You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 34.207.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 05:02, 21 January 2026.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 05:38, 21 February 2024
- Expiry of block: 05:38, 21 February 2029
Your current IP address is 34.207.84.201. The blocked range is 34.207.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Non-market public goods))
((More citations needed|date=April 2014))
[[File:Half Dome with Eastern Yosemite Valley.jpg|thumb|[[Yosemite National Park]], an example of an environmental good.]]
((Use dmy dates|date=May 2017))
'''Environmental goods''' are typically [[Nonmarket forces|non-market goods]], including clean [[Earth's atmosphere|air]], clean [[water]], [[landscape]], green transport infrastructure ([[Sidewalk|footpaths]], [[Segregated cycle facilities|cycleways]], [[Greenway (landscape)|greenways]], etc.), [[public park]]s, [[urban parks]], [[river]]s, [[mountain]]s, [[forest]]s, and [[beach]]es. Environmental goods are a sub-category of [[public goods]]. Concerns with environmental goods focus on the effects that the exploitation of ecological systems have on the economy, the well-being of humans and other species, and on the environment. Users not having to pay an upfront cost and external factors like pollution that can damage environmental goods indefinitely are some of the challenges in protecting environmental goods.

== Valuation ==
There have been many efforts to place an economic value on environmental goods, but no consensus yet exists on the method of valuation. The challenges in the way of obtaining these economic values include the [[free-rider problem]], difficulties in assigning ownership, and the non-divisibility of environmental goods.<ref name=":0" />

=== Methods ===
Assigning a [[willingness to pay]] to environmental goods is one method that economists use to try to assess their value.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://journals.sagepub.com.ezp3.lib.umn.edu/doi/abs/10.1177/0013916509346229|title=To Pay or Not to Pay: Competing Theories to Explain Individuals’ Willingness to Pay for Public Environmental Goods|last=Liebe|first=Ulf|last2=Preisendörfer|first2=Peter|date=24 February 2010|publisher=SAGE Publications|publication-place=University of Leipzig|access-date=5 March 2017|last3=Meyerhoff|first3=Jürgen))</ref> Small scale simulated markets<ref name=":0">((Cite journal|last=Pendse|first=Dilip|last2=Wyckoff|date=1974|title=Scope for Valuation of Environmental Goods|jstor=3145231|journal=Land Economics|volume=50|pages=89–92))</ref> have been used in conjunction with [[Contingent valuation|contingent valuation methods]] in order to assess the relative values of economic goods, as well as an attempt to assign them dollar values. Other studies<ref>((Cite journal|last=Gregory|first=Robin|last2=Lichenstein|first2=Sarah|last3=Slovic|first3=Paul|date=1993|title=Valuing Environmental Resources: A Constructive Approach|journal=Journal of Risk and Uncertainty|volume=7|pages=177–197|doi=10.1007/bf01065813|hdl=1794/22396|hdl-access=free))</ref> criticize these methods for expecting an unrealistic amount of mental effort on the part of the subjects who are asked to assign values, as well as for introducing [[Framing effect (psychology)|framing effects]] and inherent biases relating to subjects' perceptions of dollar values.

=== Measures of economic progress ===
Alternative measures of economic progress, including the [[Genuine progress indicator|Genuine Progress Indicator]], [[Gross National Happiness]], and [[Gross National Well-being]] factor living environmental wellness,<ref>((Cite web|url=http://gnh.institute/gross-national-happiness-gnh-well-being-gnw/index.htm|title=Happiness Public Policy: Gross National Happiness / Wellness Index - GNH Index - GNW Index|website=gnh.institute|access-date=2017-11-17))</ref> ecological vitality,<ref>((Cite web|url=http://gnh.institute/gnh-index-gnw-index/gnw-index-gnh-index-vs-bhutan-gnh-index.htm|title=Comparison between GNW / GNH Index vs. Bhutan GNH Index - What is the difference|website=gnh.institute|access-date=2017-11-17))</ref> and the effects of [[resource depletion]] and long-term environmental damage<ref>((Cite web|url=http://rprogress.org/sustainability_indicators/genuine_progress_indicator.htm|title=Redefining Progress - Genuine Progress Indicator|website=rprogress.org|access-date=2017-11-17))</ref> into their models. These metrics aim to categorize not only the economical and monetary values of environmental goods and services, but also their effects on the emotional and psychological well-being of individuals within a society.

== Trade definition ==
In trade documents released by the United States, "environmental good" primarily refers to goods that are used for preserving the environment, such as renewable energy technologies and pollution management systems. In 2015, the U.S. exported $238 billion of environmental goods, while trading among nations globally of environmental goods totaled around $1 trillion.<ref name=":1">((Cite web|url=https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/other-initiatives/environmental-goods-agreement|title=Environmental Goods Agreement ((!)) United States Trade Representative|website=ustr.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-11-18))</ref> The United States and the [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO) and aims to lower tariffs on environmental goods in hopes of increasing the United States' access to more sustainable technology.

===Environmental Goods Agreement===
Since 2015, delegates from 18 members of the WTO,<ref>World Trade Organization, [https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/envir_e/ega_e.htm Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA)], published 2 October 2020, accessed 9 June 2023</ref> including the [[European Union]] and its [[Member state of the European Union|member states]], have been negotiating the Environmental Goods Agreement in hopes of cutting tariffs on many environmental goods. Australia chairs the negotiations.<ref name=au>[[Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade]], [https://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/organisations/wto/negotiations/ega/environmental-goods-agreement Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA)], accessed 9 June 2023</ref>

The negotiations aimed to increase the transfer of technologies which are cleaner for the environment and more cost competitive, including technologies in the realm of [[air pollution]] control, waste treatment, [[renewable energy]], and [[environmental monitoring]], and [[efficient energy use|energy efficiency]].<ref name=":1" /> The WTO hopes to provide higher-quality environmental goods at cheaper costs and to help developing countries to expedite the process of obtaining cleaner technologies. The agreement would also aim to lower costs of environmental protection, and to provide "green" jobs to people around the world. 

Talks collapsed in 2016,<ref>Reinsch, W. A., Benson, E. and Puga, C., [https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/211028_Reinsch_Environmental_Goods_0.pdf Environmental Goods Agreement: A New Frontier or an Old Stalemate?], [[Center for Strategic and International Studies]], published 28 October 2021, accessed 9 June 2023</ref> although the [[Australian government]] notes that "a range of interested Members continue to examine issues and consider options for an eventual return to negotiations".<ref name=au />

==See also==
((Portal|Environment|Ecology))
* [[Landscape planning]]
* [[Natural environment]]
* [[Ecological goods and services]]
* [[Natural capital]]
* [[Natural resource]]
* [[Public goods]]
* [[Sustainable landscape architecture]]
* [[Town planning]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

((DEFAULTSORT:Environmental Good))
[[Category:Public economics]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Environmental good (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:DMCA (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (articles) (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Use dmy dates (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/e (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Environmental good.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_good"