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((Infobox ethnic group
|group=Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria
|population=1,080
|popplace=[[United States]] [[California]])
|langs=[[English language|English]], [[Pomoan languages|Pomo]], [[Miwok language]]
|rels=Roundhouse religion, [[Christianity]], [[Kuksu (religion)|Kuksu]]
|related=[[Miwok]] and [[Pomo people]]
))
The '''Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria''',<ref>[http://www.gratonrancheria.com/index.htm Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318213205/http://www.gratonrancheria.com/index.htm/ |date=2015-03-18 )) (retrieved 6 Jan 2010)</ref> formerly known as the '''Federated Coast Miwok''', is a federally recognized American Indian tribe of [[Coast Miwok]] and Southern [[Pomo]] Indians.<ref>[http://frwebgate6.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/PDFgate.cgi?WAISdocID=806764473268+1+2+0&WAISaction=retrieve: Federal Register Notice at 74 FR 40219, dated August 11, 2009 ]((Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes ))</ref> The tribe was officially restored to federal recognition in 2000 by the U.S. government pursuant to the Graton Rancheria Restoration Act.<ref name="act">Pub. L. No. 106-568, Title XIV (114 Stat. 2939), 25 U.S.C. § 1300n et. seq. (2000)</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120717022221/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/cpquery/T?&report=hr677&dbname=106& Search Results – THOMAS (Library of Congress)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

==Early history==
((More citations needed|section|date=December 2022))
Prior to European contact, the residents of [[Marin County, California|Marin]] and [[Sonoma County, California|Sonoma]] Counties were bands of Native Californians belonging to two linguistic and cultural groups: the Coast Miwok and Southern Pomo, living in close proximity to each other and indigenous to Marin and southern Sonoma Counties in Northern California.<ref>((Cite book |last=Schneider |first=Tsim D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=10FIEAAAQBAJ |title=The Archaeology of Refuge and Recourse: Coast Miwok Resilience and Indigenous Hinterlands in Colonial California |publisher=University of Arizona Press |year=2021 |isbn=9780816542536))</ref> Occupied at various times during more than thirty centuries, over 600 village sites have been identified in the Coast Miwok territory, stretching from [[Bodega Bay]] to the north, eastward beyond the towns of [[Cotati, California|Cotati]] and [[Sonoma, California|Sonoma]], and along the [[Point Reyes National Seashore]] and the shores of [[Tomales Bay]].((Citation needed|date=October 2022))

The year 1579 was the earliest recorded account made by the Europeans of the Coast Miwok people on the coast of Marin in the Point Reyes area, as documented in a diary by Chaplain Fletcher who was aboard [[New Albion|Sir Francis Drake's ship]].<ref>((Cite web | url=https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/h?intldl/rbdkbib:@field(NUMBER+@band(rbdk+d042)) | first=Francis | last=Fletcher | publisher=Sir Francis Drake |title=The world encompassed by Sir Francis Drake, being his next voyage to that to Nombre de Dios formerly imprinted; carefully collected out of the notes of Master Francis Fletcher, preacher in this imployment, and diuers others his followers in the same; offered now at last to publique view ... | access-date=26 August 2023 | pages=77–91 | year=1637))</ref> In 1595, The Coast Miwok came into contact with the crew of the ''San Agustin'', a [[Manila Galleon]], captained by [[Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho]] and crewed by Filipino mariners.<ref>((cite news |last=Rodis |first=Rodel |date=26 October 2013 |title=The Second Coming of Filipinos to America |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/88743/the-second-coming-of-filipinos-to-america |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |access-date=26 September 2018 ))</ref> During the Mission Period of 1779–1823, [[Mission San Francisco de Asís]] (also called "Mission Dolores"), [[Mission San Rafael Arcángel]] and [[Mission San Francisco Solano]] used Indians, including the Coast Miwok and Southern Pomo people, as a key source of labor.((Citation needed|date=October 2022))

As early as 1830, a [[Filipino Americans|Filipino]] named Domingo Felix married a Coast Miwok woman named Euphrasia Valencia, and they started a family who later settled in [[Lairds Landing, California|Lairds Landing]] in 1861.<ref name=":0">((Cite web |last=Curwen |first=Thomas |date=2016-04-18 |title=Reminders of a bohemian artist's past will soon fade at Laird's Landing |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-point-reyes-preservation-20160418-story.html |url-access=limited |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |quote=So far as the written record showed, Domingo Felix and Euphrasia Valencia were the first residents of Laird’s. He was Filipino, and she, Coast Miwok. They moved here in 1861, a significant step for a family long displaced from ancestral lands by the Spanish, Mexicans and Americans.))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=http://www.csus.edu/aas/sobredo/Filipinos_in_SF_Bay.html |title=Filipino Americans in the San Francisco Bay Area, Stockton, and Seattle |last1=Sobredo |first1=James |date=July 1999 |website=Asian American Studies |publisher=California State University, Sacramento |access-date=28 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229002106/http://www.csus.edu/aas/sobredo/Filipinos_in_SF_Bay.html |archive-date=29 December 2014 ))</ref> The family who descended from this multiracial couple remained there until 1955.<ref name=":0" /> Some of the Coast Miwok trace their lineage to this couple.<ref>((cite news |author=Alfred A. Yuson |title=Fil-Am memoirs: A multicolored fabric |url=http://www.philstar.com/arts-and-culture/159884/fil-am-memoirs-multicolored-fabric |newspaper=Philippine Star |date=6 May 2002 |accessdate=28 December 2014 |quote=The Filipino experience in California is a multiracial one, which has its roots in the 1830 marriage of a Filipino named Domingo Felix and his wife Euphrasia, a Coast Miwok. They were married in Point Reyes and settled at Laird's Landing. Today nearly all the Coast Miwoks are part Filipino...))</ref>

The territorial lands of the Southern Pomo are in Sonoma County, south of the [[Russian River (California)|Russian River]] to the southern [[Santa Rosa, California|Santa Rosa]] area.((Citation needed|date=October 2022)) The Southern Pomo were the first inhabitants of what is now the town of [[Sebastopol, California|Sebastopol]], with several smaller traditional Southern Pomo villages located southeast of Sebastopol along the [[Laguna de Santa Rosa]].((Citation needed|date=October 2022)) California anthropologist [[Alfred L. Kroeber]] stated:

:''Batiklechawi, at Sebastapol at the head of the slough known as Laguna de Santa Rosa, was an important town, and therefore presumably the headquarters of a division [of the Southern Pomo]. Another group tentatively may be inferred as having occupied the bulk of the shores of the laguna.''<ref>Kroeber, 233</ref>

==Recent history==
Most of the Coast Miwok continued to live in their traditional lands through the 20th century. They worked in sawmills, as agricultural laborers, and fished to supplement their incomes.((Citation needed|date=October 2022))

The [[Graton Rancheria]] was a ((convert|15|acre|m2|adj=on)) [[Indian rancheria]] near Sebastopol in Sonoma County. The rancheria was established for Coast Miwok, Southern Pomo, and other Indians living in the region. In 1920, when Indians began to settle the land, they discovered that all but ((Convert|3|acres|m2|spell=in)) were inhospitable.

The US government terminated the trust agreement (federal recognition) of the Graton Rancheria in 1958. Gloria Armstrong ([[Miwok]]) privately owned a ((convert|1|acre|m2|adj=on)) lot of the previous rancheria.<ref>[http://infodome.sdsu.edu/research/guides/calindians/calinddictdl.shtml#g "California Indians and Their Reservations."] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926145711/http://infodome.sdsu.edu/research/guides/calindians/calinddictdl.shtml#g |date=2010-09-26 )) ''San Diego State University Library and Information Access.'' (retrieved 6 Jan 2010)</ref> In 1992, the tribe initiated the procedure to regain [[Native American recognition in the United States|federal recognition]].<ref>Pritzker, 134</ref> Recognition was achieved on December 27, 2000 through the Graton Rancheria Restoration Act passed by the U.S. Congress.<ref>[http://ftp.resource.org/gpo.gov/laws/106/publ568.106.txt "Omnibus Indian Advancement Act."] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721004655/http://ftp.resource.org/gpo.gov/laws/106/publ568.106.txt |date=2011-07-21 )) ''Public Law 106-568, 106th Congress.'' Page 2867. (retrieved 6 Jan 2009)</ref> On April 18, 2008, the tribe acquired ((convert|254|acre|km2)) of land.<ref>[http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2008/E8-10064.htm "Land Acquisitions; Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, California."] ''Federal Register (Volume 73, Number 89).'' 7 May 2008 (retrieved 6 Jan 2009)</ref>

Since 2007, the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria has collaborated with Occidental Arts and Ecology in [[Occidental, California]] to create workshops called Tradition Environmental Knowledge on [[organic farming]], [[herbology]], native plant restoration, and [[ethnobotany]].<ref>[http://www.oaec.org/figr "Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria."] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726111100/http://www.oaec.org/figr |date=2011-07-26 )) ''Occidental Arts and Ecology.'' 2009 (retrieved 12 May 2011)</ref>

==Government==
The tribe has approximately 1,438 members (1,438 as of October 1, 2019). The tribe's government offices are located in [[Rohnert Park, California]]. Tribal governmental programs and services include sacred sites preservation and protection, Indian housing, Indian education, membership, cultural arts, social services, and tribal health.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.gratonrancheria.com/index.htm |title=Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2006-09-02 |archive-date=2015-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318213205/http://www.gratonrancheria.com/index.htm/ |url-status=dead ))</ref>

The Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria are governed by a seven-member Tribal Council who are elected to two-year terms by the adult tribal membership. The current administration includes:
((div col|colwidth=30em))
*Tribal Chairman: [[Greg Sarris]]
*Vice-Chair: Lorelle W. B. Ross
*Treasurer: Gene Buvelot
*Secretary: Jeannette Anglin
*Councilmember: Joanne Campbell
*Councilmember: Robert Baguio
*Councilmember: Lawrence Stafford.<ref>[http://www.gratonrancheria.com/tribalcouncil.htm "Tribal Council."] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116230739/http://gratonrancheria.com/tribalcouncil.htm/ |date=2014-01-16 )) ''Federated Indians of the Graton Rancheria''. (retrieved 6 January 2010)</ref>
((div col end))

==Notable tribal members==
*[[Julia F. Parker]], b. 1928, master basket weaver
*[[Greg Sarris]], b. 1952, professor and author

==See also==
*[[Advisory Council on California Indian Policy]]

==Bibliography==
*Kroeber, Alfred L. ''Handbook of the Indians of California, Volume 1.'' Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2006 (Reprint). ((ISBN|978-1-4286-4492-2)).
*Pritzker, Barry M. ''A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. ((ISBN|978-0-19-513877-1)).

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
* ((official website|http://www.gratonrancheria.com/))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060626030604/http://www.friendsoffigr.com/ Friends of Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria]
* [http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2004/February/Day-12/i3044.htm Graton Rancheria Casino and Hotel Project] EPA notice

((Miwok))

[[Category:Coast Miwok]]
[[Category:Pomo tribes]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in Sonoma County, California]]
[[Category:Federally recognized tribes in the United States]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria| ]]

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