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((Refimprove|date=April 2015))
In [[medicine]], the '''fecal fat test''' is a diagnostic test for [[fat]] [[malabsorption]] conditions, which lead to excess fat in the feces ([[steatorrhea]]).

==Background==
In the [[duodenum]], dietary fat (primarily [[triglyceride]]s) is digested by [[enzyme]]s such as [[pancreatic lipase]] into smaller molecules of 1,2-Diacylglycerols and free fatty acids, which can be absorbed through the wall of the [[Jejunum|jejenum]] of the small intestine <ref>((cite journal | pmc = 1413370 | pmid=14013961 | volume=3 | issue=4 | title=On the site of absorption of fat from the human small intestine | year=1962 | journal=Gut | pages=315–7 |vauthors=Borgstrom B, Dahlqvist A, Lundh G | doi=10.1136/gut.3.4.315))</ref> and enter [[Circulation (physiology)|circulation]] for [[metabolism]] and storage. Since [[fat]] is a valuable nutrient, [[human feces]] normally contains very little undigested fat. However, a number of diseases of the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract are characterized by fat malabsorption.

Examples of such diseases are:
* disorders of exocrine [[pancreas|pancreatic]] function, such as [[chronic pancreatitis]], [[cystic fibrosis]] and [[Shwachman–Diamond syndrome]] (these are characterized by deficiency of pancreatic digestive enzymes)
* [[celiac disease]] (in which the fat malabsorption in severe cases is due to inflammatory damage to the integrity of the intestinal lining)
* [[short bowel syndrome]] (in which much of the small intestine has had to be surgically removed and the remaining portion cannot completely absorb all of the fat).
* [[small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome]]

==Microscopy==
In the simplest form of the fecal fat test, a random fecal specimen is submitted to the [[hospital laboratory]] and examined under a [[microscope]] after [[staining]] with a [[Sudan III]] or [[Sudan IV]] dye ("[[Sudan stain]]ing"). Visible amounts of fat indicate some degree of fat malabsorption.

==Quantitative==
Quantitative fecal fat tests measure and report an amount of fat. This is usually done over a period of three days, the patient collecting all of their feces into a container.

The container is thoroughly mixed to homogenize the feces, without using specific mixer equipment. A small sample from the feces is collected. The fat content is extracted with [[solvent]]s and measured by [[saponification]] (turning the fat into [[soap]]).

Normally, up to 7 [[gram]]s of fat can be malabsorbed in people consuming 100 grams of fat per day. In patients with [[diarrhea]], up to 12 grams of fat may be malabsorbed since the presence of diarrhea interferes with fat absorption, even when the diarrhea is not due to fat malabsorption.

==References==
((Reflist))

((Digestive system procedures))

[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Feces]]
[[Category:Stool tests]]

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