EUCLID, also called Pôle Universitaire Euclide or Euclid University, is an international intergovernmental organization with a university charter established in 2008. It has official headquarters in The Gambia and in the Central African Republic, but also maintains an executive office in Washington, D.C. Its primary mandate is to train officials for its Participating States but its programs are also offered to the general public. The institution's current Secretary-General is Winston Dookeran.
History
EUCLID's origins are connected with the creation of a group of universities called "Euclid Consortium" by the University of Bangui and the University of N'Djamena in 2006. The project was administered by the International Organization for Sustainable Development, an international non-governmental organization headed by Syed Zahid Ali.[1]
First conceived as an international extension for the University of Bangui, "Euclid" was redefined and constituted and a distinct institution in 2008 by an intergovernmental convention. The same year, the rector of the University of Bangui, Faustin-Archange Touadera was appointed as Prime Minister, and signed the convention formalizing his country's participation in EUCLID in 2010.[2]
In January 2008, Syed Zahid Ali, acting as Secretary-General of IOSD, presented to various government representative attending a conference of the Islamic Chamber of Commerce and Industry a new legal framework called EUCLID Phase 2.[3][4] Soon after, several governments interested in using the Euclid programs to train their own staff approved the statutes of the new international university which entered into force in April 2008.[5]
Treaty information and legal status
United Nations treaty publication
According to the United Nations Treaty Series records, the EUCLID Open Memorandum of Understanding is classified as a "multilateral treaty" and entered into force in April 2008.[6] The "Updated Framework Agreement" entered into force in September 2009.[7]
The agreements signed by the Gambia were registered by the Permanent Mission of the Gambia to the United Nations in 2013.[8]
The initial 2008 agreement indicated that "The operational offices of EUCLID are allowed to remain in Brussels, Belgium and may be relocated or extended elsewhere upon recommendation of the Governing Board or by resolution of the Oversight Council" (Statutes II.3).[9]
In 2011, EUCLID signed a first headquarters agreement with the Central African Republic and obtained office space in the Prime Minister's building and on the campus of the University of Bangui.[10] In 2013, owing to instability affecting Bangui and the Central African Republic, EUCLID signed a new headquarters agreement with the Republic of The Gambia, and leases offices in the Brusubi area of Banjul.[11][12] Following the return of stability in the Central African Republic and the election of EUCLID's founding father and high steward Faustin-Archange Touadéra as president of the country in 2016, EUCLID signed an office sharing agreement with the National School of Administration and Magistracy (ENAM).[13] As of 2017, EUCLID maintains both headquarters locations and is registered in the UNESCOIAU World Higher Education Database under Central African Republic rather than Gambia.[14]
Treaty-related domain and intellectual property rights
EUCLID signed in 2015 a joint degree program agreement with CAFRAD, an intergovernmental organization dedicated to public administration in Africa, serving 36 Member States.[18] A similar joint degree program agreement was signed the COMESA Leather Product Institute.[19] These agreements regulate the following programs:
MBA in Islamic Finance
MBA in Leather Commerce and Industry
Master's in International Public Administration
Special programs
EUCLID was also involved in delivering distance-learning programs to civil servants in cooperation with the Ministry of Education of Eritrea between 2008 and 2012.[20][21]
In 2016, EUCLID coordinated a series of events for the United Nations World Interfaith Harmony Week and was awarded first prize by the jury, with a gold medal to be presented to the EUCLID delegation in April 2016 by King Abdullah II of Jordan.[39]
Accreditation and recognition
Central African Republic as Headquarters State
The Permanent Delegation to UNESCO posted in 2016 its filing which includes EUCLID as "recognized / accredited".[40] EUCLID is accredited by the Ministry of Higher Education of Central African Republic as Headquarters State.[41]
Gambia as Headquarters State
The National UNESCO Commission of Gambia posted in 2014 its "UNESCO Portal to Recognized Higher Education Institutions" documents which now include EUCLID (Euclid University) as "recognized / accredited".[42] EUCLID holds institutional accreditation from the country's National Accreditation and Quality Assurance Authority (NAQAA).[43]
UN statement
The Permanent Mission of the Central African Republic to the United Nations wrote to the UN Secretariat in October 2012 to complain that the world's 5 international universities were not included in the UN Inspira database. In December 2012, the United Nations replied that "both IAU/UNESCO and the UN Secretariat recognize Euclide- Pole Universitaire Euclide and the other four UN institutions ... as being accredited" in spite of not being included in Inspira. The UN also indicated that these institutions which are "regional or global in nature" would be included under their headquarters states in future editions of the IAU WHED database used by the United Nations.[44] The transfer was completed in September 2017.
Other participating states and Africa
The 2008 intergovernmental agreement states in its Article I that "EUCLID is chartered to confer diplomas, degrees and completion certificates accredited by the ministries of Education of the Participating Parties."[45]
Gambia[46] and Timor-Leste[47] indicate that the degrees issued by EUCLID upon completion of the required coursework will be legally valid for use in the country by the graduates.
According to the Permanent Mission of the Central African Republic to the United Nations, the UNESCO Regional Convention on the Recognition of Studies, Certificates, Diplomas, Degrees and other Academic Qualifications in Higher Education in the African States applies to EUCLID with effect in the 22 ratifying States.[48][49]
EUCLID is since June 2012 a member of the Association of African Universities[50] which requires its members to be accredited.[51]
United States
EUCLID is not a US-based university and it not accredited by an organization recognized by the U.S. Department of Education or Council on Higher Education Accreditation, but maintains an address in Washington, DC "exclusively used for appointments and meetings either with or by government-sponsored and government affiliated staff".[52]
The letters sent in 2012 by the governments of Burundi, Central African Republic and Comoros to the US Department of State describe the institution as being "duly chartered to confer degrees by its Participating States and enjoys full academic accreditation according to its constitutive mandate under international law (Article I)."[53]
Between 2008 and 2010, the state of Maine formerly listed "Euclid University" as an unaccredited institution. Maine removed the school from its list after receiving correspondence from EUCLID.[54][55]
Michigan published until 2012 a list of non-CHEA recognized universities whose graduates could not use their degree for public service employment, a list that included both "Euclid University" and the "United Nations University". Following an exchange of letters with EUCLID, Michigan ceased maintaining a list of institutions lacking CHEA recognition, but advises that EUCLID graduates and all graduates from non-CHEA recognized universities applying for jobs with the State of Michigan must demonstrate that their degrees are equivalent to studies at a similar school accredited by a CHEA-recognized accrediting body.[56][57]
In December 2013, following a correspondence with EUCLID's legal counsel and two ambassadors to the United States, Oregon's Attorney General's office wrote that the Oregon Office of Degree Authorization (ODA) had stopped maintaining and publishing its list of unrecognized universities. Regarding "Euclid University", the ODA had since 2008 posted the notice: "ODA is currently evaluating the present legal status of this entity."[58] The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board removed "Euclid University" from its list of "list of Institutions Whose Degrees are Illegal to Use in Texas" in October 2018.[59][60]
References
^"ACUNS Euclid University". Academic Council of the United Nations System. March 2014. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
^"News for January 2008". International Organization for Sustainable Development. January 2008. Archived from the original on 4 July 2008. Retrieved 28 July 2008.
^The Gambia National Commission for UNESCO (June 2013), UNESCO Portal Documents, The Gambia National Commission for UNESCO, archived from the original on 19 July 2016, retrieved 5 August 2016
^Martha Helena Lopez, United Nations, Director, Strategic Planning and Staffing Division (10 December 2012). "Reply to letter with reference 0218/RCA/MP/ONU-12"(PDF). Permanent Mission of the Central African Republic to the United Nations official website.((cite web)): CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Winston Dookeran
Robin van Puyenbroeck
Laurent Cleenewerck
President Faustin-Archange Touadéra
Syed Zahid Ali
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