The year of the foundation of the first synagogue on this site is disputed. Some opinions date it to 1838, others to 1841. The temple was first opened for a Jewish community that, after 1870, joined the so-called status quo ante trend of Hungarian and Transylvanian Judaism. A dozen years later, this community became Neolog. It was located on Kunz Embankment, on the banks of the Bega Canal, next to the Archduke's House, built after 1868, and the Josef Kunz Palace (1892), which were "the symbolic monumental gateway to the Fabric district".[3]
The Fabric Synagogue was built according to a project by the Hungarian architect Lipót Baumhorn,[4] who designed, among other things, the Neolog synagogues in Brașov and Szeged. The new building was designed according to the tradition of the great contemporary Neolog synagogues of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, it is similar in shape to the synagogues in Rijeka, Szolnok and Zrenjanin, built according to the plans of the same architect. Delighted by the plan, the Jews of Fabric formed a temple construction committee, chaired by David Blau, a spirit maker. Sándor Kohn, the sales representative and lawyer of the brick company Kunz and Partners, and Miksa Steiner, the owner of a lye factory, also played a major role.[5] It is interesting that part of the financing of the construction was covered by a lottery organized by the City Hall.[5] The work was entrusted to the Timișoara entrepreneur Josef Kremer.[6] The synagogue was inaugurated on 3 September 1899, with a sermon by Rabbi Jakab Singer, in the presence of the head of the community, Bernát Deutsch, and the mayor of Timișoara, Carol Telbisz. The organ was built by the famous Timișoara craftsman Carl Leopold Wegenstein [de].
During the war years, after the confiscation of the school premises, the courses of the Israelite High School continued, for a time, inside the synagogue.[5] The synagogue fell into decay at the end of the communist period, closing in 1985 as most of the Jews left in the city after World War II emigrated to Israel. It was closed for 24 years, during which time it was vandalized several times and several valuables, such as sculptures or pieces of furniture, were stolen. In 2009, because it had no money for renovation and the synagogue was in an advanced state of decay, the Jewish Community of Timișoara ceded the synagogue for a period of 35 years to the Timișoara National Theatre, which wanted to turn it into a performance hall.[7] TNTm had seven years to complete the project, but due to lack of funds, it had to give up. In 2018, the synagogue was taken over by the Timișoara City Hall (for a period of 40 years), which promised to transform it into an unconventional cultural space.[8] Since nothing has changed, the synagogue returned to the Jewish Community of Timișoara in 2020.[1] It was taken over again by Timișoara City Hall in 2023 for maintenance, rehabilitation and restoration in order to transform it into a tourist and cultural objective.[9]
Architecture
Fabric Synagogue is one of the most beautiful buildings in Timișoara, notable for its very rich decorative ensemble. Its plan is square, with a central dome that connects to the outer walls through semicircular arches. The central dome rests on an octagonal tambour, made of plastered and painted wood.[10] The building also stands out through its small domes and towers, and on the polychrome facades the plaster alternates with the apparent red-yellow brick (Klinkersteine).[11]
The Fabric Synagogue features neo-Moorish elements combined with Gothic and neo-Renaissance elements. The height of the building is marked by the adjoining columns, and the upper part is provided with decorative railings.[12] The building has two entrances, one for women and one for men. The one for women is on the street, and from it one can get upstairs. Upstairs is also the organ. The men have the entrance through a vestibule (pulish), and from here they reach the room reserved for them (heichal), where there are several wooden benches.[10]
^Neumann, Victor (1999). Istoria evreilor din Banat: o mărturie a multi- și interculturalității Europei central-orientale. Bucharest: Atlas. ISBN9789739927543. OCLC49578555.
^ abcNeumann, Getta (2019). Pe urmele Timișoarei evreiești: mai mult decât un ghid. Timișoara: Brumar. ISBN9786067261455.
^Pintilie, Ileana (2001–2002). "Interferențe regionale în arhitectura de stil 1900 reflectată în opera lui Lipót Baumhorn". Studii și comunicări. Arad. 7: 316–317.
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