White gum
Eucalyptus alba habit
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. alba
Binomial name
Eucalyptus alba

Eucalyptus alba, commonly known as white gum, khaki gum[3] or poplar gum,[4] is a species of tree that is native to Australia, Timor, and New Guinea. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped to egg-shaped leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and conical to hemispherical fruits.

Flowering in East Timor

Description

Eucalyptus alba is a tree which grows to a height of 5 to 18 m (16 to 59 ft) with a spreading crown 5 to 15 m (16 to 49 ft) wide. The trunk is often bent and has smooth pinkish red to white or cream-coloured, powdery bark. The leaves on young plants are arranged alternately, egg-shaped to more or less round, 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) long and 8–12 cm (3.1–4.7 in) wide. The adult leaves are egg-shaped to lance-shaped, 5–12 cm (2.0–4.7 in) long and 5–8 cm (2.0–3.1 in) wide with both sides a similar shade of green. The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven on a peduncle 4–14 mm (0.2–0.6 in) long. The buds are oval to more or less spherical, with an operculum 3–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long and 4–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide, similar in dimension to the floral cup. White flowers appear from August to November and are sometimes profuse. The fruit are cone-shaped to hemispherical, 4–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and 5–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide.[5][6]

The related Eucalyptus bigalerita is similar in appearance, but has larger leaves, buds and seed pods, and is found in alluvial flats.[7]

Taxonomy

Eucalyptus alba was first described in 1826 by Carl Ludwig Blume, after being discovered by Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt on Timor and the description was published in Blume's book, Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië .[2][8] The specific epithet (alba) is a Latin word meaning "white"[9] and refers to the bark. Within the genus Eucalyptus, this species belongs in the subgenus Symphyomyrtus.[5] Common names include white gum, poplar gum, khaki gum, wongoola, salmon gum and Timor white gum.[10]

Distribution and habitat

A dominant tree in open woodlands, white gum is found from northeastern Western Australia in the Kimberley region across the Top End of the Northern Territory and between the Cape York Peninsula and Rockhampton in Queensland, as well as New Guinea and Timor.[5][6][4] It is often found on ridges and elevated areas,[7] often on poor soil.[5]

Uses

Eucalyptus alba has horticultural appeal as a small ornamental tree,[5] and can also attract birds.[11] It has also been used for fencing in northern Australia, while the flowers have been used in the beekeeping industry for honey.[5] It was valued by aborigines in the Northern Territory for firewood.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ Fensham, R.; Collingwood, T.; Laffineur, B. (2019). "Eucalyptus alba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T61906053A61906056. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T61906053A61906056.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Eucalyptus alba". APNI. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  3. ^ Philip A. Clarke (2012). Australian plants as Aboriginal Tools. Rosenberg Publishing. ISBN 9781922013576.
  4. ^ a b "Eucalyptus alba". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Elliot, Rodger W.; Jones, David L. (1986). "Eu-Go". Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants suitable for cultivation. Vol. 4. Lothian Publishing. pp. 16–17. ISBN 0-85091-213-X.
  6. ^ a b Chippendale, George McCartney (1988). George, Alex S. (ed.). Flora of Australia (Volume 19). Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. pp. 312–313. ISBN 0644058668.
  7. ^ a b c Brock, John (2001) [1988]. Native plants of northern Australia. Frenchs Forest, New South Wales: New Holland Press. pp. 152, 156. ISBN 1-876334-67-3.
  8. ^ Blume, Carl Ludwig (1826). Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie (Volume 17). Batavia. p. 1101. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  9. ^ Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 856.
  10. ^ "Eucalyptus alba". APNI. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  11. ^ "White Gum (Eucalyptus alba)". Waterwise Plant Selector. The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and Mines). 25 January 2012. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
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