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((More citations needed|date=November 2020))((short description|United States white supremacist prison and street gang))
((Use mdy dates|date=October 2019))
((Infobox criminal organization
| name              = European Kindred
| image             = Europeankindred.gif
| image_size        =  <!--(defaults to 220px)-->
| caption           = European Kindred emblem
| founded           = ((start date and age|1998))
| founder           =  <!--or | founders = -->
| named_after       = 
| founding_location = [[Snake River Correctional Institution]], Oregon, United States
| years_active      = 1998–present
| territory         = [[Oregon]]
| ethnicity         = [[White Americans|White American]]
| membership_est    = 500<ref name="KGW"/>
| leaders           = 
| activities        = [[Illegal drug trade|Drug trafficking]], [[dog fighting]], [[extortion]], [[murder]], [[assaults]], [[home invasion]]s, [[hate crime]]s
| allies            = <!-- Any and all additions to this section require a reliable source. -->
| rivals            = <!-- Any and all additions to this section require a reliable source. -->
| notable_members   = 
))
The '''European Kindred''' ('''EK''') is a [[Prison gang|prison]] and [[street gang]] that began in the [[Oregon]] prison system.<ref name="urlEuropean Kindred">((cite web |url=https://www.adl.org/education/references/hate-symbols/european-kindred |title=European Kindred |format= |accessdate=))</ref>

==Overview==
As of 2006, [[Probation officer|parole and probation officers]] report the gang may have around 500 members in the Oregon prison system.<ref name="KGW">((cite news|last1=Brenneman|first1=Kristina|date=May 6, 2006|title=Lethal Ore. prison gang is rapidly growing|url=http://www.kgw.com/news-local/stories/kgw_050606_news_prison_gang.172b173a.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603165209/http://www.kgw.com/news-local/stories/kgw_050606_news_prison_gang.172b173a.html|archive-date=June 3, 2009|publisher=[[KGW]]))</ref> EK members have a propensity for violence and are one of the most powerful gangs within the Oregon Department of Corrections.((citation needed|date=July 2014))

The group was founded in 1998 by David Patrick Kennedy and another inmate of [[Eastern Oregon]]'s [[Snake River Correctional Institution]]. Membership in the EK is nearly exclusively male, and membership is restricted to those with no more than one-sixteenth Native American ancestry. The group has a formal structure, rules, and ritual. It is highly secretive.<ref name="insidek">((cite news|last1=Denfeld|first1=Rene|date=November 2, 2006|title=Inside the EK|work=[[Portland Tribune]]|url=https://pamplinmedia.com/component/content/article?id=104995|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132801/http://portlandtribune.com/component/content/article?id=104995|archive-date=March 4, 2016))</ref>

The gang has a reputation for [[extortion]], assaults, moving contraband goods throughout the Oregon correctional institutions, and [[dog fighting]]. New members are encouraged to "earn their bones" (their membership) through hostile action consistent with the group's cause.<ref name=insidek />  

A 2016 [[BBC]] documentary show entitled "A Black and White Killing" focused on the trial (and eventual conviction) of an EK gang member accused of the murder of a young black man. The documentary interviewed an ex-gang member, who stated that EK operates an unbreakable policy of 'Blood in, Blood out'. This rule requires that all potential new gang members must 'shed blood' as a condition of entry to the gang, typically in directed attacks made against members of rival gangs ('blood in'). The former member went on to explain that an attempt to leave the gang is seen as a betrayal of the 'brotherhood' of all remaining gang members - even those who are members of other gangs. 
The price for attempting to leave the gang, once inducted, is one's life. The spilling of the deserting gang member's blood (during their subsequent murder) constitutes the requirement for 'blood out'.

There is no documented information indicating EK members attack prison guards. Outside of prison, EK members appear to be involved in the distribution and possibly manufacture of [[methamphetamine]].

EK members mark their membership with the initials '''EK''' in a shield on their right calf or on other parts of their bodies. Women are associated with the group, but are marked with the initials '''FW'''. The initials represent prison slang: '''F''' stands for "feather", prison slang for female, and '''W''' stands for "wood", prison slang for a caucasian.<ref name=insidek/>

Released members are attempting to recruit new young members in prisons, jails and on the street. According to the ''[[Portland Tribune]]'', EK members claim that they use high schools in the [[Portland, Oregon]] area to find new recruits.<ref name=insidek/>

==Notable crimes==
=== Murder of Anthony Cleo Wilson ===
In 2002, a county [[grand jury]] indicted Joshua Robert Brown, a 21-year-old, on charges of killing Anthony Cleo Wilson, a 47-year-old [[African-American]]. Brown joined European Kindred in 2000 while serving a four-year sentence for robbery. After 3 weeks from being released, police claimed that Brown stabbed Wilson to death. Authorities say Brown's motive may have been that Wilson, who'd been busted for possession and manufacture of narcotics, sold him some bad or phony drugs, but they also believe it may have been a hate crime.<ref>((cite news|last1=Budnick|first1=Nick|date=May 7, 2002|title=Kindred Killing|work=[[Willamette Week]]|url=https://www.wweek.com/portland/article-989-kindred-killing.html|url-status=live|access-date=March 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092558/http://www.wweek.com/portland/article-989-kindred_killing.html|archive-date=April 2, 2015))</ref><ref>((cite magazine|last1=Holthouse|first1=David|date=March 2, 2010|title=Killer Kindred|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2015/killer-kindred|url-status=live|magazine=[[Intelligence Report]]|issue=137|publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313000057/http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2010/spring/killer-kindred|archive-date=March 13, 2014|access-date=March 3, 2015))</ref>

=== Murder of Larnell Bruce ===
((Main|Murder of Larnell Bruce))
On August 10, 2016, European Kindred member Russell Courtier, 38, egged on by his girlfriend Colleen Hunt, 35, used his 1991 [[Jeep Wrangler]] to run over 19-year-old African-American Larnell Bruce. This incident occurred after Larnell propelled Russell’s head into a window, causing a [[concussion]]. Larnell Bruce then walked off after the encounter at a [[7-Eleven]] in [[Gresham, Oregon]]. Security cameras showed the teen attempting to avoid the Jeep and escape before being hit. Police arrived after receiving a call from an employee of the 7-Eleven about the incident and found the teen bleeding, critically injured and lying in the street. Trials were eventually completed in March 2019. On March 13, Hunt pled guilty to [[manslaughter]].<ref>((cite news|last1=Shepherd|first1=Katie|date=March 13, 2019|title=Colleen Hunt Pleads Guilty to Manslaughter For Role in Running Down Black Teenager with a Jeep|work=[[Willamette Week]]|publisher=Mark Zusman|url=https://www.wweek.com/news/courts/2019/03/13/colleen-hunt-pleads-guilty-to-manslaughter-for-role-in-running-down-black-teenager-with-a-jeep/|url-status=live|access-date=March 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804193000/https://www.wweek.com/news/courts/2019/03/13/colleen-hunt-pleads-guilty-to-manslaughter-for-role-in-running-down-black-teenager-with-a-jeep/|archive-date=August 4, 2020))</ref> Six days later, Courtier was convicted of [[murder]] and [[hate crime]].<ref>((cite news|last1=Shepherd|first1=Katie|date=March 19, 2019|title=Jury Finds Russell Courtier Guilty of Murder and Hate Crime in Killing of Larnell Bruce, Jr.|work=[[Willamette Week]]|publisher=Mark Zusman|url=https://www.wweek.com/news/courts/2019/03/19/jury-finds-russell-courtier-guilty-of-murder-and-hate-crime-in-killing-of-larnell-bruce-jr/|url-status=live|access-date=March 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108000213/https://www.wweek.com/news/courts/2019/03/19/jury-finds-russell-courtier-guilty-of-murder-and-hate-crime-in-killing-of-larnell-bruce-jr/|archive-date=November 8, 2020))</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Prison gangs in the United States]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*''[[Hatewatch]]'' – [https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2013/08/28/white-supremacist-gang-members-busted-portland "White Supremacist Gang Members Busted in Portland"]
*''[[The Oregonian]]'' – [https://www.oregonlive.com/gresham/2016/12/video_shows_black_teen_sprinti.html Video shows black teen sprinting for his life; couple accused of murder remain in jail]
*''[[Salon (website)|Salon]]'' – [https://www.salon.com/2016/09/01/oregon-white-supremacist-mowed-down-black-teenager-with-his-jeep/ Oregon white supremacist mowed down black teenager with his Jeep]

((Skinhead))
((Organized crime groups in America))

[[Category:Organizations established in 1998]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in Oregon]]
[[Category:White-supremacist organized crime groups in the United States]]
[[Category:Prison gangs in the United States]]
[[Category:Street gangs]]
[[Category:White nationalism in Oregon]]
[[Category:Gangs in Oregon]]

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