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((short description|Paramilitary organization))
((Unreferenced|date=April 2009))

A '''fascist paramilitary''' is a fighting force - whether armed, unarmed, or merely symbolic - that is independent of regular military command and is established for the defence and advancement of a movement that adheres to the radical nationalist ideology of [[fascism]]. Since fascism is such a militarist ideology, there are very few varieties of fascism where paramilitaries do not play a central role, and some kind of [[paramilitary]] participation is almost always a basic requirement of membership in fascist movements. Fascist paramilitaries have seen action in both peacetime and wartime. Most fascist paramilitaries wear [[political uniform]]s, and many have taken their names from the colours of their uniforms.

The first fascist paramilitary was the [[Blackshirts]] of [[Italian Fascism]] led by [[Benito Mussolini]]. While many of the Blackshirts were former members of the [[Arditi]] who had fought in [[World War I]] or the [[Fascio]] of the immediate post-war years, the most direct inspiration for the first fascist paramilitary was [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]]'s [[Redshirts (Italy)|Redshirts]].

A number of other fascist movements established paramilitaries modeled after the Italian original, most notably [[Nazism]] with its [[Nazism and race|racialist]] view and its [[Sturmabteilung]] and [[Schutzstaffel]]. Others include:
*the [[Fascist Defence Force]] of the [[British Union of Fascists]]
*the [[Blueshirts]] under [[Eoin O'Duffy]] in Ireland
*the [[gold shirts]] in Mexico
*the [[Brazilian Integralism|Greenshirts]] in Brazil
*the [[Heimwehr]] in Austria, in the 1920s and 1930s
*the [[Iron Guard death squads|Legionary Greenshirts]] of the [[Iron Guard]] in Romania
*the [[Iron Wolf (organization)|Iron Wolf organization]] in Lithuania
*the [[Legião Portuguesa]] in Portugal

Several fascist movements took their cue from the Nazi Sturmabteilung rather than the  fascist Blackshirts, such as the [[Greyshirts]] in South Africa and the [[Silver Legion of America]]. Following the Axis invasion of Albania, the occupation forces formed the [[Albanian Militia]] under the Blackshirts. Several fascist paramilitaries were active in [[Romania]] including the [[Lăncieri]].

Some Nazi movements have also established paramilitary youth organizations similar to fascist ones such as the [[Hitler Youth]] or the [[Mocidade Portuguesa]].

A number of fascist paramilitaries have been deployed in conventional warfare. For example, in the later years of [[World War II]] the Italian Blackshirts developed into the [[Black Brigades]]. Likewise, the combat wing of the Nazi Schutzstaffel, the [[Waffen-SS]], fought in many major battles of World War II. The [[Einsatzgruppen]] were [[death squads]] active in [[Eastern Europe]] which carried out the [[Holocaust]] and other political killings. In an act of desperation, the Nazis deployed remnants of the Hitler Youth and Sturmabteilung against the [[Red Army]] in the [[Battle of Berlin]]. At the eleventh hour of the war, the Nazis laid plans for a guerrilla resistance movement they called the [[Werwolf]]. However, these plans amounted to little more than a handful of sabotages and assassinations which were ineffective.

[[Neo-Nazis]] have used the [[white power skinhead]] scene as a recruitment base for Neo-Nazi paramilitaries like [[Combat 18]]. [[Soccer hooliganism]] throughout [[Europe]] is another source of recruits. Some groups in the white supremacist wing of the [[American militia movement|militia movement]] in the United States can be seen as neo-Nazi paramilitaries. The differentiating factor between fascism and Nazism, is the racial aspect of Nazism called [[Nordicism]], where as orthodox fascism was not known to have a viewpoint on race, Nazism believed that the [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] race was superior. Both ideologies are considered [[Far-right politics|hard-right]]. Both ideologies agreed on economics and nationalism, however they differed on race, and had different [[New Order (Nazism)|end goals]]. 

==References==
((reflist))

[[Category:Fascism|Fascism]]
[[Category:Paramilitary organizations]]

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