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((Short description|Estonian post-1917 revolution government))
((more citations needed|date=November 2013))
((expand Estonian|date=July 2023|topic=hist))

The '''Estonian Provincial Assembly''' or '''Estonian State Diet,'''((efn|((lang-et|Eestimaa Kubermangu Ajutine Maanõukogu, (Ajutine) Maanõukogu, Eesti Maanõukogu, (Eesti) Maapäev)))) also often called by its Estonian name '''''Maapäev''''',<ref>((cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of Estonia |last=Miljan |first=Toivo |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8108-4904-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XKWRct15XfkC&pg=PA447 ))</ref> was elected in May–June 1917 during the [[Russian Revolution]] as the provincial parliament (''[[diet (assembly)|diet]]'') of the [[Autonomous Governorate of Estonia]].
On 28 November 1917, after the [[Bolshevik coup]] in [[Russian Republic|Russia]], the Assembly declared itself the sole sovereign power in [[Estonia]] and called for the elections of the [[Estonian Constituent Assembly]]. On the eve of the [[German occupation of Estonia during World War I]] the council elected the [[Estonian Salvation Committee]] and issued the [[Estonian Declaration of Independence]] on 24 February 1918.

==History==

On 12 April 1917 the [[Russian Provisional Government]] issued an order on the provisional autonomy of Estonia. The [[Reval Governorate|Governorate of Estonia]] (now northern Estonia) was merged with [[Estonian language|Estonian-speaking]] northern part of the [[Riga Governorate|Governorate of Livonia]] (now southern Estonia), to form the autonomous [[Guberniya|governorate]]. The Russian Provisional Government decreed that the provincial assembly be created with members elected by indirect [[universal suffrage]].

Elections for the 62 deputies of the Maapäev were held in many stages; members representing the rural communities were elected in two-tiered elections in May–June, while the town representatives were elected in July–August 1917. The election process saw the creation and reorganization of Estonian national parties.

Six parties were represented at the diet, with three independent deputies and two deputies representing the local [[Baltic German|German]] and [[Estonian Swedes|Swedish-speaking]] minorities.

==Results==
((Main|List of members of the Estonian Provincial Assembly))

((Election results
|party1=[[Farmers' Assemblies|Rural League]]|votes1=|seats1=13
|party2=[[Social Travaillist Party|STP]]–[[Estonian Radical Socialist Party|ERSP]]|votes2=|seats2=11
|party3=[[Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party|Estonian Social Democratic Association]]|votes3=|seats3=9
|party4=[[Estonian Socialist Revolutionary Party]]|votes4=|seats4=8
|party5=[[Estonian Democratic Party]]|votes5=|seats5=7
|party6=[[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)]]|votes6=|seats6=5
|party7=[[Estonian Radical Democratic Party]]|votes7=|seats7=4
|party8=[[Baltic Germans]]|votes8=|seats8=1
|party9=[[Estonian Swedes]]|votes9=|seats9=1
|party10=Independents|votes10=|seats10=3
|source=Raun,<ref>Toivo U. Raun (2001) ''Estonia and the Estonians'', Hoover Press, p100</ref> Suny<ref>((cite book |title=The Revenge of the Past |last=Suny |first=Ronald Grigor |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-8047-2247-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-4efW7SvG0YC&pg=PA54 ))</ref>
))

== Aftermath ==
In the wake of the November 1917 [[Bolshevik coup]] in [[Petrograd]] (Saint Petersburg), when the Bolshevik "Estonian Military Revolutionary Committee" staged a similar coup in the Estonian capital [[Reval]] (Tallinn), the ''Maapäev'' refused to recognize the new [[Bolshevik]] rule. The Bolsheviks then attempted to disband the council. In its last meeting on 15 November 1917, the ''Maapäev'' proclaimed itself the supreme legal authority of Estonia until the convening of the [[Estonian Constituent Assembly|Constituent Assembly]]. The Committee of Elders was authorized to issue laws. The council was then dissolved by force on 26 November by the Bolsheviks,<ref>Maesalu, Lukas, Lauer, Pajur and Tannberg, ''History of Estonia'', AS BIT 2002, ((ISBN|9985-2-0606-1))</ref> compelling leading politicians to go underground. In the [[1918 Estonian Constituent Assembly election|Constituent Assembly elections]] in early 1918, which were organised by the Bolsheviks, two-thirds of the voters supported the parties who stood for national statehood. The Bolsheviks then immediately proclaimed the elections null and void. On 19 February 1918, the Committee of Elders of the Land Council decided to proclaim Estonian independence. A [[Salvation Committee]] (a three-member committee formed by the Maapäev as executive body for the time when the activities of the Assembly were hindered) with special powers was set up for that purpose. On 24 February, after the Bolsheviks abandoned [[Tallinn]] and one day before [[German Empire|German]] forces occupied the country's capital city, the Salvation Committee issued a formal declaration of independence of the [[Republic of Estonia]].

After the [[German Empire|German]] occupation of Estonia ended, the Maapäev continued as the legislature of Estonia until 1919.

==See also==
*[[Autonomous Governorate of Estonia]]
*[[Salvation Committee]]
*[[History of Estonia]]
*[[List of Chairmen of the Estonian Provincial Assembly]]
*[[Estonian War of Independence]]
*[[Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Estonian)]]

==Notes==
((Notelist))

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
*[http://kultuur.elu.ee/ke483_poska.htm Tartu rahu sepistaja Jaan Poska väärib monumenti] ((in lang|et))
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080304100811/http://www.baltische-ritterschaften.de/Englische%20Version/index-engl.htm Livland. Estland. Kurland. Œsel.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609123653/http://www.humanrights.coe.int/minorities/Eng/FrameworkConvention/StateReports/1999/estonia/estonian.htm On 28 November 1917, the Estonian Diet (the Maapäev) declared itself fee supreme power in Estonia.]
*[http://www.estonica.org/eng/lugu.html?menyy_id=97&kateg=43&alam=61&leht=5 On 28 November 1917, the Land council proclaimed itself the highest power in Estonia...] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610022327/http://www.estonica.org/eng/lugu.html?menyy_id=97&kateg=43&alam=61&leht=5 |date=10 June 2007 ))
*[http://www.firstworldwar.com/onthisday/1917_11_28.htm On This Day – 28 November 1917]
*[http://www.einst.ee/factsheets/factsheets_uus_kuju/judicial_reform_in_estonia.htm Though the popularly elected Provisional National Council, had proclaimed itself the highest authority in Estonia as early as 28 November 1917...]

((Estonian elections))

[[Category:Elections in Estonia]]
[[Category:1917 elections in Europe|Estonian Provincial Assembly election]]
[[Category:Independence of Estonia]]
[[Category:Defunct unicameral legislatures]]
[[Category:1917 establishments in Estonia]]
[[Category:1918 disestablishments]]
[[Category:May 1917 events|Estonian Provincial Assembly election]]
[[Category:June 1917 events|Estonian Provincial Assembly election]]
[[Category:July 1917 events|Estonian Provincial Assembly election]]
[[Category:August 1917 events|Estonian Provincial Assembly election]]

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