Federal Ministry of Justice

Bundesministerium der Justiz (BMJ)
Agency overview
Formed	1 January 1877 as Reichsjustizamt
Jurisdiction	Government of Germany
Headquarters	Mohrenstraße 37 10117 Berlin
Employees	789[1]
Annual budget	€957 million (2021)[2]
Minister responsible	Marco Buschmann, Federal Minister of Justice
Agency executive	Benjamin Strasser, Parliamentary Secretary of State Gerd Billen, Permanent Secretary of State Stefanie Hubig, Permanent Secretary of State
Website	http://www.bmj.bund.de

The Federal Ministry of Justice (German: Bundesministerium der Justiz, German pronunciation: [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm deːɐ̯ jʊsˈtiːt͡s] ^ⓘ), abbreviated BMJ, is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. Under the German federal system, individual States are most responsible for the administration of justice and the application of penalties. The Federal Ministry of Justice devotes itself to creating and changing law in the classic core areas related to Constitutional law. The Ministry also analyzes the legality and constitutionality of laws prepared by other ministries. The German Federal Court of Justice, the German Patent and Trade Mark Office (GPTO), and the German Patent Court all fall under its scope, including affairs on court administration. The ministry is officially located in Berlin.^[3]

The BMJ was founded on 1 January 1877 as the Imperial Justice Office (Reichsjustizamt). After Germany became a republic in 1919, it was renamed Reichsministerium der Justiz (Imperial ministry of Justice). The ministry was refounded as the Bundesministerium der Justiz in 1949. In several laws predating 1949, the ministry and the minister are however referred to as Reichsministerium der Justiz and Reichsminister der Justiz, respectively. This has gradually been replaced with the new name and title when laws have been amended, most recently in 2010.^[4]

Compentencies

In Germany's federal system, the administration of justice, the judiciary and law enforcement are primarily the responsibility of the Länder. The central task of the Federation in the field of justice is to safeguard and develop the rule of law. Legislative activity corresponds to this objective. It includes the preparation of new laws and the preparation and amendment or repeal of laws in the classical areas of law, namely civil law, criminal law, commercial and company law, copyright and industrial property law, court constitutional and procedural law for the individual jurisdictions (with the exception of labour and social courts), as well as service and professional law for judges, public prosecutors, lawyers and notaries. In addition, the Ministry is responsible for the tasks arising from the establishment of German unity in the areas of criminal, administrative and professional rehabilitation and "open property issues". The Ministry also examines the legal form of all draft laws and regulations prepared by other ministries in order to ensure that the legislation is compatible with the Basic Law.

The Ministry's portfolio includes the Federal Court of Justice in Karlsruhe with two criminal divisions in Leipzig, the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office at the Federal Court of Justice in Karlsruhe with an office in Leipzig, the Federal Office of Justice with the Federal Central Register in Bonn, the Federal Administrative Court in Leipzig, the Federal Fiscal Court in Munich, the Federal Patent Court in Munich and the German Patent and Trade Mark Office (DPMA) in Munich with offices in Berlin and Jena.

List of ministers

State Secretaries for Justice, 1876–1918

• Heinrich Friedberg 1876–1879
• Hermann von Schelling 1879–1889
• Otto von Oehlschläger 1889–1891
• Robert Bosse 1891–1892
• Eduard von Hanauer 1892–1893
• Rudolf Arnold Nieberding 1893–1909
• Hermann Lisco 1909–1917
• Paul Georg Christof von Krause 1917–1919

Ministers of Justice, 1918–1945

No.	Portrait	Name (Born-Died)	Term			Political Party	Government
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Otto Landsberg (1869–1957)	13 February 1919	20 June 1919	127 days	SPD	Scheidemann
2		Eugen Schiffer (1860–1954)	3 October 1919	26 March 1920	175 days	DDP	Bauer
3		Andreas Blunck (1871–1933)	26 March 1920	8 June 1920	74 days	DDP	Müller I
4		Rudolf Heinze (1865–1928)	25 June 1920	4 May 1921	313 days	DVP	Fehrenbach
5 (2)		Eugen Schiffer (1860–1954)	10 May 1921	22 October 1921	165 days	DDP	Wirth I
6		Gustav Radbruch (1878–1949)	26 October 1921	14 November 1922	1 year, 19 days	SPD	Wirth II
7 (4)		Rudolf Heinze (1865–1928)	22 November 1922	12 August 1923	263 days	DVP	Cuno
8 (6)		Gustav Radbruch (1878–1949)	13 August 1923	3 November 1923	82 days	SPD	Stresemann I–II
9		Erich Emminger (1880–1951)	30 November 1923	15 April 1924	137 days	BVP	Marx I
–		Kurt Joël (1865–1945) Acting	15 April 1924	15 December 1924	244 days	Independent	Marx I–II
7		Josef Frenken (1854–1943)	15 January 1925	21 November 1925	341 days	Centre	Luther I
–		Hans Luther (1879–1962) Acting	21 November 1925	5 December 1925	349 days	Independent	Luther I
8		Wilhelm Marx (1863–1946)	20 January 1926	12 May 1926	112 days	Centre	Luther II Marx III
9		Johannes Bell (1868–1949)	16 May 1926	17 December 1926	215 days	Centre	Marx III
10		Oskar Hergt (1869–1967)	28 January 1927	12 June 1928	1 year, 136 days	DNVP	Marx III–IV
11		Erich Koch-Weser (1875–1944)	28 June 1928	13 April 1929	289 days	DDP	Müller II
12		Theodor von Guérard (1863–1943)	13 April 1929	27 March 1930	348 days	Centre	Müller II
13		Johann Viktor Bredt (1879–1940)	30 March 1930	5 December 1930	250 days	WP	Brüning I
14		Kurt Joël (1865–1945)	5 December 1930	30 May 1932	1 year, 177 days	Independent	Brüning I–II
15		Franz Gürtner (1881–1941)	1 June 1932	29 January 1941 †	8 years, 242 days	DNVP NSDAP	Papen Schleicher Hitler
16		Franz Schlegelberger (1876–1970)	30 January 1941	20 August 1942	1 year, 202 days	NSDAP	Hitler
17		Otto Georg Thierack (1889–1946)	20 August 1942	23 May 1945	2 years, 276 days	NSDAP	Hitler Goebbels Schwerin von Krosigk

Federal Ministers, since 1949

Political Party:   FDP   DP   CSU   CDU   SPD

Name (Born-Died)		Portrait	Party	Term of Office		Chancellor (Cabinet)
Federal Minister of Justice (1949–2013, 2021–present) Federal Minister of Justice and Consumer Protection (2013–2021)
1	Thomas Dehler (1897–1967)		FDP	20 September 1949	20 October 1953	Adenauer (I)
2	Fritz Neumayer (1884–1973)		FDP	20 October 1953	16 October 1956	Adenauer (II)
3	Hans-Joachim von Merkatz (1905–1982)		DP	16 October 1956	29 October 1957
4	Fritz Schäffer (1888–1967)		CSU	29 October 1957	14 November 1961	Adenauer (III)
5	Wolfgang Stammberger (1920–1982)		FDP	14 November 1961	19 November 1962	Adenauer (IV)
6	Ewald Bucher (1914–1991)		FDP	14 December 1962	27 March 1965	Adenauer (V) Erhard (I)
7	Karl Weber (1898–1985)		CDU	1 April 1965	26 October 1965	Erhard (I)
8	Richard Jaeger (1913–1998)		CSU	26 October 1965	30 November 1966	Erhard (II)
9	Gustav Heinemann (1899–1976)		SPD	1 December 1966	26 March 1969	Kiesinger (I)
10	Horst Ehmke (1927–2017)		SPD	26 March 1969	21 October 1969	Kiesinger (I)
11	Gerhard Jahn (1927–1998)		SPD	22 October 1969	7 May 1974	Brandt (I • II)
12	Hans-Jochen Vogel (1926–2020)		SPD	16 May 1974	22 January 1981	Schmidt (I • II • III)
13	Jürgen Schmude (b. 1936)		SPD	22 January 1981	1 October 1982	Schmidt (III)
14	Hans A. Engelhard (1934–2008)		FDP	4 October 1982	18 January 1991	Kohl (I • II • III)
15	Klaus Kinkel (1936–2019)		No party; FDP (from 1991)	18 January 1991	18 May 1992	Kohl (IV)
16	Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger (b. 1951)		FDP	18 May 1992	17 January 1996	Kohl (IV • V)
17	Edzard Schmidt-Jortzig (b. 1941)		FDP	17 January 1996	26 October 1998	Kohl (V)
18	Herta Däubler-Gmelin (b. 1943)		SPD	27 October 1998	22 October 2002	Schröder (I)
19	Brigitte Zypries (b. 1953)		SPD	22 October 2002	28 October 2009	Schröder (II) Merkel (I)
20 (16)	Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger (b. 1951)		FDP	28 October 2009	17 December 2013	Merkel (II)
21	Heiko Maas (b. 1966)		SPD	17 December 2013	14 March 2018	Merkel (III)
22	Katarina Barley (b. 1968)		SPD	14 March 2018	27 June 2019	Merkel (IV)
23	Christine Lambrecht (b. 1965)		SPD	27 June 2019	8 December 2021	Merkel (IV)
24	Marco Buschmann (b. 1977)		FDP	8 December 2021	Incumbent	Scholz (I)