White box
Eucalyptus albens habit
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. albens
Binomial name
Eucalyptus albens
Synonyms[2]
  • Eucalyptus hemiphloia var. albens (Benth.) Maiden
  • Eucalyptus albens Benth. var. albens
  • Eucalyptus albens Miq.
  • Eucalyptus hemiphloia var. albens C.Moore & Betche
  • Eucalyptus albens var. elongata Blakely
  • Eucalyptus pallens DC.

Eucalyptus albens, known as the white box,[3] is a common tree of the western slopes and plains of New South Wales and adjacent areas in Queensland and Victoria. It has rough, fibrous bark on the base of its trunk and smooth, white bark above. The leaves are lance-shaped and groups of seven spindle-shaped flower buds are arranged in leaf axils or on the ends of the branches. White flowers are mostly present between August and February and the fruit are barrel-shaped to urn-shaped.

Description

Eucalyptus albens is a tree that grows to a height of 15–25 metres (49–82 ft) high with a straight trunk for about half its total height and a branched, spreading crown. Its trunk may reach 0.5 metres (1 ft 8 in) diameter at breast height and has rough, fibrous, pale grey, sometimes tessellated bark to the base of its larger branches. The bark higher up is smooth and white and is shed annually in short ribbons. The leaves on young plants are arranged alternately, egg-shaped to almost round, bluish grey, 90–150 mm (4–6 in) long, 60–115 mm (2–5 in) wide and have a petiole. Adult leaves are lance-shaped, dull greyish green and paler on one side, 100–160 mm (4–6 in) long and 17–30 mm (0.7–1 in) wide with a petiole 15–22 mm (0.6–0.9 in) long. The flower buds are arranged on a branching inflorescence, each branch with groups of seven buds. The peduncle is flattened or angular and 10–18 mm (0.4–0.7 in) long, each flower on a cylindrical pedicel up to 5 mm (0.2 in) long. The buds are spindle-shaped to more or less cylindrical, 10–18 mm (0.4–0.7 in) long and 4–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide with the operculum cone-shaped and about as long as the floral cup. The flowers are white and appear in the autumn from March to May. The fruit are urn-shaped to barrel-shaped, 6–14 mm (0.2–0.6 in) long and 5–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide.[4][3][5][6][7][8]

E. albens flowers and buds
E. albens fruit

Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus albens was first formally described in 1867 George Bentham in Flora Australiensis, from material collected in several locations, including by botanist and explorer, Allan Cunningham, along the "Macquarrie river".[9][10] In 2009, Anthony Bean selected the material collected by Charles Stuart in the New England district of New South Wales as the lectotype.[11][12] This eucalypt is related to grey box (E. moluccana) and inland grey box (E. microcarpa).[4] Hybridization with grey box has been reported in the Hunter Valley.[3] The specific epithet (albens) is a Latin word meaning "whitening".[13] Both the epithet and common names are derived from the white deposits over the leaves and gumnuts, while the epithet "box" comes from the box-like tessellated pattern in the bark.[4]

The Wiradjuri people of New South Wales use the name birri for the species.[14]

Distribution and habitat

The white box is a tree of grassy eucalypt woodlands on plains or gently sloping areas from south-east Queensland to the western slopes of New South Wales and north-eastern Victoria extending as far south as Yea. Isolated populations occur in the Flinders Ranges and near Melrose South Australia.[6]

It is associated with inland grey box, fuzzy box (E. conica), yellow box (E. melliodora), Pilliga grey box (E. pilligaensis), red ironbark (E. sideroxylon), narrow-leaved ironbark (E. crebra), Blakely's red gum (E. blakelyi), apple species (Angophora), black cypress (Callitris endlicheri), white cypress (Callitris glaucophylla), kurrajong (Brachychiton populneus) and wattles (Acacia) species.[4]

Conservation

Eucalyptus albens is a component of the "WhiteBox Yellow Box Blakelys' Red Gum Woodland" commonly referred to as "Box-Gum Woodland" that is classed as "critically endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as an "endangered ecological community" under the New South Wales Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016.[15][16][17]

Uses

The heavy and hard wood is used for railway sleepers and fence posts. The flowers produce nectar for the honey industry.[5][4]

References

  1. ^ Fensham, R., Laffineur, B. & Collingwood, T. 2019. Eucalyptus albens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T133377688A133377690. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T133377688A133377690.en. Downloaded on 20 September 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Eucalyptus albens". APNI. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  3. ^ a b c Hill, Ken (July 2001). "Eucalyptus albens – New South Wales Flora Online". PlantNET – The Plant Information Network System. 2.0. Sydney, Australia: The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  4. ^ a b c d e Boland, Douglas J.; Brooker, M. Ian H.; Chippendale, G. M.; McDonald, Maurice W. (2006). Forest trees of Australia. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. p. 464. ISBN 0-643-06969-0.
  5. ^ a b "Eucalyptus albens". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  6. ^ a b "Eucalyptus albens". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  7. ^ Brooker, M. Ian; Slee, Andrew V. "Eucalyptus albens". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  8. ^ Chippendale, George McCartney; George, Alex S. (ed.) (1988). Flora of Australia Volume 19. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. pp. 394–396. ((cite book)): |first2= has generic name (help)
  9. ^ "Eucalyptus albens". APNI. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  10. ^ Bentham, George; von Mueller, Ferdinand (1867). Flora Australiensis. Vol. 3. London: Lovell Reeve & Co. p. 219. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  11. ^ "Eucalyptus albens". APNI. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  12. ^ Bean, Anthony R. (2009). "axonomic and nomenclatural notes on the Eastern grey boxes (Eucalyptus ser. Moluccanae Chippendale, Myrtaceae) and the reinstatement of Eucalyptus woollsiana R.T.Baker". Austrobaileya. 8 (1): 30. JSTOR 41739103. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  13. ^ Lewis, Charlton T. (1890). An Elementary Latin Dictionary. New York: American Book Company. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  14. ^ Williams, Alice; Sides, Tim, eds. (2008). Wiradjuri Plant Use in the Murrumbidgee Catchment. Murrumbidgee Catchment Management Authority. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-7347-5856-9.
  15. ^ "White Box Yellow Box Blakely's Red Gum Woodland – profile". New South Wales Government Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  16. ^ "White Box – Yellow Box – Blakely's Red Gum Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands listing advice and conservation advice" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  17. ^ "White Box-Yellow Box- Blakely's Red Gum (Box-Gum) woodland fact-sheet" (PDF). New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 20 February 2019.

Further reading

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