. Furthermore, a large part of her art includes bodies that are intertwined with one another that suggest connection. Her art has been connected to earlier movements such as the art deco movement that got started in the 1910s and gained momentum in the 1920s and 1930s. As this time period would have been the time where Palanchian would have started her education in the arts and have begun to have gotten exposure, seeing these art deco elements in her own art is unsurprising.
Exhibitions
Solo exhibitions
Ferargil Galleries, New York City, December 9 – 29, 1929, exhibited 22 pieces including hazel wood “Pause”, Madonna”, “Trio” cherrywood “Duet” & “Harvesters”, bronze “Pavlova”, “Summer” & “Liza”, white oak “Negress”, whitewood “Negresses” & “Mexicans” and portrait panels and screens.[14]
Arden Gallery, New York City, NY, November 5–19, 1934, exhibited 26 pieces including metal panels “Oriental Dancers”, “Flute Player” and unnamed “Two Figures”, a mahogany screen, ebony “Africans”, “Negress” & “Nocturne”, marble “Seated Figure”, “Sleep” & “Pigeons”, white pine “Mother and Child”, mahogany “Dancer”, Japanese wood “Cyclamen”, several carved chests, hazelwood “At the Window” and cherry wood “Harvesters” & “Composition”.[14]
Illinois State Museum, Springfield, Illinois, February 15 to April 15, 1957, Exhibited twenty sculptures including “Bathers”, “Clown”, and pieces of ballplayers and musicians.[14]
Argent Gallery, New York City, New York, March 1949, Exhibited 24 pieces including, ebony “Dark Continent” and “Africans”, white marble “Embrace” & “Madonna”, terra-cotta “Odalisque” & “Clown”, pine “Sisters”, “Spirella”, “Baseball” & “Mother and Child” bronze “Dancers”, mahogany “Musician”, ”Boy”, “Orientale” & “Undula”, and pear wood “Bathers”. [14]
Silo Gallery, Morris Plains, NJ, March 1954, exhibited pieces including ebony “Dark Continent”[14]
Annual, Special, and Group Exhibitions
Europe
Paris International Exposition, Paris, France, 1937- Winner of the Gold Medal Award[14]
“Nature in Sculpture”, December 10, 1957 to February 2, 1958 [14]
“Art from New Jersey Colleges Exhibition”, January 8 to February 6, 1966, Enid Bell representing the Newark School of Fine and Industrial Arts, exhibited her white wood piece “Young Indian”[14]
The Jersey City Museum:
“The Nellie Wright Allen Exhibition”, November 3 – 29th, 1947, Exhibited “Undula”[14]
“The Nellie Wright Allen Exhibition”, 1948, exhibited “Clown” and “Embrace”[14]
“20th Annual National Exhibition”, February 20 to March 18, 1961, exhibited “Seated Figure”[14]
Fifty-Sixth Street Galleries, Exhibition in Plainfield, NJ, February 1930, exhibited a panel of her sister, Jean Diack, to which the Art Digest gave honorable mention.[14]
Ringwood Gallery, NJ, “Exhibition of Sculptures”, July 7 – 22nd, 1973
Rutgers University, Douglas College, “Mary H. Dana Women Artists Series”, January 11 to February 19, 1988, exhibited 16 pieces, including Maplewood “Diver”, and “Mother and Child” and “Sisters”.[14]
“New Jersey State Exhibition”, November 12 to December 24, 1948, Exhibited terra-cotta “Dancers”, Received First Sculpture Award[14]
“21st Annual New Jersey State Exhibition”, November _ to December 2, 1951, the awards jury withheld the top award in sculpture because of an exhibition rule that no artists may take the same prize within a five year period. Awarded “Honorable Mention” for her white marble “Madonna” because she had received the first prize award less than 5 years previously.[14]
“The Awards Artists Exhibition”, March 1966, exhibited pieces including “Bird Bath”[14]
The Newark School of Fine and Industrial Art:
“Annual Exhibition”, demonstration by Enid Bell, February 20, 1947[14]
“Annual Exhibition”, demonstration by Enid Bell, May 19, 1948[14]
“Annual Exhibition”, demonstration by Enid Bell, May 17, 1949[14]
Solo Exhibit January 22 to February 2, ?, Exhibited “Bathers”, Composition”, “African”, “Mother and Child”, Grief”, “Night”, “Pieta”, Pigeons”, Pavlova”, “Night Club”, “Whitewood Screen”, “Dancers”, “Negress”, “Musicians”, and “Hazelwood Panel”.[14]
“Annual Exhibition”, demonstration in clay by Enid Bell, May 1964[14]
“Sculptures and Craft Illustrations”, March 1983, exhibited pieces included mahogany relief “Madonna”[14]
Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts:
“Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture”, January 28 to March 3, 1940, exhibited “Mother and Child”[14]
“Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture”, January 26 to March 3, 1946, Exhibited “Sisters”, January 26 to March 2, 1947, Exhibited “Dark Continent”[14]
Florida
Miami Beach Art Center, “Exhibition” March _ to April 5, 1949, Exhibited 6 pieces including pearwood “Bathers”[14]
"Enid Bell, whose carvings in wood are to be shown at Ferargil Galleries during October, jumps agiley from prim flowerpiece and delicate portrait relief to her superbly vital "harmonica Player" -- the epitome of negro line and temperament. Who would think out of Scotland, land of decorum and calm living would come a young artist who could so thoroughly capture the very spirit of our "mad rhythms"![15]
1933 - "Women Who Won" Newark Ledger by Agnes Fahy
"Adaptability is an indispensable attribute of the artist. Specialization too often spells death for him.' Enid Bell, the attractive young sculptor who has recently come to Newark and is living at...was surrounded by evidence of her own adaptability as she talked of art, artists, and their training. The conversation took place in the Contemporary Gallery of the Kresge's Department Store where last week an exhibition of her sculpture and of the paintings of her husband Missak Palanchian was held. There were figures in bronze, plaster, and terra cotta, plaques, screens and bas-reliefs carved from wood and her remqarks revealed that she also paints in oil, etches, has done mural decorations, maginze illustrating, and so on. 'An artist must have a variety of experience at his hand, ' she said 'Think of the mediums used by the great masters such as Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo who could carve, paint, design a cathedral but to mention a few of the things they did.' Specialization may be all right in time, but the aritsts should first have a comprehensive knowledge of the whole field of art. There is danger too, in specialization in that the artist may lose his creative sense and become merely a mechanical producer. For another thing, there is the eternal practical side of the question. The artist's market is small enough at best. If he cannot sell his paintings, he should be able to turn his hand to something else. It was Miss Bell who last week was awarded first prize at the third annual state exhibition at the Montclair Art Museum for a wood carving called "Composition". Wherever displayed her wood carvings are displayed have attracted special attention. There is something exceedingly charming about her about the half figures which rise out of a flat background under her skilled hand. The finished sculpture is a work of art that really looks as if it had been created to give pleasure..."[16]
Awards
Sculpture Medal, Newark Art Club, Newark, NJ, 1933[7]
