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((short description|SS doctor))
((more citations needed|date=March 2023))
[[File:Auschwitz-Richard Baer Karl Hocker Enno Lolling.jpg|right|thumb| Lolling with [[Richard Baer (Nazi)|Richard Baer]], commandant of Auschwitz, and his adjutant [[Karl-Friedrich Höcker]] (left to right)]]
'''Enno Lolling''' (July 19, 1888 – May 27, 1945) was a [[Nazi]] doctor. As a member of the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]], he served as a ''[[Sanitätswesen|Lagerarzt]]'' (camp doctor) at [[Dachau concentration camp]]. He later headed up the [[Sanitätswesen|medical division]] for all the SS [[concentration camp]]s. Lolling committed suicide in [[Flensburg]] as the war was ending.

== Biography ==
Lolling was born in [[Cologne]]. He attended [[gymnasium (Germany)|gymnasium]], graduating in 1905 with his [[abitur]]. He studied medicine, passing the state examination in August 1914 at [[Charité]] in [[Berlin]], the medical school of [[Humboldt University]] and the [[Free University of Berlin]]. Continuing his studies in [[Kiel]], he later received his [[Dr. med.|doctorate]].

== Military service ==
Lolling served in the [[German Army (German Empire)|German army]], as a volunteer from 1907 to 1908, then in the [[Kaiserliche Marine]] from April 1, 1908, to January 17, 1919. He began serving as a navy doctor in 1913, earning promotions every year or two as he rose through the ranks to become a naval staff doctor in 1918.

During [[World War I]], he was an assistant doctor on board the [[SMS Wittelsbach]] till November 1915, then ship doctor on the [[SMS Pfeil]] till January 1917, and assistant doctor on the [[SMS Hannover]] till August 1917. Following that, till April 1918, he served as an assistant doctor at the navy hospital in [[Mürwik]], a section of Flensburg. From there, he became an assistant doctor with the First Naval Air Division, serving until June 1918, then as assistant doctor with the Second Coastal Battalion in [[Flanders]] until the end of the war. At the end of January 1919, he left the navy and began working as a doctor in [[Neustrelitz]].

== Nazi era ==
Lolling joined the [[Nazi Party]] in 1931,<ref name="mann">Michael Mann, [https://books.google.com/books?id=cGHGPgj1_tIC&dq=%22enno+lolling%22&pg=PA255 "The dark side of democracy: explaining ethnic cleansing"], p. 255. Cambridge University Press (2005) Retrieved May 27, 2010</ref> becoming member No. 4,691,483. He had already joined the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' (SA) in 1923 and on August 28, 1933, he joined the ''[[Schutzstaffel]]'' (SS) as member No. 179,765.

On September 13, 1936, Lolling obtained the rank of ''[[Hauptsturmführer]]''. From May 2, 1936, till May 29, he completed an exercise with the ''[[Kriegsmarine]]'' (navy). On July 30, 1936, he had to assert that he had been free from [[morphine]] since 1932 and therefore was not addicted.

Lolling was accepted as a [[general practitioner]] and in September 1936, was appointed SS squadron doctor and medic with the ''[[SS-Verfügungstruppe]]'' at the SS military academy in [[Bad Tölz]]. In early November 1936, he became a doctor at the SS military hospital in [[Dachau, Bavaria|Dachau]].<ref name="mann" />

In early 1939, Lolling was deployed with the [[3rd SS Division Totenkopf]]. From May 6, 1940, to February 11, 1941, he worked as a camp doctor at [[Dachau concentration camp]]. On February 12, 1941, he was appointed by the ''[[SS-Führungshauptamt]]'' to be the [[Sanitätswesen#Chief physician|chief camp physician]] at [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp]].

In early June 1941, Lolling became the chief physician at the [[Concentration Camps Inspectorate]]. On March 3, 1942, he was put in charge of Amt D III of the ''[[SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt]]'' for Medical Services and Camp Hygiene, with headquarters at [[Oranienburg]], at the edge of Sachsenhausen concentration camp. With this promotion, he was put in charge of all medical units and doctors at all SS [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camps]].<ref>Dr. Robert Jay Lifton, ''The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide'', p. 180 (1986) ((ISBN|0-465-04904-4))</ref><ref>[http://www.wollheim-memorial.de/en/horst_fischer_19121966 "Horst Fischer (1912–1966)"] Wollheim Memorial, official website. Retrieved May 27, 2010</ref> From May to July 1942, he was forced to take a leave of absence because of a serious illness. [[Julius Muthig]] took over during this period of time. On November 9, 1943, Lolling was promoted to the rank of SS-''[[Standartenführer]]'', but continued in his same position at Amt D III.

After this final promotion, Lolling ordered a collection of human skins with tattoos to be prepared in different ways and sent to Berlin.<ref name="ceeol">Božidar Jezernik, [http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/getdocument.aspx?lid=3457bb67-d903-4865-aa91-abb0b490c5a6 Immediate download of "The Abode of the Other (Museums in German Concentration Camps 1933-1945)"] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325031949/http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/getdocument.aspx?lid=3457bb67-d903-4865-aa91-abb0b490c5a6 |date=2012-03-25 )) (PDF) From ''Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics'', pp. 13-14, issue 1 (1) 2007. Central and Eastern European Online Library, official website. Retrieved May 27, 2010</ref> Hundreds were prepared. Healthy prisoners were killed with an injection to the heart, so as not to damage the tattoos. Lolling also ordered SS doctors to experiment with shrinking human heads and at least three were shrunk.<ref name="ceeol" />

Lolling was responsible for assigning doctors to the various SS-run concentration camps. He was superior to the ''[[Sanitätswesen#Leading doctor|Standortarzt]]'' at each camp, who in turn, were superior to the camp doctors assigned to them. During the [[Hamburg Ravensbrück Trials]], he was repeatedly named by the accused as the medical person in authority.

On May 27, 1945, Lolling committed suicide<ref>David Lester, [https://books.google.com/books?id=R1nkj-xSzYgC&dq=%22enno+lolling%22&pg=PA168 "Suicide and the Holocaust"] Retrieved May 27, 2010</ref> at the reserve army hospital in Flensburg. He was 56.

== Sources ==
* [[Johannes Tuchel]], ''Konzentrationslager. Band 39 von Konzentrationslager: Organisationsgeschichte und Funktion der Inspektion der Konzentrationslager 1934-1938'', H. Boldt, Boppard am Rhein (1991) ((ISBN|3-7646-1902-3)) ((in lang|de))
* [[Ernst Klee]], ''Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich: Wer war was vor und nach 1945'', Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main (2007) ((ISBN|978-3-596-16048-8)) ((in lang|de))
* Schäfer, Silke, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120225022820/http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965490297&dok_var=d1&dok_ext=pdf&filename=965490297.pdf ''Zum Selbstverständnis von Frauen im Konzentrationslager. Das Lager Ravensbrück''] (PDF) Dissertation. Berlin (2002) ((in lang|de))
* Taake, Claudia, ''Angeklagt: SS-Frauen vor Gericht'', Oldenburg (1998) ((ISBN|3-8142-0640-1)) ((in lang|de))

== References ==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
* ((DNB portal|125623615|TYP=))

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[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1945 suicides]]
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[[Category:SS-Standartenführer]]
[[Category:Physicians from Cologne]]
[[Category:Imperial German Navy personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Waffen-SS personnel]]
[[Category:Dachau concentration camp personnel]]
[[Category:Physicians in the Nazi Party]]
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[[Category:Nazi human subject research]]
[[Category:Holocaust perpetrators in Germany]]

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