Fairbourne Railway Rheilffordd y Friog
Official badge of the railway
Locale	Wales
Terminus	Fairbourne and Barmouth Ferry
Coordinates	52°41′42″N 4°03′03″W / 52.69512°N 4.05085°W / 52.69512; -4.05085
Commercial operations
Name	Fairbourne Miniature Railway
Built by	Narrow Gauge Railways Ltd
Original gauge	1895-1916: 2 ft (610 mm) 1916-1940:
Preserved operations
Owned by	North Wales Coast Light Railway
Operated by	Fairbourne Railway Limited, supported by Fairbourne Railway Preservation Society
Stations	2 and 4 halts
Length	2 miles (3.2 km)
Preserved gauge	1947 - 1986: 15 in (381 mm) (restored as dual gauge in 2017 from Fairbourne station to Car Park crossing) 1986 – present: 12+1⁄4 in (311 mm)
Commercial history
Opened	1895
1916	converted to 15 in (381 mm)
Closed	1940
Preservation history
1925	Arrival of Bassett-Lowke locomotive Count Louis
1927	Brief period of dual gauge operation (18 in (457 mm) and 15 in (381 mm))
1935	First Internal Combustion locomotive Whippit Quick arrives.
1947	Purchased and re-opened by John Wilkins
1959	Fairbourne Station expanded
1976	Line extended to its present length
1984	Purchased by John Ellerton
1986	regauged to 12+1⁄4 in (311 mm)
1995	Purchased by Professor Tony Atkinson and Dr Roger Melton
2006	Fairbourne Railway Supporter's Association becomes Fairbourne Railway Preservation Society
Route map Legend Barmouth Ferry Jack Steele Tunnel Estuary Halt passing loop Loop Halt Golf Halt Beach Halt Penrhyn Corner crossing Car Park crossing Springfield crossing former section to old brickworks Fairbourne Fairbourne Cambrian Line to Shrewsbury & Pwllheli This diagram: view talk edit

The Fairbourne Railway (Welsh: Rheilffordd y Friog) is a 12+1⁄4 in (311 mm) gauge miniature railway running for 2 miles (3.2 km) from the village of Fairbourne on the Mid-Wales coast, alongside the beach to the end of a peninsula at Barmouth Ferry railway station, where there is a connection with the Barmouth Ferry across the Mawddach estuary to the seaside resort of Barmouth (Welsh: Abermaw).^[1]

History

The line has provided a service between Fairbourne village and Penrhyn Point since its opening in 1895 as a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge horse-drawn construction tramway. It was converted in 1916 to 15 in (381 mm) gauge, and again to its present gauge in 1986. Originally built to carry building materials, the railway has carried holidaymakers for over a hundred years. At its peak in the 1970s it was carrying in excess of 70,000 passengers a year.^[2]

The early days – Fairbourne Tramway

Following the construction of the Cambrian Coast Line in 1865 and the completion of the Barmouth Bridge in 1867 there were lavish schemes to develop the area for tourism, the area being easily accessible to day-trippers and weekend visitors from the Midlands.^[3]

There were several horse-drawn construction tramways in the area serving the Henddol Quarry above the neighbouring village of Friog. The tramway that was used to construct the Fairbourne village soon introduced passenger cars to transport people to the ferry station.^[4]

The pioneering days – Fairbourne Miniature Railway

The line was converted to a 15 in (381 mm) gauge steam railway in 1916 by Wenman Joseph Bassett-Lowke of Narrow Gauge Railways Ltd (NGR). They were keen to promote tourism in the area after the failure of the Arthog scheme in the early 1900s. The railway played an important part in the development of the 15 in (381 mm) gauge railways in the UK. Services were operated by Bassett-Lowke Class 10 locomotive Prince Edward of Wales designed by Henry Greenly and passengers were conveyed in four open top carriages.

The railway had mixed fortunes during the inter war years and went through a series of changes in ownership. At one time it was leased to the ferrymen. The railway experienced motive power problems and at one stage experimented with dual gauge track after purchasing an 18 in (457 mm) gauge locomotive. This was a model of a GNR Stirling 4-2-2. A third rail was laid as far as the Golf Course.

The line closed in 1940 after operating its final year with Whippit Quick, a Lister 'Railtruck' petrol locomotive, as the steam locomotive Count Louis was out of service.

The Wilkins era – 1947–1984

The railway was rescued by a consortium of businessmen from the Midlands in 1946 and after rebuilding, was reopened by 1947. The line's owner John Charles Wilkins (of Wilkins & Mitchell, Darlaston), funded the redevelopment of the railway and the purchase of new steam locomotives. The line's heyday was in the 1960s and early 1970s but the advent of mass foreign holidays meant there was a steady decline in passenger numbers during the 1970s and 1980s.

The Ellerton era – 1984–1995

Towards the end of the Wilkins era, the condition of the Fairbourne Railway was in serious decline and in much need of improvements. It was, subsequently, put up for sale. It was bought in 1984 by the Ellerton family^[5] and underwent dramatic changes to the infrastructure which included construction of a new station at Fairbourne and the re-gauging to 12¼ inches in 1986 to accommodate the four new steam locomotives introduced. Most of the 15 in (381 mm) gauge locomotives left the site. Two of the new locomotives had run on the Réseau Guerlédan Chemin de Fer Touristique in Brittany, France in 1978. All four steam locomotives are half sized replicas of narrow gauge engines: Yeo, Sherpa, Beddgelert and Russell. Of the extant 15 in (381 mm) gauge locomotives only Sylvia (rebuilt as Lilian Walter) remained. Most of the 15 in (381 mm) gauge locomotives are still intact and have found homes on lines around the world.

In 1990 the railway built their first steam locomotive, Number 24, a replica of a locomotive from the Sandy River & Rangeley Lakes Railroad in Maine. The locomotive has since left the line and now operates on the Cleethorpes Coast Light Railway in Lincolnshire.

The Ellerton family sold the railway during 1995, after which, the railway reverted to the name of Fairbourne Railway.

Present: 1995 onwards

Professor Tony Atkinson and Dr Roger Melton bought the line in April 1995, they and their wives Mrs Maureen Atkinson and Mrs Amanda Melton being appointed directors. There was considerable investment in the railway to improve reliability of the locomotives and the quality of the track, and a new attraction, the Rowen Centre, was set up at Fairbourne station. In 2007 some of the displays were changed to accommodate a large G scale model railway which is gradually being added to and improved by local model engineers.^[6]

In 2008 ownership of the railway was transferred to a charity, the North Wales Coast Light Railway Limited (Registered number 1127261). Professor Atkinson subsidised the railway's operation but the subsidy was withdrawn after he died on 19 June 2011, leaving the railway's future in doubt.^[7] With reductions in staff and by the encouragement of donations the railway has been able to continue in operation.^[8]

The previous 15 inch gauge was restored as part of a dual gauge track from Fairbourne station as far as Car Park crossing over the winter of 2016/17 to allow visiting 15 inch gauge stock to run on at least part of the line^[9][10] usually as part of special events.^[11]

Preservation Society

Like most heritage railways, the Fairbourne Railway has an active volunteer society: Fairbourne Railway Preservation Society (formerly the Fairbourne Railway Supporter's Association). The society is actively involved with the running of services and maintaining the locomotives, rolling stock, stations and track work.^[12]

Stations and facilities

Image	Name	Notes
	Fairbourne (FR)	Fairbourne station is the main headquarters of the line and location of the locomotive and carriage sheds and workshops. There is a small museum containing many photographs of the line, a nature centre, G scale model railway, tea room, booking office and gift shop. From here trains head along Beach Road crossing over three level crossings before arriving at Beach Halt.
	Beach Halt	Beach Halt serves the beach, car park and amusement arcade. The station was formerly known as "Bathing Beach" during the time as a 15 in (381 mm) line. Typically, trains pass approximately 4 minutes after departing Fairbourne. From here trains head northward through the dunes, skirting the beach before arriving at Golf Halt.
	Golf Halt	Golf Halt serves the 9 hole golf course and beach. Trains pass approximately 7 minutes after departing Fairbourne. From here trains continue northwards alongside the sea wall before reaching Loop Halt.
	Loop Halt	Loop Halt serves the embankment footpath to Morfa Mawddach and the Barmouth Bridge. Trains pass here approximately 9 minutes after leaving Fairbourne. Trains continue into the passing loop and during the two train service pass each other. The line then sweeps out into the sand dunes.
	Estuary Halt	Estuary Halt is adjacent to the Jack Steele Tunnel and serves the car park at the end of Penrhyn Drive North. Trains pass here approximately 16 minutes after leaving Fairbourne. From here trains continue through the tunnel and more dunes before arriving at Barmouth Ferry.
	Barmouth Ferry	Barmouth Ferry is the northern terminus of the railway and is situated on a balloon loop so the locomotives do not have to run round their trains (in practice, this is rarely used as all coaching stock has doors on only one side, so the locomotives run around the coaches in the traditional manner and set off for Fairbourne in the opposite direction to their arrival). It is also the site of the Harbour View café and from here passengers can catch the pedestrian ferry across the estuary to Barmouth.

Operation

Steam Locomotives haul most of the passenger services, some of the locomotives are approximately half-size replicas of famous narrow gauge prototype locomotives such as the Class B Tanks from the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway and the Manning Wardle Tanks of the Lynton and Barnstaple Railway.