Part of the Politics series
Basic forms of government
List of forms of government List of countries by system of government
Source of power Democracy (rule by many) Demarchy Direct Liberal Representative Social Socialist Others Oligarchy (rule by few) Anocracy Aristocracy Gerontocracy Kleptocracy Kritarchy Meritocracy Noocracy Particracy Plutocracy Stratocracy Technocracy Theocracy Autocracy (rule by one) Despotism Dictatorship Military dictatorship Tyranny Anarchy (rule by none) Anarchism Free association Stateless
Power ideology Monarchy Republic (socio-political ideologies) Absolute Communist Constitutional Directorial Legalist Parliamentary Presidential Semi-presidential Authoritarian Libertarian (socio-economic ideologies) Anarchism Colonialism Communism Despotism Distributism Fascism Feudalism Socialism Totalitarianism Tribalism Religious Secular State religion Secular state State atheism Global Local (geo-cultural ideologies) City-state Intergovernmental organisation National government World government Nationalism Internationalism Globalism
Power structure Unitarism Unitary state Empire Principality Client state Associated state Dependent territory Dominion Protectorate Puppet state Puppet monarch Satellite state Self-governing colony Tributary state Buffer state Vassal state Viceroyalty Federalism Confederation Devolution Federation Superstate Supranational union International relations Small power Regional power Middle power Great power Superpower
Related Administrative division Democracy indices Democratic transition Autocratization Democratisation Hybrid regimes
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Part of the Politics series
Republicanism
Concepts Anti-monarchism Democracy Democratization Liberty as non-domination Popular sovereignty Republic Res publica Social contract
Schools Classical Modern Federal Kemalism Nasserism Neo-republicanism Venizelism
Types Autonomous Capitalist Christian Democratic Federal Federal parliamentary Islamic Parliamentary People's Revolutionary Secular Sister Soviet
Philosophers Arendt Cicero Harrington Jefferson Locke Machiavelli Madison Mazzini Montesquieu Pettit Polybius Rousseau Sandel Sidney Tocqueville Wollstonecraft
History Roman Republic Gaṇasaṅgha Classical Athens Republic of Venice Republic of Genoa Republic of Florence Dutch Republic American Revolution French Revolution Spanish American wars of independence Trienio Liberal French Revolution of 1848 5 October 1910 revolution Chinese Revolution Russian Revolution German Revolution of 1918–1919 Turkish War of Independence Mongolian Revolution of 1921 11 September 1922 Revolution 1935 Greek coup d'état attempt Spanish Civil War 1946 Italian institutional referendum 1952 Egyptian revolution 14 July Revolution North Yemen Civil War Zanzibar Revolution 1969 Libyan coup d'état 1970 Cambodian coup d'état Metapolitefsi Iranian Revolution 1987 Fijian coups d'état Nepalese Civil War Barbadian Republic Proclamation
National variants Antigua and Barbuda Australia Bahamas Barbados Canada Ireland Jamaica Japan Morocco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Spain Sweden United Kingdom Scotland Wales United States
Related topics Communitarianism Criticism of monarchy Egalitarianism The Emperor's New Clothes Liberalism Monarchism Primus inter pares
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A federal parliamentary republic refers to a federation of states with a republican form of government that is, more or less, dependent upon the confidence of parliaments at both the national and sub-national levels. It is a combination of the government republic and the parliamentary republic.

Such republics usually possess a bicameral legislature at the federal level out of necessity, so as to allow for a set, often equal number of representatives of the sub-national entities to sit in the upper house; however, the government, headed by a head of government, will be depending upon the lower house of parliament for its stability or legitimacy. If there is any confusion, this means that the government and the parliament share equal control, being a mix of the two.

List of federal parliamentary republics

Federation	Official style	Head of state elected by	Head of state	Head of government	Head of government elected by
Austria	Republic of Austria	Direct, by second-round system	President of Austria	Chancellor of Austria	Parliament, by majority
Ethiopia	Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia	Parliament, by two-thirds majority	President of Ethiopia	Prime Minister of Ethiopia	Parliament
Germany	Federal Republic of Germany	Federal Assembly (parliament and state delegates), by absolute majority	President of Germany	Chancellor of Germany	Parliament, by absolute majority
India	Republic of India	Electoral College, parliament and state legislators, by single transferable vote[1]	President of India	Prime Minister of India	Lower House of Parliament, by absolute majority[1]
Iraq	Republic of Iraq	Regions of Iraq	President of Iraq	Prime Minister	Parliament, by two-thirds majority
Micronesia	Federated States of Micronesia	Subdivisions of Micronesia	President of Micronesia		Parliament, by majority
Nepal	Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal	Subdivisions of Nepal	President of Nepal	Prime Minister of Nepal	Parliament and state legislators
Pakistan	Islamic Republic of Pakistan	Subdivisions of Pakistan	President of Pakistan	Prime Minister of Pakistan	Electoral College, by two-thirds majority
Somalia	Federal Republic of Somalia	Subdivisions of Somalia	President of Somalia	Prime Minister of Somalia	Parliament
Switzerland	Swiss Confederation	Cantons of Switzerland	Federal Council		Federal Assembly (parliament and canton delegates), by absolute majority