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((Short description|Spanish cardinal))
((Multiple issues|
((lead too short|date=November 2016))
((More citations needed|date=November 2016))
((one source|date=July 2019))
))

'''Esteban Gabriel Merino''' (died 1535) was a [[Spanish people|Spanish]] [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]] and [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]].

==Biography==
Merino was born in [[Santisteban del Puerto]], ca. 1472, the son of Alonso Merino and Mayor de Amorcuende, a family of the lowest condition.<ref name=Dictionary>((cite web|authorlink=Salvador Miranda (historian) |last=Miranda |first=Salvador |title=MERINO, Esteban Gabriel (ca. 1472-1535)|url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1533.htm#Merino|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church |accessdate=|publisher=[[Florida International University]]|oclc=53276621))</ref> His father died when he was very young.<ref name=Dictionary /> He went to [[Rome]] with a [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priest]] who was a family friend.<ref name=Dictionary />

He entered the household of Cardinal [[Ascanio Sforza]], initially occupying minor positions.<ref name=Dictionary /> He later joined the ecclesiastical estate after obtaining a [[Dispensation (Catholic Church)|dispensation]] from [[Pope Alexander VI]] for having caused the death of a cleric while playing with a sword.<ref name=Dictionary /> In spring 1500, during the [[Italian War of 1499–1504]], he was in [[Lombardy]] with Cardinal Sforza during the [[Kingdom of France|French]] invasion.<ref name=Dictionary /> He ended up in prison in [[Bourges]] with Cardinal Sforza; while there, he learned [[French language|French]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He was freed on January 3, 1502, then traveled to Rome to act as Cardinal Sforza's [[Procurator (Catholic Church)|procurator]] for dealing with the [[Fugger]] Bank.<ref name=Dictionary /> He was a [[conclavist]] for Cardinal Sforza at the [[Papal conclave, September 1503|papal conclave of September 1503]] that elected [[Pope Pius III]] and at the [[Papal conclave, October 1503|papal conclave of October 1503]] that elected [[Pope Julius II]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He became the cardinal's secretary around this time. In 1504, he was made a [[protonotary apostolic]].<ref name=Dictionary />

Following Cardinal Sforza's death on May 28, 1505, he received the patronage of Cardinal [[Francesco Alidosi]] and of Pope Julius II who sent him in August 1506 to the [[Republic of Florence]] to seek military assistance against [[Bologna]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He was present at [[Nepi]] along with Cardinals Alidosi and [[Francesco Soderini]] for the meeting of Pope Julius II with the Florentine envoy, [[Niccolò Machiavelli]].<ref name=Dictionary /> A month later, the pope despatched him to meet with [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]].<ref name=Dictionary /> The pope then made him [[Canon (priest)|canon]] and [[archdeacon]] of [[Baeza, Spain|Baeza]], and made him his [[Papal chamberlain|chamberlain]] and [[nuncio]].<ref name=Dictionary /> In July 1507, he again met Ferdinand II of Aragon and negotiated the [[League of Cambrai]] against the [[Republic of Venice]].<ref name=Dictionary /> In summer 1509, he accompanied Cardinal Alidosi on a diplomatic mission to [[Louis XII of France]] in [[Milan]], and then accompanied Cardinal Alidosi on his [[Papal legate|legation]] to Bologna.<ref name=Dictionary /> Returning to Rome, he had a letter addressed from Cardinal Alidosi to the [[Apostolic Dataria]], dated February 24, 1511, that secured for Merino the post of apostolic ''scriptor''.<ref name=Dictionary />

After the death of Cardinal Alidosi and Pope Julius II, he entered the service of Cardinal [[Marco Cornaro (cardinal)|Marco Cornaro]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He was Cardinal Cornaro's conclavist at the [[Papal conclave, 1513|papal conclave of 1513]] that elected [[Pope Leo X]].<ref name=Dictionary /> The new pope took Merino into the [[papal household]] and tried (unsuccessfully) to make him Bishop of [[Leiden]].<ref name=Dictionary />

On the pope's initiative, he was elected [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bari-Bitonto|Archbishop of Bari]] on May 9, 1513, while retaining the office of apostolic ''scriptor''.<ref name=Dictionary /> He attended all meetings of the [[Fifth Council of the Lateran]] (1512–17) following his elevation to the episcopate.<ref name=Dictionary /> On May 1, 1514, he was named [[Count palatine|palatine count]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He generally ruled the archdiocese of Bari through a [[vicar general]], [[Luis de Mexia]], visiting the archdiocese for the first time on May 1, 1514.<ref name=Dictionary />

Towards the end of 1514, he was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] as a priest and then [[Consecration|consecrated]] as a [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]].<ref name=Dictionary />

On December 17, 1516, he was named [[Roman Catholic Diocese of León in Spain|Bishop of León]], while retaining the archdiocese of Bari.<ref name=Dictionary /> He occupied the see until June 12, 1523.<ref name=Dictionary />

In 1517, Merino helped broker a deal with the pope's enemy Cardinal [[Alfonso Petrucci]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He was also instrumental in rallying [[Siena]] to the papal cause during the [[War of Urbino]].<ref name=Dictionary />

In March 1520, he left for a visit of the Diocese of León, thus beginning an unplanned 13-year absence from the [[papal court]].<ref name=Dictionary /> During the [[Revolt of the Comuneros]], he successfully kept [[León, Spain|León]] loyal to [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles I of Spain]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He also played a role in maintaining the loyalty of [[Murcia]], [[Úbeda]] and Baeza.<ref name=Dictionary />

In 1522, he was nuncio to [[Francis I of France]], with orders to travel to the [[Kingdom of England]] if necessary.<ref name=Dictionary /> His mission was initially to negotiate peace between Francis I of France and [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He later accompanied [[Pope Adrian VI]] on his trip from [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Vitoria|Vitoria]] to [[Tortosa]].<ref name=Dictionary />

On June 12, 1523, Charles I of Spain named him [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jaén|Bishop of Jaén]], with permission to retain the see of Bari (which he did until September 2, 1530).<ref name=Dictionary /> During the [[Italian War of 1521–1526]], Pope Adrian VI in 1523 allied with imperial forces when threatened with another French invasion.<ref name=Dictionary />

After Pope Adrian VI died on September 14, 1523, Merino's nunciature ended and he passed into the service of the Holy Roman Emperor.<ref name=Dictionary /> From November 1523 to May 1524, he was the principal negotiator between Charles V and Francis I.<ref name=Dictionary /> In 1526, the emperor admitted the archbishop to his [[Council of State]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He was later named supplier general of the [[Naval fleet|armada]] that was designed to take the emperor to [[Italy]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He left [[Barcelona]] with the emperor on August 2, 1529, disembarking in [[Genoa]] ten days later.<ref name=Dictionary /> On October 8, 1529, he was named imperial ambassador to the [[Holy See]], with orders to speed the [[Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor|imperial coronation]], prepare Italy for Spanish invasion, and to obtain support for [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand of Austria]] in his fight against the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name=Dictionary /> On November 5, 1529, he entered Bologna with the emperor, where the coronation took place on February 24, 1530.<ref name=Dictionary /> In March 1530, he accompanied the emperor to Germany.<ref name=Dictionary />

On September 2, 1530, he was named [[Patriarchate of the West Indies|Patriarch of the West Indies]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He spent much of 1531 ill with [[dropsy]].<ref name=Dictionary /> In spring 1532, he settled with the imperial court at [[Regensburg]], the headquarters of forces arrayed against the Ottoman Empire; he was the general supplier of the enterprise.<ref name=Dictionary /> During the second interview with [[Pope Clement VII]] at Bologna, he was one of three ministers tasked with dealing with the [[Protestant Reformation|religious situation in Germany]], along with Cardinals [[Pope Paul III|Alessandro Farnese]], and [[Paolo Emilio Cesi]].<ref name=Dictionary />

At the request of the emperor, Pope Clement VII made him a [[cardinal priest]] in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of February 21, 1533.<ref name=Dictionary /> He received the [[Galero|red hat]] and the [[titular church]] of [[San Vitale, Rome|San Vitale]] on March 3, 1533.<ref name=Dictionary />

He generally represented Spanish interests in the [[College of Cardinals]], replacing Cardinal [[García de Loaysa]], who had returned to Spain.<ref name=Dictionary /> In that capacity, his main goals were: (1) preventing the divorce of [[Henry VIII of England]] and [[Catherine of Aragon]]; and (2) impeding the meeting of Pope Clement VII and Francis I of France for the wedding of [[Henry II of France|Henry, Duke of Orléans]] and [[Catherine de' Medici]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He succeeded in the first but failed in the second task.<ref name=Dictionary /> He also failed in his ambition to become [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toledo|Archbishop of Toledo]] or [[pope]].<ref name=Dictionary />

On September 5, 1534, he opted for the titular church of [[Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Rome|Santi Giovanni e Paolo]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He participated in the [[Papal conclave, 1534|papal conclave of 1534]] that elected [[Pope Paul III]].<ref name=Dictionary />

He was named [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gaeta|Bishop of Gaeta]] on February 17, 1535, and administrator of the [[Diocese of Bovino|see of Bovino]] on April 15, 1535.<ref name=Dictionary />

He died in Rome, at his palace in ''piazza di Pasquino'', on July 28, 1535.<ref name=Dictionary /> He was initially buried in [[Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore]].<ref name=Dictionary /> His remains were later transferred to [[Santa Maria in Monserrato degli Spagnoli]].<ref name=Dictionary />

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*((Cite web|last=Cheney |first=David M.|authorlink=|title=Patriarchate of West Indies|website=[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]|date=|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dw502.html|accessdate=June 16, 2018)) (for Chronology of Bishops) [[Wikipedia:SPS|((sup|[''self-published'']))]]
*((Cite web|last=Chow |first=Gabriel|authorlink=|title=Titular Patriarchal See of Indias Occidentales|website=GCatholic.org|date=|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/wind0.htm |accessdate=June 16, 2018)) (for Chronology of Bishops) [[Wikipedia:SPS|((sup|[''self-published'']))]]

((s-start))
((s-rel|ca))
((succession box
| title  = [[Archbishop of Bari]]
| years  = 1513–1516
| before = [[Giovanni Giacomo Castiglione]]
| after  = [[Girolamo Grimaldi (died 1543)|Girolamo Grimaldi]]))
((succession box
| title  = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of León in Spain|Bishop of León]]
| years  = 1516–1523
| before = [[Luigi d'Aragona]]
| after  = [[Pedro Manuel]]))
((succession box
| title  = [[Bishop of Jaén]]
| years  = 1523–1535
| before = [[Alonso Suárez de la Fuente del Sauce]]
| after  = [[Alessandro Farnese (iuniore)]]))
((succession box
| title  = [[Patriarch of West Indies]]
| years  = 1530–1535
| before = [[Antonio de Rojas Manrique]]
| after  = [[Fernando Niño de Guevara (patriarch)|Fernando Niño de Guevara]]))
((succession box
| title  = [[Cardinal-Priest]] of [[San Vitale, Rome|San Vitale]]
| years  = 1533–1534
| before = [[Marino Grimani (cardinal)|Marino Grimani]]
| after  = [[St. John Fisher]]))
((succession box
| title  = [[Cardinal-Priest]] of [[Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio|Santi Giovanni e Paolo]]
| years  = 1534–1535
| before = [[Willem van Enckenvoirt]]
| after  = [[Afonso de Portugal]]))
((succession box
| title  = [[Bishop of Bovino|Administrator of Bovino]]
| years  = 1535
| before = [[Benedetto de Accolti (iuniore)]]
| after  = [[Alfonso Oliva]]))
((s-end))

((Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Spain))
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((DEFAULTSORT:Merino, Esteban Gabriel))
[[Category:1535 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century Spanish cardinals]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

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