Ezechiele Ramin was born in Padua (in the Venetoregion of Italy) in 1953, the fourth of six sons in a modest family. He studied at a Liceo classico in a Catholic school (Collegio Vescovile Gregorio Barbarigo) where he became aware of the poverty widespread throughout the world. This pushed him to join the charity Mani Tese ("Outstretched Hands"), organising several camps to collect funds in order to support small projects related to the association.[3]
In 1984, he was assigned to Cacoal, in Rondônia (Brazil). On January 20, 1984 he moved to Brasília, where he underwent further education in pastoral care, and finally reached Rondônia in July of that year.[2][3][6][9]
He seemed wary of the situation in Cacoal, but accepted his assignment with the words "If Christ needs me, how can I refuse?"[10]
There he encountered a difficult situation: the many small farmers of the area were oppressed, through both legal and illegal actions, by the local landowners. Also, the indigenous Suruí tribes had only recently been forced to become sedentary by being allocated land by the Brazilian government and were growing restless.[11][12][13]
Inspired by the teachings of Dietrich Bonhoeffer,[3][9] he put himself to the front in their struggle for justice, trying to lead them to a pacifistic protest rather than to start an armed revolution.
The situation he was in brought him to fear for his life. In early 1985 he was threatened with being killed;[7] in many of the letters he wrote to his family in that year he wonders if he will ever see them again.[6][14]
Death and aftermath
On July 24, 1985, Ramin, alongside the local trade union leader Adilio de Souza,[15] chaired a meeting in Fazenda Catuva[2] in Ji-Paraná, in the nearby state of Rondônia,[16] trying to persuade the small farmers employed there to avoid taking arms against the landowners,[17] going against a request of caution issued by his superiors.[18] On his way back with de Souza, at midday,[19] he was attacked by seven pistoleros (hired gunmen) who shot him more than 50 times.[20][21] Before dying, he whispered the words "I forgive you".[18] As Ramin's body couldn't be recovered by his fellow missionaries for about 24 hours after his death, a group of Suruí indios kept vigil until their arrival.[7]
Some days after the event Pope John Paul II declared Ramin a "martyr of charity".[2][4][9][17][18][22]
Ivo Lorscheiter, the then-President of CNBB (the National Conference of Brazilian Bishops), took inspiration from Ramin's murder to urge the Brazilian society to work towards a deep "structural change".[23]
The reaction to Ramin's murder by the local farmers went against his teachings: in November of the same year a landowner and his general manager were killed by the same people Ramin had been trying to help, and some days later another farm manager was shot.[24]
In 1988, two of the men who shot Ramin – Deuzelio Goncalves Fraga and Altamiro Flauzino – were condemned to respectively 24 and 25 years' imprisonment by the Cuiabá tribunal. Others have not been identified nor arrested.[21]
Some years after Ramin's death another Comboni priest from Padua, Pietro Settin, visited the area where Ramin was murdered, discovering that Adilio de Souza, the union leader who had been with Ramin on the day of his death, had become the owner of a piece of land. Settin theorized that he might have received it in exchange for betraying Ramin.[19]
Other activities
Ezechiele Ramin's main hobbies were cycling and playing football;[6] he also wrote poetry.[18] His numerous letters to his friends and family were collected and published in a volume edited by Ercole Ongaro and by Ramin's brother Fabiano, entitled Testimone della speranza – lettere dal 1971 al 1985 (Witness of Hope – Letters 1971 – 1985).[14] Several of them (in Italian) are publicly available.[25]
He also produced a considerable number of drawings, especially in charcoal, that were the subject of an exhibition held in 2010 in his native city of Padua, promoted by the local Comune (municipality) and organised by Maria Cristina Ferin, Federica Millozzi and Fabiano Ramin.[1][7][26] Several of them had already been collected in a book and published.[27]
He documented his experiences through photography.[26]
Tributes
Several initiatives in honour of Ezechiele Ramin are regularly held both in his native Padua and in Cacoal, mostly linked to promoting peaceful protest instead of armed revolution and to awakening the young people's awareness and interest in the missionary world.[28][29][30]
In 2005 – the twentieth anniversary of his death – he was remembered by Padua Archbishop Antonio Mattiazzo in an initiative about modern martyrs;[31] in the same year, a bronze sculpture by Ettore Grego in Ramin's memory was unveiled by Padua MayorFlavio Zanonato in PiazzaSan Giuseppe, in front of the church Ramin used to frequent as a child and young man.[28]
Also in 2005, Catholic Theological Union in Chicago, where Ramin studied, commissioned an icon bearing his image by the renowned icon painter Robert Lentz, who represented Ramin with a turtle dove to symbolise his belief in nonviolence.[20][32] The presence of a halo around Ramin's head is, however, improper according to the Catholic iconography, as Ramin has not been officially recognised as a Saint. Lentz, though, has often added halos to icons representing martyrs not conventionally recognised as saints, such as Albert Einstein,[33]César Chávez[34] and Heȟáka Sápa (Black Elk).[35]
In 2010 he and SisterDorothy Stang were chosen by the Comboni missionaries in Brazil as symbols of the local people's struggle for land ownership.[36]
Besides a collection of his letters to friends and family,[14] three further books about Ramin's life have been published: Lele – creare primavera (Lele – Creating Spring), by Ezio Sorio,[37]Lele vive (Lele Is Alive), by Paulo Lima (2005),[38] and Ezechiele Ramin: la forza di una testimonianza (Ezechiele Ramin: the Strength of a Witness) by fellow Comboni missionary Giovanni Munari.[39]
In 1998 RAI, the Italian national television network, commissioned La casa bruciata, a TV movie inspired by his life. It was directed by Massimo Spano with a soundtrack by Ennio Morricone and featured Giulio Scarpati.[40][41][42]
In late 2011 a musical reading of selected passages from Ezechiele Ramin testimone della speranza. Lettere e scritti 1971 – 1985 was organized in Padova on Human Rights Day, with actor Andrea Pennacchi and the international "music collective" Luomodellazappa.[43]
Two Italian Comuninamed a street after "Padre Ezechiele Ramin": Padua, the city of his birth,[44] and Rome.[45]
Cadoneghe, in the province of Padua, dedicated an auditorium to him[46] and Padua named a nursery school after him.[47] Again in Padua, the non-profit association Angoli di Mondo (Corners of the World) opened a public information centre, the Centro di Documentazione Ezechiele Ramin.[48]
The parish of Saint Richard of Andria in Andria (in Apulia) dedicated its meeting and recreation room to Ramin.[49]
In Brazil, in Picos (Piauí), the Angoli di Mondo association supported the building and activation of a day care centre for street children that was named after Ramin.[50]
Beatification cause
The Comboni missionaries, led by Superior General Teresino Serra, are advancing the cause for Ramin's martyrdom (and therefore his status as a blessed and possibly as a saint) to be formally recognised by the Catholic Church.[51] Among the Comboni Missionary community in Latin America, it is said that "for them and the people who knew him, Ramin is already a saint".[52]
He is considered a "witness of the faith".[53][54]
^ abcdefPiera Cori (July 13, 2010). "Ezechiele Ramin" (in Italian). Piera Cori – Alla Tua Presenza. Archived from the original on March 22, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
^Denise Zmekhol (August 21, 2003). "Children of the Amazon". Center for Latin American Studies, University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on June 11, 2010. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
