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((Short description|Rare examples of British Bronze Age sewn-plank boats))
((More citations needed|date=January 2022))
((Use dmy dates|date=December 2016))
((Use British English|date=December 2016))
[[File:Ferriby boat model and replica tools.jpg|thumb|right|Ferriby boat model and replica tools in the [[Hull and East Riding Museum]]]]
[[File:Ferriby boat 4.jpg|thumb|right|Reconstruction]]

The '''Ferriby Boats''' are three [[Bronze Age Britain|Bronze-Age British]] [[sewn boat|sewn plank-built boats]], parts of which were discovered at [[North Ferriby]] in the [[East Riding of Yorkshire|East Riding]] of the [[England|English]] county of [[Yorkshire]]. Only a small number of boats of a similar period have been found in [[Great Britain|Britain]] and the Ferriby examples are the earliest known sewn-plank boats found in Europe, as well as the oldest known sewn-plank boats in the world outside of [[Khufu ship|Egypt]].<ref>((cite journal |last1=Chapman |first1=Henry P. |date=2021 |title=Seascapes and Landscapes—the Siting of the Ferriby Boat Finds in the Context of Prehistoric Pilotage |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2005.00042.x |journal=International Journal of Nautical Archaeology |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=43–50))</ref>

==History==
[[File:The Ferriby Boats - geograph.org.uk - 442080.jpg|thumb|right|A memorial at Ferriby to the finding of the boats]]

Ferriby is on the edge of a major estuary into the North Sea, [[the Humber]], so speculation has been made ever since their discovery about whether they went to sea and sailed to the Continent.  There is plenty of evidence that there was cross-channel communication,<ref>((cite journal|last1=Ven der Nort|first1=Robert|title=An ancient seascape: the social context of seafaring in the early Bronze Age|journal=World Archaeology|date=2004|volume=35|issue=3<!--|accessdate=18 March 2015-->|doi=10.1080/0043824042000185793|pages=404–415))</ref> but it is not known what kind of boats actually sailed across.  Keith Miller, a regional archaeologist told the BBC that Ferriby boats would have been used to cross the North Sea,<ref>((cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1234529.stm|title= Bronze Age boat 'oldest in Europe'|work=BBC News|accessdate=18 March 2015))</ref> though prudent modern mariners scoff at such suggestions. By modern standards, such vessels as these are considered suitable only for sheltered waters. Nonetheless, the Ferriby Heritage Trust describe Ferriby Boat 3 as Europe's oldest known seacraft.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.ferribyboats.co.uk/|accessdate= 18 September 2014|title=Welcome and introduction|publisher=Ferriby Heritage Trust Ltd))</ref>

The BBC television programme Operation Stonehenge: What Lies Beneath Pt 2, broadcast on BBC Two in September 2014, describes the boat as seagoing and describes the tons of cargo it could have taken across the Channel.  However, the Dover Museum consider that the [[Dover Bronze Age Boat]] is the oldest seagoing boat known, at only 1550&nbsp;BC, as the lack of a rocker bottom and pointed prow on the Ferriby boats is deemed by some to have made them too unstable for sea crossings.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.dovermuseum.co.uk/Bronze-Age-Boat/Bronze-Age-Boat.aspx |accessdate=18 September 2014|title=Bronze Age Boat The world's oldest known seagoing boat |publisher=Dover Museum))</ref>  This is contested though: The Oakleaf reproduction of the Ferriby boats (pictured) was given a pointed bow and the Ferriby boats are described by the museum that houses them as having curved rocker bottoms, which qualifies them as similar to the later Dover boat in their seagoing abilities.

==Ferriby Boat 1==
In 1937, the first boat, known as Ferriby Boat&nbsp;1 (or F1), was discovered by Ted and Will Wright, on the shore of the Humber.<ref name=plaque>((cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Ferriby_Boats_-_geograph.org.uk_-_442080.jpg |title=Plaque of memorial|work=Geograph| accessdate= 11 August 2011))</ref> It was a boat bottom with one end almost complete. What remained was 5.7&nbsp;feet (1.7&nbsp;m) wide and over 43&nbsp;feet (13.17&nbsp;m) long, the planks mostly 3–4&nbsp;inches thick. It was part of an [[oak]]en three-[[strake]] flat rockered-bottom boat which had been stitched together with [[Taxus baccata|yew]] [[withy|withies]], caulked with moss and capped with watertight oak laths. It has room for up to eighteen paddles and has been [[radiocarbon dating|radiocarbon dated]] to between 1880 and 1680&nbsp;BC.

==Ferriby Boat 2==
Sixty yards upstream, Ted Wright found the end of a second boat-plank in 1940.<ref name=plaque/> This has become known as Ferriby Boat&nbsp;2 (or F2). It is a twin-planked centre-strake dated to between 1940 and 1720&nbsp;BC.

==Ferriby Boat 3==
In 1963, part of a third boat was discovered, again by Ted Wright, this time in the company of one of his sons, Roderick, and excavated adjoining Ferriby Boat&nbsp;1. The remains consist of part of an outer bottom-strake and associated side-strake; many years later (in the late 1990s), scientists from Oxford were able to demonstrate that the third boat dated from as far back as 2030&nbsp;BC, by the analysis of samples of the boat using accelerator mass spectrometry.

Ted Wright had formulated this theory much earlier, as set out in his book "The Ferriby Boats: Seacraft of the Bronze Age", published in 1990.

==Display==
The original boats were excavated in 1946 and unfortunately had to be cut up to be moved. They were housed in the Archaeological Gallery of the [[National Maritime Museum]] in [[Greenwich]], but are now in the care of Hull  Museums. Details concerning the boats can be found on an information board on Ferriby foreshore, on a public footpath that forms part of the [[Trans Pennine Trail]].

==Replicas==
Two different replicas have been made of the Ferriby Boats.

===Oakleaf===
In 2002-2003, Edwin Gifford and his team that included Richard Darrah built and sailed a half-size reconstruction of a Ferriby boat in Southampton.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.riven-oak.appspot.com/bronzeage.html#ferriby |title=The Ferriby Boat|accessdate=18 September 2014))</ref>  They have experimented with using a sail; although there is no evidence of a sail in the originals, they successfully rigged a square sail to Oakleaf. Oakleaf was then acquired by the Ferriby Heritage Trust in 2008, and it is now kept at Ferriby.

===Morgawr===
In 2012–13, the [[Morgawr (boat)|''Morgawr'']], a full-scale fully functional reconstruction (replica) of the Ferriby 1 boat, was built at the [[National Maritime Museum Cornwall]] in Falmouth, as a collaborative effort between the National Maritime Museum and the [[University of Exeter]].<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-21681465/shaky-maiden-voyage-for-replica-bronze-age-boat|title=Shaky maiden voyage for replica Bronze Age boat|date=6 March 2013|work=BBC News|accessdate=2 September 2019))</ref> Launched on 6 March 2013 into Falmouth Harbour, ''Morgawr'' was an [[experimental archaeology]] endeavour to learn about Bronze Age boat building techniques (replica bronze tools of the Age were used) and to test the nautical capabilities of the craft. On her maiden voyage she was paddled by the volunteer builders.  She was also crewed by a rowing club team, who tested her manoeuvrability and speed.<ref>((cite journal |first1=Robert |last1=Van de Noort |first2=Brian |last2=Cumby |first3=Lucy |last3=Blue |first4=Anthony |last4=Harding |first5=Linda |last5=Hurcombe |first6=Tom Monrad |last6=Hansen |first7=Andy |last7=Wetherelt |first8=Jenny |last8=Wittamore |first9=Andy |last9=Wyke |title=''Morgawr'': an experimental Bronze Age‐type sewn‐plank craft based on the Ferriby boats |journal=International Journal of Nautical Archaeology |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=17–18 |doi=10.1111/1095-9270.12058|hdl=10871/15368 |hdl-access=free )) ((open access))</ref>

In 2014, having been in the water for many months, she was lifted out for her condition to be inspected and studied.  As of 2016, she is on land, on display next to the Maritime Museum.

==See also==
*[[Dover Bronze Age Boat]]
* [[Bell Beaker culture]]

==References==
((reflist))
*((cite book |title=The Ferriby Boats: Seacraft of the Bronze Age |first=Edward |last=Wright |year=1991 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0415025997))
*((cite web | last = Ferriby Heritage Trust | title = ferribyboats.co.uk | work = Information on the Bronze Age boats found at North Ferriby, East Yorkshire, England, UK | url = http://www.ferribyboats.co.uk | accessdate = 2 January 2007))

[[Category:Ancient boats]]
[[Category:Bronze Age England]]
[[Category:Prehistory of the East Riding of Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Ships preserved in museums]]
[[Category:Humber]]
[[Category:Archaeology of the East Riding of Yorkshire]]
[[Category:1937 archaeological discoveries]]

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