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((Short description|Supermarket in Michigan. U.S.))
((More citations needed|date=September 2009))
((Infobox company
| name                = Farmer Jack
| logo                = Farmerjacklogo.png
| logo_size           = 250px
| logo_  padding      = 
| logo_alt            = 
| logo_caption        = 
| image               = Farmer682.jpg
| former_name         = ((Unbulleted list|Tom's Quality Meats (1924&ndash;1945)|Lucky Stores (1945&ndash;1955)|Food Fair (1945&ndash;1955)|Borman Food Stores Inc. (1955&ndash;1959)<br />Traded as Food Fair|Borman's Inc. (1959&ndash;1987)))
| image_caption       = Farmer Jack store in [[Taylor, Michigan]] in 2006.
| type                = [[Subsidiary]]
| traded_as           = 
| ISIN                = 
| industry            = [[Retailer|Retail (Grocery)]]
| fate                = [[Takeover|Acquisition]] by [[The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company|A&P]], then [[liquidation]]
| founded             = ((start date and age|1924|p=y)) in [[Detroit, Michigan]], U.S.
| founders            = Tom Borman and Sam Burlak
| defunct             = ((end date and age|2007|7|7))
| hq_location         = 
| hq_location_city    = [[Detroit, Michigan]]
| hq_location_country = U.S.
| num_locations       = 100 at peak (1995)<br />67 at liquidation
| num_locations_year  = ((start date|2007))
| areas_served        = [[Michigan]]
| key_people          = 
| products            = [[Bakery]], [[Dairy products|dairy]], [[Delicatessen|deli]], [[frozen foods]], [[General line of merchandise|general grocery]], [[meat]], [[produce]], [[seafood]], [[Snack food|snacks]], [[liquor]]
| brands              = Various
| revenue             = ((decrease)) US$98 million
| revenue_year        = 1997
| num_employees       = 7,200 (1997)
| num_employees_year  = 
| parent              = [[The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company]] (1987-2007)
| divisions           = 
| subsid              = 
| module              = 
| website             = 
| footnotes           = 
| coordinates = 
))

'''Farmer Jack''' was a [[supermarket]] chain based in [[Detroit, Michigan]]. At its peak, it operated more than 100 stores, primarily in metropolitan Detroit.  In its final years, the chain operated as the Midwest subsidiary of the New Jersey-based [[The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company|A&P Corporation]]. A&P closed the Farmer Jack chain on July 7, 2007.

Farmer Jack stores were typically in suburban neighborhoods, usually anchoring strip malls. In addition to offering groceries, each store operated full-service produce, floral, [[delicatessen]], [[bakery]], [[pharmacy]], meat, and seafood departments, with some locations including a bank.

==History==
Farmer Jack's beginnings were in 1924, when [[Jewish-Russian]] immigrants Tom Borman and Sam Burlak opened a neighborhood grocery store, '''Tom's Quality Meats''', at 12th and Forest in Detroit. In 1927, his brother Abraham "Al" Borman opened a store on Kercheval on the city's east side. The brothers eventually formed a partnership, which ended in 1945, with Tom developing Lucky Stores, and Al developing Food Fair markets. In 1955, the two operations merged into Food Fair, operating under the corporate entity Borman Food Stores Inc. Four years later, the renamed Borman's Inc., sold more than 400,000 shares of stock, with the brothers retaining control. Proceeds from the stock sale fueled a buying binge: Borman's bought State Super Markets of [[Ferndale, Michigan|Ferndale]]; American Stores Inc., acquired nine Lipson-Gourwitz Co. markets in Detroit, planning an expansion to 46 stores.

In 1966, Borman announced the opening of three suburban shopping centers that would contain gas stations, car washes, garden supply stores, [[Yankee Stores|Yankee]] discount stores, and food stores, operating under the new moniker of ''Farmer Jack''. By 1972, Detroit became a major zone of grocery store competition, with six chains competing in the region, including [[Chatham (grocer)|Chatham]] and Great Scott!  In a speech, Paul Borman claimed [[The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company|A&P]]'s move to discount-type stores had nearly destroyed the supermarket industry.

Borman acquired the 13-store Arnold Drug pharmacy chain in 1965,<ref>((cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/100100694/ | title=Borman to acquire drug stores | work=Detroit Free Press | date=January 15, 1965 | access-date=March 19, 2019 | pages=4D))</ref> but dissolved this division in 1981 in order to cut financial losses.<ref>((cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/97776223/ | title=Borman's says it lost $3 million in 1981 | work=Detroit Free Press | date=March 24, 1982 | access-date=March 19, 2019 | pages=1B))</ref>

In 1987, Borman's was flush with cash, and took advantage of [[Safeway Inc.|Safeway]]'s troubles as an opportunity to diversify its store base beyond Michigan when it bought that chain's 60-store [[Salt Lake City]] division. Those stores were throughout [[Utah]], southern [[Idaho]], and in adjacent towns in [[Nevada]] and [[Wyoming]]. The Safeway stores were renamed ''Farmer Jack''; the company planned to remodel and update them, as Safeway had not invested much in the division. The expansion was short-lived and by the end of 1988, Farmer Jack sold the 60-store division to various retailers including 29 stores to [[Boise, Idaho]]-based retailer [[Albertsons (SuperValu)|Albertsons]]. Later in 1987, a lengthy strike by Detroit-area clerks and cashiers, who were not supported by meat cutters or [[Teamsters]], depleted Borman's cash reserve and forced the company to buy out 800 workers at the cost of $12.9 million (~$((Format price|((Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=12900000|start_year=1987)))) in ((Inflation/year|US-GDP))).((citation needed|date=October 2016)) The 1987 strike started a period of losses that would prompt the sale to A&P.

In 1989, beginning a decade of [[merger mania]] in the supermarket business, A&P paid $76&nbsp;million (~$((Format price|((Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=76000000|start_year=1989)))) in ((Inflation/year|US-GDP))) for 79 Farmer Jack stores operated by Borman's. The buyout made A&P the top player among grocery stores in southeastern Michigan, with a 36% share. By 1994, all A&P stores in [[metro Detroit]] had been converted to Farmer Jack stores.

In the mid-1990s, A&P rebranded select stores within the East (mostly in [[Virginia]] and [[South Carolina]]) to the Farmer Jack banner; while they shared the same name, these stores were not controlled by the Midwest division.<ref name=patterson>((cite web| last=Patterson| first=Philana| title=Grocer To Convert To Upscale Format| url=http://articles.dailypress.com/1996-03-30/business/9603290345_1_food-lion-fresh-super| work=Daily Press| access-date=20 March 2014))</ref>  These stores were closed or sold by 1999.<ref name=lion>((cite news| title=Food Lion Acquiring Farmer Jack Stores| url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=VP&p_theme=vp&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAFFC40D4EAF8D4&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM| date=26 February 1999| work=[[The Virginian-Pilot]]| location=Norfolk, Virginia| publisher=NewsBank| access-date=2013-12-17))</ref>

In September 2003, a newly built Farmer Jack opened in [[Milford, Michigan]]; a new store opened in [[Waterford, Michigan]], in 2005.<ref>((cite news| title=Industry Report| newspaper=[[Detroit Free Press]]| date=23 Sep 2003| page=D2))</ref>  The company planned a new store for [[Dearborn Heights]] in 2004, but it opened as [[Food Basics USA|Food Basics]] instead.  After A&P discontinued the Food Basics brand locally, the company converted it into a Farmer Jack.

==Decline and demise==
After initial merger pains, Farmer Jack rose to prosperity, becoming A&P's most profitable division through the 1990s.  But in 2002, the chain began losing money.  Former executives attributed this to several reasons:<ref name=tailspin>((cite news| last=Dixon| first=Jennifer| title=Farmer Jack in a Tailspin| newspaper=Detroit Free Press| date=14 Feb 2003| page=A1| url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/freep/doc/436440857.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+14%2C+2003&author=Dixon%2C+Jennifer&pub=Detroit+Free+Press&edition=&startpage=&desc=FARMER+JACK+IN+A+TAILSPIN+GROCERY+EXPERTS+SAY+LOSSES+MAY+FORCE+SALE+OF+109+MICH.%2C+OHIO+STORES|url-access=subscription ))</ref> 
* The decision to expand the chain beyond metro Detroit; stores in the [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]], [[Flint, Michigan|Flint]], [[Saginaw]] and [[Lansing]] markets were unsuccessful and proved to be a major financial drain.
* The lack of capital improvements within its existing stores.  In 2001, [[Kroger]] committed to a five-year, $345M initiative to remodel or replace its existing metro Detroit stores.  In 2002–2003, Farmer Jack committed just $50M.  Analysts blamed the discrepancy on A&P's financial woes and its need to conserve cash.  
* A delayed response to the price war launched between [[Meijer]], Kroger, [[Costco]] and [[Super K-Mart]].
* The discontinuation of awarding [[Northwest Airlines]] mileage for purchases in late 2001, which alienated many of its affluent consumers.
* A&P's decision to lay off most local executive management, merchandising operations, accounting, advertising and marketing positions, consolidating and performing these operations from its Montvale headquarters instead.  "You really, truly need someone in the organization who knows the market, who knows the customer, [but there was] nobody left," a former executive told the [[Detroit Free Press]].  While A&P panned local management for accounting irregularities that affected the company, former executives blamed the breadth of the layoffs on the company's desire to cut costs.

[[Market Scope]] projected that Farmer Jack led metro Detroit in market share with 27.5% at year end 2001. It began a free fall in 2002; by the end of the year, Kroger led the market while Meijer climbed to 16.1% from 10.1% in just one year.

In 2003, Farmer Jack announced its first round of store closures and that it would seek voluntary buyouts among its most senior employees.<ref name=4stores>((cite news| last=Dixon| first=Jennifer| title=Farmer Jack Drops 4 Stores| newspaper=Detroit Free Press| date=28 Mar 2003| page=C1))</ref>  In June, in a move made by the company to ‘get its consumer base back,’ but attributed by the media as a marketing gimmick, each store was closed for 37 hours so that they could be thoroughly cleaned; when the stores reopened, employees debuted with new uniforms and the loyalty card and weekly sales were discontinued in favor of everyday low pricing.  Additionally, a new marketing program titled "We’re Thinking Fresh" promoting ‘it’s fresh or it’s free - guaranteed’ was launched.<ref name=fightback>((cite news| last=Dixon| first=Jennifer| title=Farmer Jack Fights Back| newspaper=Detroit Free Press| date=12 June 2003| page=A1))</ref>  An analysis by the ''Detroit Free Press'' among a basket of commonly purchased items concluded that Farmer Jack's price had indeed gone from most expensive to least expensive among its peers; however, journalists also noted that "in spite of the surface shine, some areas of the store (where journalists shopped) needed a scrubbing. The coolers looked old, a frozen food area had bent and crooked shelves, and some inner cooler door frames were dusty and dotted with bits of paper."  The paper speculated that competitors would match Farmer Jack's prices and it would suffer from the same problems it had before the makeover.<ref name=undercuts>((cite news| last=Dixon| first=Jennifer| title=New Prices at Farmer Jack Undercuts Rivals| newspaper=Detroit Free Press| date=21 June 2003| page=A1))</ref>
 
In early 2004, ten Farmer Jack locations were converted into A&P's [[Food Basics USA|Food Basics]] format in an attempt to compete with discount chains such as [[Save-A-Lot]].<ref name=progressive>((cite news| title=A&P Reopening 10 Detroit Farmer Jacks as Food Basics Stores| url=http://www.progressivegrocer.com/top-story-a_amp_p_reopening_10_detroit_farmer_jacks_as_food_basics_stores-7916.html| date=13 January 2004| work=Progressive Grocer| access-date=2013-12-17| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217224513/http://www.progressivegrocer.com/top-story-a_amp_p_reopening_10_detroit_farmer_jacks_as_food_basics_stores-7916.html| archive-date=17 December 2013))</ref>  Less than a year later, nine were closed while the other—a new-build store in Dearborn Heights—was converted into a Farmer Jack.  Simultaneously, the closure of 15 Farmer Jacks was announced;<ref>((cite news|last=Guest|first=Gretta|title=As Grocer Fades, New Owners Take Gamble|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=27 May 2005|page=C1))</ref> four more closures were announced later in the year.<ref name=unionfears>((cite news| last=Guest |first=Gretta| title=Farmer Jack Union Fears More Closures| newspaper=Detroit Free Press| date=1 Sep 2005| page=C1))</ref>

In early 2005, A&P placed Farmer Jack for sale, seeking an estimated $250M (~$((Format price|((Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=250000000|start_year=2005)))) in ((Inflation/year|US-GDP))) for 71 core stores; the remaining locations were offered individually.<ref name=apsell>((cite news| last=Gopwani| first=Jewl| title=A&P To Sell Farmer Jack| newspaper=Detroit Free Press| date=11 May 2005| page=C1))</ref>  Later that year, workers approved wage cuts conditional on a sale to [[Spartan Stores]]—which was led by several former Farmer Jack executives, including its CEO Dennis Edison who led Farmer Jack until his dismissal in 2002, but the deal fell through.  Workers then approved a similar package of cuts in exchange for A&P guaranteeing to keep the stores open through May 2007.  A&P, which was unable to find a buyer for Farmer Jack, said the chain would break even for the year and therefore A&P—which had just received a cash injection from the sale of its Canadian division—was in no hurry to sell it.  A&P also admitted that because it had anticipated a quick sale, Farmer Jack had been poorly managed for over a year; therefore, the company was returning to loyalty cards and "It's Savings Time" marketing.<ref name=nohurry>((cite news| last=Guest| first=Gretta| title=A&P Says It's In No Hurry To Sell Farmer Jack| newspaper=Detroit Free Press| date=19 Oct 2005| page=C1))</ref>

By April 2006, Farmer Jack was once again profitable.<ref name=wagecut>((cite news|last=Guest|first=Gretta|title=Farmer Jack is Trimming Store Prices: Wage Cuts Make Big Grocer Profitable Again| newspaper=Detroit Free Press| date=5 May 2006| page=E1))</ref>

In August 2006, Farmer Jack announced it would convert three stores into a prototype mixed discount-upscale market featuring warehouse-type shelving, fewer product offerings and higher stacking in the produce department while featuring lower prices.  Plans were scrapped by October, with then A&P CEO Eric Claus saying "we're not pleased with our lack of sales momentum in Michigan".<ref name=delay>((cite news| last=Guest| first=Gretta| title=Farmer Jack Delays Shops that Mix Upscale, Discount| newspaper=Detroit Free Press| date=28 Oct 2006| page=A12))</ref>

In March 2007, A&P announced plans to sell or close Farmer Jack by July.<ref name=uncertain>((cite news| last=Bauza| first=Margarita| title=Grocer's Future Uncertain| work=Detroit Free Press| date=9 April 2007| page=A8| url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/freep/doc/436801009.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Apr+9%2C+2007&author=Bauza%2C+Margarita&pub=Detroit+Free+Press&edition=&startpage=&desc=GROCER%27S+FUTURE+UNCERTAIN|url-access=subscription ))</ref>  In May, its distribution warehouses closed.<ref name=warehouses>((cite news| last=Bauza| first=Margarita| title=Farmer Jack to Close All its Warehouses in Metro Detroit| newspaper=Detroit Free Press| date=9 May 2007| page=E2))</ref>  The remaining Farmer Jacks closed on July 7.  "For all practical purposes, those stores were closed anyway," supermarket analyst David Livingston told the ''Detroit News''. "Farmer Jack was doing such a low volume. The existing stores were barely even doing that -- existing."  "Farmer Jack was stuck in the past in terms of quality, merchandising and pricing," said Ken Dalto, a [[Farmington Hills]]-based retail consultant. "A&P never gave its Michigan stores the type of attention they needed to do well. Customers noticed they didn't move beyond 20 years ago."<ref name=krogerin>((cite news| last=Youssef| first=Jennifer| title=Kroger in, Farmer Jack out| url=http://www.kendalto.com/KrogerinFarmerJackoutJuly72007.htm| access-date=21 March 2014| newspaper=The Detroit News| date=7 July 2007| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000951/http://www.kendalto.com/KrogerinFarmerJackoutJuly72007.htm| archive-date=4 March 2016))</ref>  While Kroger was aggressively remodeling or rebuilding its stores with designer interiors, full service meat & seafood counters, sushi and extensive prepared food bars, most Farmer Jacks retained A&P's late 1980s/early 1990s interior design package.

[[Image:101Farmerjack.jpg|thumb|A Farmer Jack store with a liquidation sign displayed]]

Of the remaining 66 Farmer Jacks, the company announced that it sold 20 to Kroger, 10 to smaller local chains and 15 to independent grocers.<ref name=krogerin/>  However, some of the deals with the independent grocers collapsed.  In an October 2007 SEC filing A&P revealed that it received approximately $110&nbsp;million for 41 former Farmer Jack sites, and that 2 warehouses and 25 stores remained for sale.<ref name=sec>((cite web| url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/43300/000004330007000055/0000043300-07-000055.txt| title=Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets: The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, Inc.| publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]| date=22 October 2007| access-date=2013-12-17))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=http://www.aptea.com/real_estate_search.asp?action=search&state=MI&property=5 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818081035/http://www.aptea.com/real_estate_search.asp?action=search&state=MI&property=5 | url-status=dead | archive-date=2010-08-18 | title=The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company / Real Estate | publisher=Aptea.com | access-date=2010-05-01 ))</ref>

In June 2010, A&P ended lease payments at vacant Farmer Jack stores; affected property owners responded with 24 lawsuits against A&P.<ref name=duggan>((cite news| url=http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20101003/SUB01/101009980/a-p-stops-rent-on-farmer-jack-spaces-24-lawsuits-filed-owners-in-default| title=A&P stops rent on Farmer Jack spaces: 24 lawsuits filed; owners in default| work=[[Crain Communications|Crain's Detroit Business]]| date=3 October 2010| last=Duggan| first=Daniel| access-date=2013-12-17))</ref> In December 2010, A&P filed for bankruptcy citing dark leases from discontinued operations like Farmer Jack as a factor in its decision.<ref name=daniel>((cite news| url=http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20101213/FREE/101219964/a-p-wants-to-terminate-21-retail-leases-in-metro-detroit-bankruptcy-filing-shows| title=A&P wants to terminate 21 retail leases in metro Detroit, bankruptcy filing shows| work=Crain's Detroit Business| date=13 December 2010| last=Duggan| first=Daniel| access-date=2013-12-17))</ref>

==Marketing==
Farmer Jack is remembered in metro Detroit for its ''It's Always Savings Time'' jingle, which was used in the 1990s and again in the mid-2000s. Its most famous advertising mode was the 10-second "Farmer Jack savings time" plugs where the radio personality would give a quick special while in the background would play a sound similar to a teletype that began and ended with a low "boinnng" sound.

Another famous slogan was ''Made in Michigan, Sold at Farmer Jack'', which was used to promote Michigan brands and agriculture products.

== References ==
((reflist))

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.farmerjack.com/ Official website] (Archive)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvyy1a7IKVc 1969 CKLW radio aircheck with Farmer Jack commercial]

((The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company))
((Supermarkets of the United States))

[[Category:1924 establishments in Michigan]]
[[Category:2007 disestablishments in Michigan]]
[[Category:Companies based in Detroit]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 1924]]
[[Category:Retail companies disestablished in 2007]]
[[Category:Defunct companies based in Michigan]]
[[Category:Defunct supermarkets of the United States]]
[[Category:The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company]]

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